Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela: properties and paleographic significance of peats
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin ; Heidelberg
Springer
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Ecological studies
Vol. 217 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVII, 295 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9783642201370 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela |b properties and paleographic significance of peats |c Joseph Alfred Zinck ; Otto Huber, ed. |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin ; Heidelberg |b Springer |c 2011 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
O. HUBER AND J.A. ZINCK REFERENCES 4
2 TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL PEATS: AN OVERVIEW 5
J.A. ZINCK 2.1 INTRODUCTION 5
2.2 PEAT EXTENT AND DISTRIBUTION 5
2.2.1 PEATS IN TEMPERATE AND BOREAL REGIONS 6
2.2.2 PEATS IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL REGIONS 7
2.3 PEAT FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT 9
2.3.1 TOPOGRAPHY AND WATER REGIME 9
2.3.2 SOURCE AND QUALITY OF WATER 10
2.3.3 GEODYNAMICS 11
2.3.4 TIME AND RATE OF FORMATION 12
2.3.5 VEGETATION 13
2.3.6 PEAT AND CLIMATE CHANGE 14
2.4 FEATURES OF PEATS AND PEATLANDS 15
2.4.1 PHYSICAL PEAT PROPERTIES 15
2.4.2 CHEMICAL PEAT PROPERTIES 17
2.4.3 BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN PEATS 18
2.4.4 CHARACTERISTICS OF PEATLANDS 19
2.5 PEAT CLASSIFICATION 19
2.5.1 CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON LANDSCAPE FEATURES 20
2.5.2 CLASSIFICATIONS BASED ON PEAT PROPERTIES 20
2.5.3 MULTICRITERIA CLASSIFICATIONS 21
2.6 PEAT AND PEATLAND AS RESOURCES 22
2.6.1 RECLAMATION AND MULTIPURPOSE USES 22
2.6.2 CARBON STORAGE AND POTENTIAL RELEASE OF GREENHOUSE GASES .. 23 2.7
CONCLUSION 24
REFERENCES 25
BIBLIOGRAFISCHE INFORMATIONEN HTTP://D-NB.INFO/101028729X
DIGITALISIERT DURCH
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
THE VENEZUELAN GUAYANA REGION AND THE STUDY AREAS:
GEO-ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS 29
O. HUBER AND P. GARCIA 3.1 INTRODUCTION 29
3.2 GEOLOGY AND PALEOECOLOGY 31
3.2.1 GEOLOGIC HISTORY 31
3.2.2 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 35
3.2.3 PALEOECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 37
3.3 PHYSIOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, AND VEGETATION 40
3.3.1 LOWLANDS 42
3.3.2 UPLANDS 48
3.3.3 HIGHLANDS 51
3.4 STUDY AREAS 59
3.4.1 DUIDA-MARAHUAKA MASSIF AND CERRO HUACHAMAKARI 61 3.4.2 CUAO-SIPAPO
MASSIF 66
3.4.3 SIERRA DE MAIGUALIDA 70
3.5 CONCLUSIONS 75
3.5.1 GEOLOGIC HISTORY: THE MAKING OF A CONTINENT 75
3.5.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY 76
3.5.3 PALEOECOLOGY 76
3.5.4 CLIMATE 77
3.5.5 VEGETATION 78
REFERENCES 80
APPENDIX 85
TEPUI PEATLANDS: SETTING AND FEATURES 91
J.A. ZINCK AND P. GARCIA 4.1 INTRODUCTION 91
4.2 ROCK SUBSTRATUM 91
4.2.1 COVER ROCKS: THE RORAIMA GROUP 93
4.2.2 BASEMENT ROCKS: THE PARGUAZA GRANITE AND OTHER IGNEOUS-METAMORPHIC
ROCKS 97
4.3 GEOMORPHIC LANDSCAPE 97
4.3.1 MESETAS AND DOMES 97
4.3.2 KARST AND PSEUDOKARST MORPHOLOGY 99
4.3.3 ORIGIN OF THE MICRO-RELIEF 108
4.4 PEATLAND TYPES 109
4.4.1 DEPRESSION PEATS 110
4.4.2 SLOPEPEATS 112
4.4.3 NARROW-VALLEY PEATS 112
4.5 PEATLAND PATTERNS 113
4.5.1 SPATIAL VARIABILITY 113
4.5.2 STRATIFICATION OF THE PEAT MANTLES 118
4.6 CONCLUSIONS 122
4.6.1 PHYSICAL SETTING OF PEATLANDS 122
4.6.2 PEATLAND TYPES AND PATTERNS 122
REFERENCES 123
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
LABORATORY METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF PEAT MATERIALS 127 R.
SCHARGEL, P. GARCIA, AND D. JIMENEZ 5.1 INTRODUCTION 127
5.2 CRITERIA USED FOR THE RECOGNITION OF ORGANIC SOILS IN THE SOIL
TAXONOMY 127
5.3 LABORATORY METHODS SPECIFIC FOR ORGANIC SOILS 129
5.3.1 SAMPLE PREPARATION 130
5.3.2 MINERAL CONTENT 130
5.3.3 PYROPHOSPHATE COLOR 130
5.3.4 FIBER VOLUME 131
5.3.5 SOIL REACTION (PH) 132
5.4 TESTING LABORATORY METHODS ON SELECTED VENEZUELAN HISTOSOLS 132
5.4.1 THETESTSOILS 132
5.4.2 LABORATORY DETERMINATIONS 132
5.4.3 ASSESSING THE TESTED METHODS 133
5.5 LABORATORY DETERMINATIONS PERFORMED ON THE GUAYANA HISTOSOLS 135
5.5.1 SOILSAMPLING 135
5.5.2 ANALYTICAL METHODS APPLIED 136
5.6 CONCLUSIONS 137
REFERENCES 138
PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE TEPUI PEATS 141
P. GARCIA, R. SCHARGEL, AND J. A. ZINCK 6.1 INTRODUCTION 141
6.2 MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES 142
6.2.1 LAYER TYPES AND SEQUENCES 143
6.2.2 ROOTCONTENT 147
6.2.3 SOILCOLOR 149
6.2.4 DRAINAGE CONDITIONS 149
6.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 149
6.3.1 DRY MATTER AND FIBER CONTENTS 150
6.3.2 MINERAL CONTENT 155
6.3.3 BULKDENSITY 156
6.3.4 FIELD WATER CONTENT 158
6.4 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 159
6.4.1 ORGANIC MATTER CONTENT 159
6.4.2 SOIL REACTION AND ACIDITY 165
6.4.3 CATION EXCHANGE CAPACITY AND EXCHANGEABLE CATIONS 167 6.4.4
NUTRIENT STATUS AND DYNAMICS 170
6.5 SPATIAL VARIATIONS 171
6.5.1 RELATIONSHIPS WITH LANDSCAPE POSITION 171
6.5.2 RELATIONSHIPS WITH ROCK SUBSTRATUM 173
6.6 TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION 174
6.6.1 ORGANICSOILS 175
6.6.2 ORGANOMINERAL SOILS 180
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS
6.7 CONCLUSIONS 182
6.7.1 MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES 182
6.7.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 183
6.7.3 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 184
6.7.4 SOIL VARIABILITY 185
6.7.5 SOIL CLASSIFICATION 186
REFERENCES 186
TEPUI PEATLANDS: AGE RECORD AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 189 J.A. ZINCK, P.
GARCIA, AND J. VAN DER PLICHT 7.1 INTRODUCTION 189
7.2 SAMPLING AND DATING METHOD 189
7.2.1 PEATSAMPLING 189
7.2.2 RADIOCARBON DATING AND CALIBRATION 190
7.2.3 CALIBRATION GRAPHICS 191
7.2.4 CONVENTIONAL AND CALENDAR AGES 193
7.3 SITE DESCRIPTION AND AGE RECORD 195
7.3.1 THE MARAHUAKA-HUACHAMAKARI AREA 195
7.3.2 THE CUAO-SIPAPO AREA 199
7.3.3 THE MAIGUALIDA AREA 206
7.4 INTERPRETATIONS AND CORRELATIONS: PEAT FORMATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGES 208
7.4.1 THE EFFECT OF TOPOGRAPHY AND WATER DYNAMICS ON PEAT FORMATION 208
7.4.2 THE EFFECT OF GEODYNAMICS ON PEAT FORMATION 210 7.4.3 PEAT
AGE-DEPTH RELATIONSHIP 211
7.4.4 RATES OF PEAT DEPOSITION AND DEPOSITIONAL GAPS 215 7.4.5 PEAT
AGE-ELEVATION RELATIONSHIP 218
7.4.6 PEAT DECOMPOSITION AND AGE 219
7.4.7 VARIATIONS IN PEAT NATURE 221
7.4.8 THE FIRE EFFECT 223
7.4.9 HISTORY OF PEAT FORMATION AND CLIMATE CHANGE 223 7.4.10 INDICATORS
OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES 229
7.4.11 FATE OF TEPUIAN PEATS: A VULNERABLE ECOSYSTEM 230 7.5 CONCLUSIONS
232
7.5.1 PEAT FORMATION AND DATING 232
7.5.2 RELATIONSHIPS 233
REFERENCES 235
ORIGIN OF ORGANIC MATTER LEADING TO PEAT FORMATION IN THE SOUTHEASTERN
GUAYANA UPLANDS AND HIGHLANDS 237 E. MEDINA, E. CUEVAS, AND O. HUBER 8.1
INTRODUCTION 237
8.2 SITE DESCRIPTION 238
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS XV
8.2.1 HIGHLAND TEPUI SITES 239
8.2.2 UPLAND TEPUI SITE 240
8.2.3 GRAN SABANA UPLAND SITES 240
8.3 RESULTS: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN 5 13 C VALUES AND PEAT AGE 240 8.4
DISCUSSION 242
8.5 CONCLUSION 243
REFERENCES 243
9 SYNTHESIS: THE PEATSCAPE OF THE GUAYANA HIGHLANDS 247 J.A. ZINCK 9.1
INTRODUCTION 247
9.2 WHY DO PEATLANDS AND PEATS MATTER? 247
9.3 SETTING AND FORMATION OF THE PEATLANDS: THE PEATSCAPE 248 9.4
MORPHOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL, AND TAXONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
PEATS 250
9.5 VEGETATION OF THE PEATLANDS: PRESENT AND PAST 252
9.6 ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES: DIACHRONIE INCEPTION AND POLYGENETIC
EVOLUTION OF PEATS 254
9.7 THE HIGHLAND-LOWLAND CONNECTION: A SYSTEM APPROACH 256 9.8
CONCLUDING REMARK 258
REFERENCE 259
APPENDIX: SITE AND PROFILE CHARACTERISTICS 261
INDEX 291
|
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| spelling | Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela properties and paleographic significance of peats Joseph Alfred Zinck ; Otto Huber, ed. Berlin ; Heidelberg Springer 2011 XVII, 295 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ecological studies Vol. 217 Moor (DE-588)4040195-9 gnd rswk-swf Venezolanisch-Guayana (DE-588)4062511-4 gnd rswk-swf Venezolanisch-Guayana (DE-588)4062511-4 g Moor (DE-588)4040195-9 s DE-604 Zinck, Joseph Alfred 1938-2021 (DE-588)1015425550 edt Ecological studies Vol. 217 (DE-604)BV000004586 217 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024428459&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)4040195-9 (DE-588)4062511-4 |
| title | Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela properties and paleographic significance of peats |
| title_auth | Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela properties and paleographic significance of peats |
| title_exact_search | Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela properties and paleographic significance of peats |
| title_full | Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela properties and paleographic significance of peats Joseph Alfred Zinck ; Otto Huber, ed. |
| title_fullStr | Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela properties and paleographic significance of peats Joseph Alfred Zinck ; Otto Huber, ed. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela properties and paleographic significance of peats Joseph Alfred Zinck ; Otto Huber, ed. |
| title_short | Peatlands of the Western Guayana Highlands, Venezuela |
| title_sort | peatlands of the western guayana highlands venezuela properties and paleographic significance of peats |
| title_sub | properties and paleographic significance of peats |
| topic | Moor (DE-588)4040195-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Moor Venezolanisch-Guayana |
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