Critical thinking: consider the verdict
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston ; Munich [u.a.]
Pearson
2012
|
| Ausgabe: | 6. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 451 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780205158669 0205158668 |
Internformat
MARC
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148348939141120 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
CONTENTS
PREFACE XLLL
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XVII
1 INTRODUCTION
CRITICAL THINKING IN EVERYDAY LIFE 1
PLAY FAIR 2
SEATING AJURY 2
JURY RESEARCH: ELIMINATING OR SELECTING BIAS? 3
IMPARTIAL CRITICAL THINKING 4
ADVERSARIAL CRITICAL THINKING 5
COOPERATIVE CRITICAL THINKING 7
INTERNET RESOURCES 12
ADDITIONAL READING 12
2 A FEW IMPORTANT TERMS
ARGUMENTS 14
STATEMENTS 14
PREMISES AND CONCLUSIONS 16
DEDUCTIVE AND INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS 19
DEDUCTION, VALIDITY, AND SOUNDNESS 21
INDUCTION, STRANG ARGUMENTS, AND COGENT ARGUMENTS 23
1
14
V
IMAGE 2
VI
REVIEW QUESTIONS
INTERNET RESOURCES
ADDITIONAL READING
27
27
27
CUNTENTS
3 AD HOMINEM ARGUMENTS 28
THE AD HOMINEM FALLACY 28
NONFALLACIOUS AD HOMINEM ARGUMENTS 29
AD HOMINEM AND TESTIMONY 31
DISTINGUISHING ARGUMENT FROM TESTIMONY 33
TRICKY TYPES OF AD HOMINEM 41
BIAS AD HOMINEM 41
INCONSISTENCY AND AD HOMINEM 44 PSYCHOLOGICAL AD HOMINEM 47
INVERSE AD HOMINEM 48
ATTACKING ARGUMENTS 49
REVIEW QUESTIONS 54
INTERNET RESOURCES 55
ADDITIONAL READING 54
4 THE SECOND DEADLY FALLACY: THE STRAWMAN FALLACY
STRAW MAN 57
THE PRINCIPLE 0/ CHARITY 58 THE STRAWMAN FALLACY 58
SPECIAL STRAWMAN VARIETIES 63 LIMITS ON CRITICAL THINKING 63
REVIEW QUESTIONS 65
INTERNET RESOURCES 66
ADDITIONAL READING 65
56
5 WHAT S THE QUESTION? 67
DETERMINE THE CONCLUSION 67
WHAT IS THE EXACT CONCLUSION? 68
REVIEW QUESTION 74
6 RELEVANT AND IRRELEVANT REASONS
PREMISES ARE RELEVANT OR IRRELEVANT RELATIVE TO THE CONCLUSION 77
76
IMAGE 3
CONTENIS VII
IRRELEVANT REASON FALLACY 81
THE RED HERRING FALLACY 81
REVIEW QUESTIONS 90
INTERNET RESOURCES 91
ADDITIONAL READING 91
7 ANALYZING ARGUMENTS 92
ARGUMENT STRUCTURE 92
CONVERGENT ARGUMENTS 92 LINKED ARGUMENTS 95
SUBARGUMENTS 96
ASSUMPTIONS: THEIR USE AND ABUSE 109
LEGITIMATE ASSUMPTIONS 109 ENTHYMEMES 111
ILLEGITIMATE ASSUMPTIONS 111
REVIEW QUESTIONS 113
INTERNET RESOURCES 114
ADDITIONAL READING 114
8 THE BURDEN OF PROOF 115
WHO BEARS THE BURDEN OF PROOF? 115
APPEAL TO IGNORANCE 117
THE BURDEN OF PROOF IN THE COURTROOM 117
PRESUMPTION OF INNOCENCE 118 WHEN THE DEFENDANT DOES NOT TESTIFY 119
JURIES AND THE BURDEN OF PROOF 120
U NAPPEALING IGNORANCE 123
REVIEW QUESTIONS 127
INTERNET RESOURCES 128
ADDITIONAL READING 128
9 LANGUAGE AND ITS PITFALLS 129
DEFINITIONS 129
STIPULATIVE DEFINITIONS 130
CONTROVERSIAL DEFINITIONS 131
DECEPTIVE LANGUAGE 131
IMAGE 4
VIII CONTENTS
THE FALLACY OJAMBIGUITY 132
AMPHIBOLY 136
REVIEW QUESTIONS 139
INTERNET RESOURCES 139
ADDITIONAL READING 139
10 APPEAL TO AUTHORITY 140
AUTHORITIES AS TESTIFIERS 141
CONDITIONS FOR LEGITIMATE APPEAL TO AUTHORITY 141
POPULARITY AND TRADITION 148
REVIEW QUESTIONS 154
INTERNET RESOURCES 154
ADDITIONAL READING 154
CUMULATIVE EXERCISES ONE (CHAPTERS 1 THROUGH 10)
11 ARGUMENTS BY ANALOGY
FIGURATIVE ANALOGY 164
DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT BY ANALOGY 165
THE FALLACY OJFAULTY ANALOGY 170 ANALYZING A DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENT BY
ANALOGY 175 DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS BY ANALOGY AND COOPERATIVE CRITIEAL
THINKING 179 THE FALLACY OJA NALOGIEAL LITERALISM 180
CAUTION! WATEH JOTANALOGIES THAT LOOK LIKE SLIPPERY SLOPES! 182
INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS BY ANALOGY 184
156
164
REVIEW QUESTIONS
INTERNET RESOURCES
ADDITIONAL READING
201
202
202
12 SOME DISTINCTIVE ARGUMENTS AND POTENTIAL
PITFALLS: SLIPPERY SIOPE, DILEMMA, AND GOLDEN MEAN ARGUMENTS
SLIPPERY SLOPE 204
SEPARATING SLIPPERY SLOPESJROM STRAW MEN 205 THE SLIPPERY SLOPE FALLACY
206 GENUINE SLIPPERY SLOPES 206
204
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS IX
DILEMMAS, FALSE AND TRUE 211
GENUINE DILEMMAS 212
FALSE DILEMMAS 212
FALSE DILEMMA COMBINED WITH STRAW MAN 216 CONSIDER THE POSSIBILITIES 216
GOLDEN MEAN 220
THE GOLDEN MEAN FALLACY 220 CONSTRUCTING GOLDEN MEAN FALLACIES 220
REVIEW QUESTIONS
INTERNET RESOURCES
ADDITIONAL READING
224
225
225
13 BEGGING THE QUESTION
THE PROBLEM WITH QUESTION-BEGGING ARGUMENTS 226
A NEW AND CONFUSING USE OF BEGS THE QUESTION 227
SUBTLE FORMS OF QUESTION BEGGING 227
SYNONYMOUS BEGGING THE QUESTION 227 GENERALIZATION BEGGING THE QUESTION
228 CIRCULAR BEGGING THE QUESTION 229
FALSE CHARGES OF BEGGING THE QUESTION 231
SELFSEALING ARGUMENTS 231
COMPLEX QUESTIONS 233
226
REVIEW QUESTIONS
INTERNET RESOURCES
ADDITIONAL READING
238
238
238
CUMULATIVE EXERCISES TWO (CHAPTERS 1 THROUGH 13)
14 NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS
NECESSARY CONDITIONS 253
DISTINGUISHING NECESSARY FROM SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS 255
239
253
SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS 256
NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS IN ORDINARY LANGUAGE 256
CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS 258
ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF STATING NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS 259
BOTH NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT 261
IMAGE 6
X
CONTENTS
VALID INFERENCES FROM NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS
MODUS PONENS 267
MODUS TOLLENS 269
267
269 270
FALLACIES BASED ON CONFUSION BETWEEN NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS
269
THE FALLACY OJDENYING THE A NTECEDENT THE FALLACY OJAJFIRMING THE
CONSEQUENT
DETECTING ARGUMENT FORMS 271
REVIEW QUESTIONS
INTERNET RESOURCES
ADDITIONAL READING
277
277
277
15 SCIENTIFIC AND CAUSAL REASONING 278
DISTINGUISHING CAUSA TION FROM CORRELATION
THE QUESTIONABLE CAUSE FALLACY 283
279
287
289
291
THE METHOD OF SCIENCE 286
RANDOMIZED STUDIES AND PROSPECTIVE STUDIES MAKING PREDICTIONS 288
WHEN PREDICTIONS GO WRONG FAULTY SCIENTIFIC CLAIMS CONFIRMATION BIAS
293
SCIENTIFIC INTEGRITY, SCIENTIFIC COOPERATION, AND RESEARCH MANIPULATION
294
REVIEW QUESTIONS
INTERNET RESOURCES
ADDITIONAL READING
297
298
298
16 THE TRUTH, THE WHOLE TRUTH, AND NOTHING HUT THE TRUTH 299
EYEWITNESS TESTIMONY 300
POTENTIAL SOURCES OJEYEWITNESS ERROR 300 JUDGING THE HONESTY OJ A
WITNESS 307
THE WHOLE TRUTH 309
ARE THE PREMISES TRUE? 312
DIGGING JOTTRUTH 312
CONSIDER THE SOURCE 313
REVIEW QUESTIONS
INTERNET RESOURCES
ADDITIONAL READING
314
315
316
IMAGE 7
CONTENTS
CUMULATIVE EXERCISES THREE
(CHAPTERS 1 THROUGH 16)
17 THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT STATISTICS
ALL CHILDREN ARE ABOVE AVERAGE 343
EMPTY STATISTICS 345
FINDING THE APPROPRIATE CONTEXT 345
CAUGHT OFF BASE 346
STATISTICAL APPLES AND ORANGES 346
STATISTICAL HALF-TRUTHS 348
SAMPLE SIZE AND STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE 348 HOW TO MAKE YOUR STUDY
YIELD THE RESULTS YOU WANT 349
XI
318
343
SURVEYS 352
REVIEW QUESTIONS
INTERNET RESOURCES
ADDITIONAL READING
356
356
357
18 SYMBOLIC SENTENTIAL LOGIC 358
TRUTH-FUNCTIONAL DEFINITIONS 358
NEGATION 358
DISJUNCTION 359
CONJUNCTION 360
CONDITIONAL 360
MATERIAL IMPLICATION 361
TESTING FOR VALIDITY AND INVALIDITY 363
PUNCTUATION 366
THE TRUTH-TABLE METHOD OF TESTING FOR VALIDITY 370
THE SHORT-CUT METHOD FOR DETERMINING VALIDITY OR INVALIDITY 374
REVIEW QUESTIONS 387
19 ARGUMENTS ABOUT CLASSES
TYPES OF CATEGORICAL PROPOSITIONS 389
388
RELATIONS AMONG CATEGORICAL PRO POSITIONS 390
VENN DIAGRAMS 391
DIAGRAMMING STATEMENTS 391 DIAGRAMMING ARGUMENTS 396
IMAGE 8
XII
TRANSLATING ORDINARY-LANGUAGE STATEMENTS INTO STANDARD-FORM CATEGORICAL
PROPOSITIONS 407
REDUCING THE NUMBER 0/ TERMS 409
CONTENTS
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ADDITIONAL READING
410
410
CONSIDER YOUR VERDICT COMPREHENSIVE CRITICAL THINKING IN THE JURY ROOM
STATE V. RANSOM 411
JUDGE SCHWEBEL S SUMMATION AND CHARGE TO THEJURY 424
INTERNET RESOURCES 425
ADDITIONAL READING 425
KEY TERMS 427
ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES 433
INDEX 445
411
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:05:43Z |
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| spelling | Waller, Bruce N. Verfasser aut Critical thinking consider the verdict Bruce N. Waller 6. ed. Boston ; Munich [u.a.] Pearson 2012 XVIII, 451 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Critical thinking Verdicts Logic Kritisches Denken (DE-588)4231288-7 gnd rswk-swf Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd rswk-swf Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 s Kritisches Denken (DE-588)4231288-7 s DE-604 V:DE-604 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024387333&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Waller, Bruce N. Critical thinking consider the verdict Critical thinking Verdicts Logic Kritisches Denken (DE-588)4231288-7 gnd Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4231288-7 (DE-588)4002899-9 |
| title | Critical thinking consider the verdict |
| title_auth | Critical thinking consider the verdict |
| title_exact_search | Critical thinking consider the verdict |
| title_full | Critical thinking consider the verdict Bruce N. Waller |
| title_fullStr | Critical thinking consider the verdict Bruce N. Waller |
| title_full_unstemmed | Critical thinking consider the verdict Bruce N. Waller |
| title_short | Critical thinking |
| title_sort | critical thinking consider the verdict |
| title_sub | consider the verdict |
| topic | Critical thinking Verdicts Logic Kritisches Denken (DE-588)4231288-7 gnd Argumentation (DE-588)4002899-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Critical thinking Verdicts Logic Kritisches Denken Argumentation |
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