Human learning and memory:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2012
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIX, 583 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780521877473 9780521701396 |
Internformat
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| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148391951728640 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES PAGE XIV
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XX
INTRODUCTION 1
HUMAN LEARNING? 2
INTELLECTUALLY STIMULATING 3
ENJOYABLE 4
APPLICATIONS: LINKING THE LABORATORY AND THE REAL WORLD 4
INTEGRATING LEARNING AND MEMORY 5
AIDS TO STUDYING 6
PARTI ) LEARNING
1 SOME BASICASSUMPTIONS 9
IS BEHAVIOR LAWFUL? 10
DETERMINISM VERSUS FREE WILL 11
NEURAL DETERMINISM 12
EXAMPLES OF LAWFUL BEHAVIOR 15
THE FEELING OF FREEDOM 17
EVALUATION 20
HOW SHOULD WE DISCOVER ANY LAWS? 21
INTROSPECTION 21
THE EXPERIMENTAL METHOD 25
THE NATURE OF SCIENTIFLC PROGRESS 28
THE USE OF ANIMALS 30
THE ADVANTAGES OF USING ANIMALS 30
ARE ANIMAL AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR SIMILAR? 32
ETHICAL ISSUES 37
LEARNING AND MEMORY: AN OVERVIEW 38
DEFMING LEARNING 39
ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING 40
MEMORY 42
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
SUMMARY 45
A SUGGESTION FOR STUDYING 46
REVIEW QUESTIONS 46
2 C1ASSICAL CONDITIONING 48
THE ASSOCIATIVE CONTEXT 49
THE REFLEX 49
THE ASSOCIATION 50
PAVLOV S CONDITIONED REFLEXES 52
THE DISEOVERY OF EONDITIONING 52
EXTINETION 57
OTHER PHENOMENA 63
WHAT BEHAVIORS CAN BE CONDITIONED? 66
THE NEED FOR EONTROL GROUPS 67
AUTONOMIE AND SKELETAL RESPONSES 72
CONDITIONING MOTIVES AND EMOTIONS 76
CONDITIONING ERAVINGS 76
CONDITIONING AVERSIONS 80
EVALUATIVE EONDITIONING 84
APPLICATIONS 85
PHOBIAS 85
AVERSION THERAPY 88
SUMMARY 90
REVIEW QUESTIONS 91
3 CONDITIONINGPRINCIPLESAND THEORIES 92
PRINCIPLES OF CONDITIONING 92
CONTIGUITY, FREQUENEY, AND INTENSITY 93
CHALLENGES TO EONTIGUITY 96
SURPRISE! 103
THE RESCORLA-WAGNER MODEL 105
THE MODEL 106
THE MODEL S SUEEESSES 112
THE MODEL S LIMITATIONS 118
EVALUATION 119
ASSOCIATIVE AND COGNITIVE THEORIES 120
CONDITIONING IN ANIMALS 120
A TWO-SYSTEM HYPOTHESIS 124
TWO SYSTEMS IN HUMANS 126
CAUSAL LEARNING 131
TERMINOLOGY 136
SUMMARY 136
REVIEW QUESTIONS 138
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
4 REINFORCEMENT 140
THORNDIKE S LAW OF EFFECT 141
ARE ANIMALS INTELLIGENT? 141
IHE LAW OF EFFECT 142
SOME CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES 143
THE REINFORCER 146
PRIMARY REINFORCERS 146
SECONDARY REINFORCERS 148
SOCIAL REINFORCERS 149
NEGATIVE REINFORCERS 150
DELAY OF REINFORCEMENT 152
RESEARCH WITH ANIMALS 152
RESEARCH WITH HUMANS 154
SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT 158
RATIO AND INTERVAL SCHEDULES 159
A CRIMINALLY SUCCESSFUL APPLICATION 164
MOTIVATION 165
CONTRAST EFFECTS 166
IHE YERKES-DODSON LAW 168
THE ROLE OF THE STIMULUS 170
STIMULUS CONTROL 171
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS 177
A PRELIMINARY APPLICATION 179
SUMMARY 181
REVIEW QUESTIONS 182
5 REINFORCEMENTAPPLICATIONS 184
THREE APPLICATIONS 185
CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR 185
IHE TOKEN ECONOMY 187
AUTISM 188
THE PROBLEM OF MAINTAINING BEHAVIOR 190
IHE PROBLEM OF EXTINCTION 191
IACTICS FOR ENCOURAGING MAINTENANCE 191
HARMFUL EFFECTS OF REINFORCEMENT 193
MORAL OBJECTIONS 194
UNDERMINING INTRINSIC MOTIVATION 195
DETERMINANTS OF UNDERMINING 196
EVALUATION 198
SELF-CONTROL 200
IHE CONCEPT OF SELF-CONTROL 201
SELF-CONTROL TECHNIQUES 203
SELF-REINFORCEMENT 204
IMAGE 4
N~-=J
CONTENTS
DEVELOPING SELF-CONTROL 205
IMPROVING YOUR STUDYING 207
SUMMARY 208
REVIEW QUESTIONS 209
6 PUNISHMENT 210
PRINCIPLES OF PUNISHMENT 211
METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 211
IS PUNISHMENT EFFECTIVE? 213
PRINCIPLES 217
SIDE EFFECTS OF PUNISHMENT 223
FEAR 224
AGGRESSION 227
ALTERNATIVES TO PUNISHMENT 232
REINFORCING GOOD BEHAVIOR 232
USING MINIMAL FORCE 234
SUMMARY 239
REVIEW QUESTIONS 239
7 THEORIESOF REINFOREEMENT 241
ASSOCIATION OR EXPECTATION? 243
THE EMERGENCE OF TWO THEORIES 243
TESTING THE TWO THEORIES 247
THE TWO-SYSTEM HYPOTHESIS 249
IS REINFORCEMENT AUTOMATIE? 252
SUPERSTITION 253
REINFORCEMENT WITHOUT AWARENESS 255
BUT, HYPOTHETICALLY SPEAKING ... 259
CHOOSING A RESPONSE 264
BACKGROUND 264
ESTIMATING PROBABILITY 267
ASSIGNING UTILITY 272
MAKING ADECISION 277
EVALUATION 282
SUMMARY 283
REVIEW QUESTIONS 284
PART11) MEMORY
8 MEMORY:AN INTRODUETION 289
EBBINGHAUS S MEMORY 290
A LOT OF NONSENSE 291
PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT 293
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
~
FROM ASSOCIATION TO COGNITION 295
AN ASSOCIATIVE ANALYSIS 296
ORGANIZATION 297
GRAMMAR 299
SUMMARY 302
AN INFORMATION-PROCESSING FRAMEWORK 303
THE COMPUTER ANALOGY 303
TWO C1UES TO A MODEL OF MEMORY 306
A PRELIMINARY MODEL 308
THE ATKINSON-SHIFFRIN MODEL 308
STS AND LTS 309
CONTROL PROCESSES 309
IMPLICATIONS 310
SUMMARY 313
REVIEW QUESTIONS 314
9 SENSORYAND WORKING MEMORY 315
SENSORY MEMORY 315
FROM FEATURES TO GRANDMOTHERS 316
TOP-DOWN PROCESSING 318
STORING THE EVIDENCE 320
SHORT-TERM MEMORY? 323
TWO STORES OR ONE? 323
STM AS ACTIVATED LTM 325
WORKING MEMORY 327
THE MENTAL WORKBENCH 327
THREE COMPONENTS 329
FROM STM TO LTM 333
LEVELS OF PROCESSING 333
CONSOLIDATION 336
ATTENTION 339
THEORIES OF ATTENTION 340
THE EFFECTS OF PRACTICE 346
CHANGE BLINDNESS 348
SUMMARY 351
REVIEW QUESTIONS 352
10 LONG-TERMMEMORY 354
MEMORY SYSTEMS 354
EPISODIC AND SEMANTIC MEMORY 355
IMPLICIT MEMORY 360
UNCONSCIOUS INFLUENCES 364
PROCEDURAL ISSUES 366
IMAGE 6
XII )
J
CONTENTS
ORGANIZATION OF SEMANTIC MEMORY 370
CONCEPTS 371
SEMANTIC NETWORKS 375
PROPOSITIONS 381
SCHEMAS 385
SCRIPTS 389
A MEANINGFUL SUMMARY 391
SUMMARY 392
REVIEW QUESTIONS 393
11 RETRIEVAL 395
WHY DO WE FORGET? 395
DECAY 396
INTERFERENCE 400
ERASURE OR LOSS? 404
SUMMARY 410
RETRIEVAL PROCESSES 4 I I
MEMORY AS A WAREHOUSE 411
RETRIEVAL CUES 412
INHIBITION 418
A MODEL OF RETRIEVAL: SAM 423
SAM S ASSUMPTIONS 423
SAM S PREDICTIONS 425
MEMORY AS RECONSTUCTION 429
RECONSTRUCTING THE PAST 429
SOURCE CONFUSION 432
REVISITING THE WAREHOUSE 438
SUMMARY 438
REVIEW QUESTIONS 439
12 PRAETIEALAPPLICATIONS 441
MNEMONICS 441
THE METHOD OF IOD 442
THE PEGWORD SYSTEM 443
WHY ARE THEY EFFECTIVE? 444
STUDYING 449
PRACTICE 450
THINK! 452
REVIEW 453
MEMORY AND THE LAW 455
EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY 455
IMPROVING TESTIMONY 461
RECOVERED MEMORIES 465
IMAGE 7
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
PART111) LEARNING ANDMEMORY
13 NEURAL NETWORKS A CONCEPTUAL INTRODUCTION BRAINS AND COMPUTERS NEURAL
NETWORKS
EXPLAINING CONCEPT LEARNING
EXPLAINING LIFE, THE UNIVERSE AND EVERYTHING
CONDITIONING MEMORY LANGUAGE FLYING!
EVALUATION
PROBLEMS BUT. ..
SUMMARY
REVIEW QUESTIONS
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
INDEX
CONTENTS
471
472
477
478 478 479 483
491
491 492 494 496
497 497 500 501
502
504 522
577
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| discipline | Psychologie |
| edition | 1. publ. |
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| isbn | 9780521877473 9780521701396 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XIX, 583 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
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| spelling | Lieberman, David A. Verfasser aut Human learning and memory David A. Lieberman 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2012 XIX, 583 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 gnd rswk-swf Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 s DE-604 V:DE-604 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024416860&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Lieberman, David A. Human learning and memory Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4074166-7 |
| title | Human learning and memory |
| title_auth | Human learning and memory |
| title_exact_search | Human learning and memory |
| title_full | Human learning and memory David A. Lieberman |
| title_fullStr | Human learning and memory David A. Lieberman |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human learning and memory David A. Lieberman |
| title_short | Human learning and memory |
| title_sort | human learning and memory |
| topic | Lernpsychologie (DE-588)4074166-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lernpsychologie |
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