Physics of baseball & softball:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
Springer
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 324 S. graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm |
| ISBN: | 9781441981127 1441981128 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805145074144641024 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Titel: Physics of Baseball Softball
Autor: Cross, Rod
Jahr: 2011
Contents
1 Basic Physies. 1
1.1 Linear Motion. 1
1.2 Trajectory ofa Ball Through the Air. 9
1.3 Circular Motion. 12
2 Batsand Balls. 19
2.1 Introduction. 19
2.2 Typical Propertiesof Batsand Balls. 23
2.3 Bat and Ball Rules. 25
2.4 Bat Performance. 27
2.5 Real Bats and Toy Bats. 28
2.6 Stiffnessof Bats and Balls. 31
References. 35
3 Ball Trajectories. 37
3.1 Introduction. 37
3.2 Typical Ball Trajectories. 38
3.3 Soft vs. Hard Balls. 39
3.4 Air Resistance. 40
3.5 Pressure Difference on a Ball. 43
3.6 Effectsof Spin on the Trajectory. 44
3.7 Pop-Ups. 47
3.8 Effects ofWeather and Altitude. 48
3.9 EffectofWind. 50
Appendix 3.1 Trajectory Equations Without Air Resistance. 51
Appendix 3.2 Measurement of Drag Force . 53
Appendix 3.3 Measurement of Lift Force. 54
Appendix 3.4 Trajectory Equations with Lift and Drag. 55
References. 56
4 Pitching Trajectories. 59
4.1 The Basics. 59
4.2 Some Pitched Ball Trajectories. 60
viii Contents
4.3 The PITCHf/x System. 64
4.4 Curveballs, Fastballs and Other Oddballs. 70
Appendix 4.1 Playing Field Dimensions. 72
Appendix 4.2 Drag and Lift Coefficients. 74
References. 74
5 Pitching Mechanics. 75
5.1 Timing Accuracy Problem. 75
5.2 Physics of Pitching: Without Equations. 77
5.3 Physics of Pitching: With Equations. 79
5.4 Double Pendulum. 81
References. 84
6 Swinging a Bat. 85
6.1 The Basics. 85
6.2 Film ofa Swing. 87
6.3 Effect of a Force Acting on an Object. 89
6.4 Forces Acting on a Bat. 91
6.5 How Big is the Force on a Bat?. 92
6.6 Close Inspection of the Swing in Fig. 6.1. 93
6.7 Rotation of the Bat. 97
6.8 WristTorque. 99
6.9 Rotation Axes Again.100
6.10 Summary of Forces Acting on a Bat.100
References.102
7 Contacting the Ball.103
7.1 Introduction.103
7.2 The Timing Problem.104
7.3 The Height Problem.105
7.4 Predicting the Flight ofa Ball.107
7.5 Stereo Vision.109
7.6 Psychology of Hitting a Ball.111
References.111
8 ElasticPropertiesof Balls.113
8.1 How Does a Ball Bounce?.113
8.2 Contact Time and Impact Force.115
8.3 Impact Force on a Player.116
8.4 How Well Does a Ball Bounce?.119
8.5 Coefficient of Restitution.120
8.6 COR for TwoColliding Balls.122
8.7 Happy and Unhappy Balls .125
8.8 Brick Walls and Peanuts.125
8.9 Bounce Off a Bat.127
Contents ix
8.10 Wood Bats vs. Aluminum Bats.129
8.11 COR vs. Bounce Speed Off a Bat.130
8.12 COR vs. Temperature and Humidity.131
Appendix 8.1 Relation Between COR and Bounce Height.132
Appendix 8.2 Force on a Bouncing Ball.132
Appendix 8.3 Sharing the Elastic Energy.132
Appendix 8.4 Relation Between e and Energy Loss.133
Appendix 8.5 Collision of a Ball with a Mass m2.134
References.136
9 Ball Hysteresis.137
9.1 Introduction.137
9.2 Static Hysteresis Curves.140
9.3 Dynamic Hysteresis Curves.141
9.4 High Speed Measurements.144
9.5 Bounce Models.146
9.6 Two-Part Ball Model.148
9.7 What the Model Teils Us.150
Appendix 9.1 Estimating Dynamic Ball Compression.151
Appendix 9.2 Equations Describing the Two-Part Ball in Fig. 9.7.152
References.153
10 Collisions.155
10.1 The Top Two Rules of Baseball and Softball.155
10.2 Collision Equations.158
10.3 Examples of Collisions.160
10.4 Effective Mass ofa Bat.163
10.5 Bat and Ball Collisions.165
10.6 Ball Speed Calculations.167
10.7 Coefficient of Restitution, e.168
10.8 What Determines the Bounce Factor?.170
10.9 Effective Mass vs. Swing Weight.172
10.10 Summary.174
Appendix 10.1 Derivation of (10.1).176
Appendix 10.2 Derivation of( 10.5).176
Appendix 10.3 Derivation of (10.6).177
Appendix 10.4 Derivation of (10.14).178
Appendix 10.5 Three Section Bat.180
References.181
11 Bat Performance.183
11.1 Introduction.183
11.2 Issues Regarding Bat Performance.186
11.3 Swing Speed vs. Swing Weight.187
11.4 Batted Ball Speed vs. Swing Weight .190
x Contents
11.5 Ball Speed vs. Sweet Spot Location.193
11.6 Bat Performance Factor.195
11.7 ASA and NCAA Performance Tests.196
11.8 Hand-Held Bats.198
Appendix 11.1 COR for a Pivoted Bat.200
References.201
12 Bat Vibrations.203
12.1 Introduction.203
12.2 What is a Vibration?.203
12.3 How Do Vibrations Arise?.204
12.4 Simple Vibration Formula.205
12.5 Overtones.207
12.6 Stiffness of a Uniform Beam.208
12.7 Bat Vibrations.210
12.8 HoopModes.212
12.9 Development of a Vibration.213
12.10 Experiment with aBrass Bar.214
12.11 Vibration Frequency of a Bat .215
Appendix 12.1 Transverse Waves on a Beam.217
References.220
13 The Trampoline Effect.221
13.1 Introduction.221
13.2 Simple Trampoline Experiments.221
13.3 Trampoline Calculations for a Bat.225
13.4 COR vs. Ball Stiffness.229
13.5 Trampoline Effects in a Wood Bat.230
Appendix 13.1 Bounce Off a Clamped Bat.232
Appendix 13.2 Trampoline Model.233
References.234
14 The Sweet Spot ofa Bat.235
14.1 Introduction.235
14.2 The Center of Percussion.237
14.3 Beam Vibrations.242
14.4 Bat Vibrations.242
14.5 Results for an Aluminum Bat.246
14.6 Size of the Sweet Spot.247
References.249
Contents xi
15 Flexible Bat Handies.251
15.1 Introduction.251
15.2 Stiff vs. Flexible Handies.252
15.3 Measurement Technique.253
15.4 Experimental Results.255
15.5 Bat Bending Calculation.259
15.6 Conclusion.259
Appendix 15.1 Formulaforg.260
16 Ball Bounce and Spin .261
16.1 Introduction.261
16.2 Bounce Off a Heavy Surface.262
16.3 Vertical Drop of a Spinning Ball.263
16.4 Bounce Off an Inclined Surface.265
16.5 Slide or Roll or Grip?.268
16.6 Tangential COR.271
Appendix 16.1 Ball Bounce Calculations.273
References.277
17 Ball Spin Generated by a Bat.279
17.1 Introduction.279
17.2 Scattering Experiment.280
17.3 Swinging the Bat at the Ball .284
17.4 Additional Experimental Results .285
17.5 High Speed Results.288
17.6 How to Hit Home Runs .289
Appendix 17.1 Scattering Model.290
References.292
18 Bat and Ball Projects.293
18.1 Introduction.293
18.2 Flight of the Ball.294
18.3 Physical Properties ofa Bat.299
18.4 Impact of a Bat and a Ball.306
References.316
Conversion Factors.317
Index.321 |
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| spelling | Cross, Rod Verfasser (DE-588)118038427 aut Physics of baseball & softball Rod Cross New York [u.a.] Springer 2011 XI, 324 S. graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Angewandte Physik (DE-588)4193885-9 gnd rswk-swf Baseball (DE-588)4144091-2 gnd rswk-swf Softball (DE-588)4181726-6 gnd rswk-swf Baseball (DE-588)4144091-2 s Softball (DE-588)4181726-6 s Angewandte Physik (DE-588)4193885-9 s DE-604 X:MVB text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=3549210&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024402896&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title_exact_search | Physics of baseball & softball |
| title_full | Physics of baseball & softball Rod Cross |
| title_fullStr | Physics of baseball & softball Rod Cross |
| title_full_unstemmed | Physics of baseball & softball Rod Cross |
| title_short | Physics of baseball & softball |
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