Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire: (jug Srednego Podonʹja)
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sankt-Peterburg
Filologičeskij Fak. Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Univ. [u.a.]
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Trudy Instituta Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury / Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury
33 Archaeologia varia |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | PST: Kurgan burial grounds of the early srubnaya culture on the Upper Chir River. - In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 178 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9785846509993 9785981876776 |
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| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Kurgan burial grounds of the early srubnaya culture on the Upper Chir River |
| 264 | 1 | |a Sankt-Peterburg |b Filologičeskij Fak. Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Univ. [u.a.] |c 2011 | |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Trudy Instituta Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury / Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury |v 33 | |
| 490 | 0 | |a Archaeologia varia | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148331762417664 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
............................................................................ 6
Глава
I
МАТЕРИАЛЫ: ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА МОГИЛЬНИКОВ, КУРГАНОВ, ПОГРЕБЕНИЙ И ИНВЕНТАРЯ
.......... 7
Глава
II
АНАЛИЗ ПОГРЕБАЛЬНОГО ОБРЯДА И ИНВЕНТАРЯ,
ВЫДЕЛЕНИЕ ХРОНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ГРУПП МОГИЛЬНИКОВ
.................................... 37
Первая группа
................................................................. 37
Вторая группа
................................................................. 40
Третья группа
.................................................................. 42
Покровские признаки первой группы
........................................... 44
Покровско-срубные признаки второй группы
.................................... 49
Срубные признаки третьей группы
.............................................. 51
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
.......................................................................... 55
Список иллюстраций
........................................................... 141
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
........................................................................... 142
Список сокращений
............................................................ 144
SUMMARY
.............................................................................. 145
Приложение
1
В. В. Рогудеев. Погребения эпохи поздней бронзы в верховьях р. Чир
(материалы
2007
г.)
......................................................... 147
Приложение
2
Е.
Ф. Батиева. Антропологические материалы из срубных погребений
междуречья Дона и Чира
.................................................... 162
Приложение
3
£.
Ф. Батиева. Кости животных из срубных погребений
междуречья Дона и Чира
.................................................... 177
SUMMARY
An analysis of the materials presented here allows us to
divide them into three chronologically successive groups of
burial grounds.
The first group comprises cemeteries with Pokrovskaya
cultural features, while the second one includes cemeteries
combining the Srubnaya (Timber-Grave Culture) and Pokrovskaya
traits. Thus we are able to establish similarities for the two
stages, i.e. for both of these cultural groups. The second group
shows a combination of the Srubnaya features which had ap¬
peared already in the first group, with signs which were fading
away but still characteristic of the Pokrovskaya culture.
The third group unites cemeteries with Srubnaya traits where
a faint Pokrovskaya heritage is still present.
Materials from the Upper
Chir
River include the younger
Pokrovskaya complexes as compared with the sites of the same
stage in the eastern part of their area. This fact is explained
by the more peripheral location of the burial grounds that we
studied. On the Upper
Chir
and further to the west and south¬
west the early type of bronze temple pendants, warriors graves
with arms and items of horse-gear (cheek-pieces etc.) and
specific altars made from animal bones are absent. The remains
of food offerings (fragmentary skulls and leg bones or ribs of
sheep) are seldom found here. These have been recorded
11
or
12
times among
62
Pokrovskaya complexes of the first group.
Animal bones (also fragmentary) left from funerary feasts have
been encountered, occasionally together with the remains of
roofing or, less commonly, upon the grave roofings (a sheep
skull, leg bones and two cow skulls, possibly the remainder of
carcasses).
On the Upper
Chir,
like in the more western areas, collec¬
tive burials and ochre staining of skeletons are uncommon,
while grave goods rarely include knives with the serpentine-
and-rhombic terminals of the tangs, bone buckles and insignia
of authority (ornamented bone objects, maces). The Abashevo
features are weaker and rarer in the Upper
Chir
region. In certain
cases, the shapes of pottery and types of their decoration
reflect eastern influences
—
Potapovo and Sintashta.
The three chronological groups of the Upper
Chir
cemeter¬
ies demonstrate similarities in their Pokrovskaya and Srubnaya
expressions. As concerns rites, these include the crouched
position on the left side in the adoration posture, and the
orientation of the skeletons in the Pokrovskaya stage of N,
NE,
E
and occasionally NW, the northern orientation being the
predominant one. In the Pokrovskaya-Srubnaya stage the ori¬
entations
N, NE
and, more rarely, E, dominate. In the Srubnaya
stage, the most common is the eastern orientation, followed
quantitatively by the north-eastern,
andin
single cases north¬
ern and south-eastern ones.
There are three types of pottery among the grave offerings
from all the cemeteries: the profiled shapes (the predominant),
non-profiled jars, and the so-called sharp-ribbed cups. However,
in the Pokrovskaya stage, each type demonstrates considerable
variability in shape as well as in its own specifics of decorations
with the intrinsically free arrangement of the motifs. In the Pok¬
rovskaya-Srubnaya stage and sometimes in Srubnaya, the shape
and ornamentation of the vessel retained the Pokrovskaya traits,
although these are often more faintly expressed. In the Srub¬
naya stage, vessels of each of the three types show more ster¬
eotyped shapes. The features of the Pokrovskaya period
(Abashevo and Sintashta elements, variants of the Pokrovskaya
forms proper, and the free ornamentation) come to naught.
Occasionally, the designs characteristic of the Pokrovskaya-
Srubnaya stage are still encountered. Decoration is present
mostly on the sharp-ribbed vessels and becomes more regular:
the motifs are more rhythmic and more fixedly arranged.
It s also worth noting the character of the changes in
ornamentation retaining the continuity in the development
of the motifs. The motif of a horizontal zigzag, often repeated
in multiple rows at the earlier phase, is present in all groups,
i.e. in all three stages, however it is most common in the first
one. This situation is observed throughout the entire area of
the culture.
Everything mentioned above suggests a notion which is
true for the entire habitat. This supposition is supported by
two figures based on evidence from the Upper
Chir
and some
other regions (Figs.
84; 85).
The horizontal zigzag
—
a typical
Pokrovskaya motif
—
probably served as the basis for the de¬
velopment of the three design motives later characteristic of
the Srubnaya sharp-ribbed vessels:
1)
Single horizontal zigzag,
filled inside with long oblique strokes (Figs.
73, 5; 40,9),
is
converted into standing obliquely hatched triangles (Figs.
84,
1-5; 85,1-9). 2)
The same zigzag, filled with a fringe or
strokes, becomes a parquet
—
hatched triangles alternating
with their apices ortriangles enclosed into each other (Figs.
40,
5; 58, 4; 12, 6; 18, 6; 84,1-6; 85,1-12). 3).
Multiple-row
zigzag, after being ordered, takes the form of standing triangles
(Figs.
28,3; 11,6; 84,1-4; 85,1-11).
The motives acquiring
the rhythm of the Srubnaya stylistics coexisted for a certain
time with the Pokrovskaya vessel shapes and design motifs.
The transformation of the Pokrovskaya sites into Srubnaya
ones, i.e. the development of the sites of the so-called
Pokrovskaya cultural type into the Srubnaya culture, as shown
by the materials from the Upper
Chir,
confirms the evolu¬
tional character of this process, which took place everywhere.
This fact once again proves that the tie between the Pokrovskaya
and Srubnaya sites is a genetic one. This agrees with the notion
145
Э. С. Шарафутдинова, В. Г. Житников. Курганные могильники раннесрубной культуры на Верхнем Чире
that the Pokrovskaya sites are in fact the first and the earliest
stage of the Srubnaya culture. The development of Pokrovskaya
antiquities into Srubnaya ones has been traced through ma¬
terials from the south of the Middle Volga and north-eastern
Azov regions.
It must be stressed that in the course of that process,
the funerary rite developed faster than did ceramics. The shapes
and the ornamentation of the latter (particularly of sharp-
ribbed vessels) retain the Pokrovskaya traits in a number of
Srubnaya complexes. This situation is observed at cemeteries
of the Upper
Chir,
and was clearly noted for the central Volga
region. The same is true for the north-eastern Azov area.
The Pokrovskaya stage (or type), as well as its heritage, are
distinguished primarily through pottery
—
one of the main
indications of an archaeological culture
-
of course taking
into account the other features of the complex.
Based on chronologicalschemes made by Pavel F. Kuznetsov
and
Vadim
S. Bochkarev,
the Upper
Chir kurgans
with the late
Pokrovskaya and Srubnaya materials are dated to the 18th
-Іб 1
centuries B.C. In the present study, it is shown that the most
ancient sites of the beginning of the Late Bronze Age on
the Upper
Chir
belong to the late Pokrovskaya culture.
Such seem to be the features of the Pokrovskaya-Srubnaya
sites of the Upper
Chir,
which is one of the regions of the vast
area
ofthat
culture extending from the Southern Urals and
Orenburg steppes in the north-east as far as the
Seversky
Donets River and north-eastern Azov region in the south-west.
In the subsequent period there was a change in the social
structure of this culture: the significance of the martial trib¬
al nobility decreased. The loss of the martial tribal nobility s
dominating role implies a social devolution. Thus the society
of the people of the Srubnaya culture became more egalitar¬
ian, as suggested by archaeological evidence.
Distinguishing a number of chronological groups of the
Upper-Chir burial grounds reflects the mechanism of cultural
genesis of the Late Bronze Age in the southern part of Eastern
Europe:
1)
Evolutionary development from the Pokrovskaya
cultural type towards the Srubnaya culture took place through¬
out the entire habitat.
2)
This cultural formation, which orig¬
inated in a single large geographical centre (Volga-Urals), was
distributed by its bearers in a definite direction
—
to the west
and south-west.
3)
The evidence from the Upper
Chir
(the south
of the Middle Don
Riverarea),
as wellasfrom other regions of
the habitat confirms the above notions.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Šarafutdinova, Ėlʹza S. Žitnikov, Viktor G. |
| author_facet | Šarafutdinova, Ėlʹza S. Žitnikov, Viktor G. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Šarafutdinova, Ėlʹza S. |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV039522864 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)750798873 (DE-599)BVBBV039522864 |
| era | Geschichte 1800 v. Chr.-1500 v. Chr. gnd |
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| geographic_facet | Mittlerer Don Region |
| id | DE-604.BV039522864 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-10T00:05:26Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785846509993 9785981876776 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-024375309 |
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| physical | 178 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
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| publisher | Filologičeskij Fak. Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Univ. [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Trudy Instituta Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury / Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury Archaeologia varia |
| spelling | Šarafutdinova, Ėlʹza S. Verfasser aut Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire (jug Srednego Podonʹja) Ė. S. Šarafutdinova, V. G. Žitnikov Kurgan burial grounds of the early srubnaya culture on the Upper Chir River Sankt-Peterburg Filologičeskij Fak. Sankt-Peterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Univ. [u.a.] 2011 178 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Trudy Instituta Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury / Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury 33 Archaeologia varia PST: Kurgan burial grounds of the early srubnaya culture on the Upper Chir River. - In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1800 v. Chr.-1500 v. Chr. gnd rswk-swf Kurgan Hügelgrab (DE-588)4128840-3 gnd rswk-swf Balkengrabkultur (DE-588)4344140-3 gnd rswk-swf Mittlerer Don Region (DE-588)4469557-3 gnd rswk-swf Mittlerer Don Region (DE-588)4469557-3 g Kurgan Hügelgrab (DE-588)4128840-3 s Geschichte 1800 v. Chr.-1500 v. Chr. z Balkengrabkultur (DE-588)4344140-3 s DE-604 Žitnikov, Viktor G. Verfasser aut Rossijskaja Akademija Nauk, Institut Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury Trudy Instituta Istorii Materialʹnoj Kulʹtury 33 (DE-604)BV013519965 33 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024375309&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024375309&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Šarafutdinova, Ėlʹza S. Žitnikov, Viktor G. Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire (jug Srednego Podonʹja) Kurgan Hügelgrab (DE-588)4128840-3 gnd Balkengrabkultur (DE-588)4344140-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4128840-3 (DE-588)4344140-3 (DE-588)4469557-3 |
| title | Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire (jug Srednego Podonʹja) |
| title_alt | Kurgan burial grounds of the early srubnaya culture on the Upper Chir River |
| title_auth | Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire (jug Srednego Podonʹja) |
| title_exact_search | Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire (jug Srednego Podonʹja) |
| title_full | Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire (jug Srednego Podonʹja) Ė. S. Šarafutdinova, V. G. Žitnikov |
| title_fullStr | Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire (jug Srednego Podonʹja) Ė. S. Šarafutdinova, V. G. Žitnikov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire (jug Srednego Podonʹja) Ė. S. Šarafutdinova, V. G. Žitnikov |
| title_short | Kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na Verchnem Čire |
| title_sort | kurgannye mogilʹniki rannesrubnoj kulʹtury na verchnem cire jug srednego podonʹja |
| title_sub | (jug Srednego Podonʹja) |
| topic | Kurgan Hügelgrab (DE-588)4128840-3 gnd Balkengrabkultur (DE-588)4344140-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kurgan Hügelgrab Balkengrabkultur Mittlerer Don Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024375309&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024375309&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV013519965 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sarafutdinovaelʹzas kurgannyemogilʹnikirannesrubnojkulʹturynaverchnemcirejugsrednegopodonʹja AT zitnikovviktorg kurgannyemogilʹnikirannesrubnojkulʹturynaverchnemcirejugsrednegopodonʹja AT sarafutdinovaelʹzas kurganburialgroundsoftheearlysrubnayacultureontheupperchirriver AT zitnikovviktorg kurganburialgroundsoftheearlysrubnayacultureontheupperchirriver |