Extractive metallurgy: 3 Processing operations and routes
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London
ISTE
2011
Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2011 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Publisher description Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 352 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781848212923 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148327427604480 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Bd. 3. Extractive metallurgy. Processing operations and routes
Autor: Vignes, Alain
Jahr: 2011
Table of Contents
Preface........................................... xi
Chapter 1. Physical Extraction Operations.................... 1
1.1. Solid-solid and solid-fluid separation operations.............. 1
1.1.1. Flotation................................... 1
1.1.2. Settling under gravity........................... 3
1.1.3. Centrifugation................................ 3
1.1.4. Filtration................................... 4
1.2. Separation operations of the components of a fluid phase........ 5
1.2.1. Condensation................................ 5
1.2.2. Vacuum distillation............................. 5
1.2.3. Liquation................................... 6
1.2.4. Distillation.................................. 8
1.2.5. Extractive distillation........................... 11
1.3. Bibliography................................... 12
Chapter 2. Hydrometallurgical Operations.................... 15
2.1. Leaching and precipitation operations.................... 15
2.1.1. Leaching and precipitation reactors................... 15
2.1.2. Continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)................ 18
2.1.3. Models of leaching and precipitation operations........... 20
2.1.4. Particle-size distribution (PSD) functions............... 21
2.2. Reactor models based on particle residence time distribution
functions........................................ 24
2.2.1. Performance equations for a single CSTR............... 24
2.2.2. Performance equations for multistage CSTRs............. 28
2.3. Reactor models based on the population balance equation model. ... 30
2.3.1. Population balance equation for a CSTR................ 30
vi Extractive Metallurgy 3
2.3.2. Leaching operation............................. 31
2.3.3. Homogeneous precipitation operation.................. 32
2.4. Solvent extraction operations......................... 34
2.4.1. Hydrodynamic behavior of a mixer-settler............... 37
2.4.2. Hydrodynamic behavior of an extraction column........... 37
2.4.3. The performance equation of a batch operation............ 38
2.4.4. The performance equation of a continuous operation in
a mixer-settler.................................... 39
2.4.5. The performance equation for continuous operation in
a column....................................... 41
2.5. Bibliography................................... 43
Chapter 3. Gas-solid and Solid-solid Reactors and Particle
Conversion Operations................................. 45
3.1. Overall presentation of gas-solid and solid-solid reactors........ 45
3.2. Gas-solid reactor hydrodynamic behavior and heat transfer
between phases.................................... 47
3.2.1. Hydrodynamic regimes.......................... 47
3.2.2. Fixed or moving packed beds....................... 49
3.2.3. Fluidized beds................................ 51
3.2.4. Entrained bed (riser)............................ 54
3.3. The performance equations of gas-solid packed-bed reactors...... 55
3.3.1. Gas-solid fixed packed bed reactors................... 55
3.3.2. Gas-solid reactor with cross-flow contacting.............. 58
3.3.3. Shaft furnace (moving packed-bed reactor).............. 60
3.4. The performance equations of ffuidized-bed reactors........... 65
3.4.1. In situ particle conversion......................... 66
3.4.2. Gasification................................. 71
3.5. Solid-solid reactors............................... 73
3.5.1. Rotary hearth furnace........................... 73
3.5.2. Rotary kiln.................................. 74
3.5.3. Multiple hearth furnace.......................... 77
3.6. Bibliography................................... 77
Chapter 4. Blast Furnaces............................... 79
4.1. Overview of blast furnaces........................... 79
4.2. Iron blast furnace................................ 81
4.2.1. Description.................................. 82
4.2.2. Charge and products............................ 85
4.2.3. The phenomena............................... 87
4.2.4. Modeling of blast furnace operation and process control...... 96
4.3. Ferromanganese blast furnace......................... 109
Table of Contents vii
4.3.1. Description.................................. 109
4.3.2. Zones and reactions............................ 110
4.3.3. Mass balances and operating line.................... 112
4.3.4. Heat balances................................ 113
4.4. Zinc blast furnace: the Imperial smelting furnace............. 114
4.4.1. Description.................................. 114
4.4.2. Zones and reactions............................ 116
4.4.3. Mass balances and operating line.................... 118
4.5. Lead blast furnace ............................... 120
4.6. Bibliography................................... 122
Chapter 5. Smelting Reduction Operations.................... 125
5.1. Overview of smelting reduction operations................. 125
5.2. Production of (iron) hot metal by carbothermic smelting
reduction........................................ 126
5.2.1. General considerations........................... 126
5.2.2. Coal packed-bed smelting operations.................. 128
5.2.3. In-bath carbothermic smelting reduction operations......... 130
5.3. Tin and zinc smelting reduction operations................. 139
5.3.1. Tin carbothermic smelting reduction.................. 139
5.3.2. Zinc slag fuming.............................. 142
5.4. Magnetherm process.............................. 146
5.5. Bibliography................................... 148
Chapter 6. Steelmaking Operations......................... 151
6.1. Overview of steelmaking operations..................... 151
6.2. Hot metal pretreatment operations...................... 153
6.3. The hot metal converting operation...................... 154
6.3.1. Oxygen converters and converting operations............. 155
6.3.2. Converting reactions and phases..................... 157
6.3.3. Effects of blowing and lime charging conditions on the converting
operation....................................... 160
6.3.4. Effects of blowing modes on system state at the end
of blowing...................................... 161
6.3.5. Thermodynamic modeling for burden calculation........... 168
6.3.6. Process control of a converting operation................ 172
6.4. Stainless steelmaking operations....................... 174
6.4.1. Converters and processing routes.................... 174
6.4.2. Reactions................................... 176
6.4.3. Operating procedure in a VOD converter................ 177
6.4.4. Operating procedure with an AOD converter............. 178
6.5. Ultra-low carbon steel-making operation.................. 179
viii Extractive Metallurgy 3
6.5.1. Decarburization in a RH-OB converter................. 179
6.6. Bibliography................................... 183
Chapter 7. Sulfide and Matte Smelting and Converting Operations .... 185
7.1. Overview of the operations and processes.................. 185
7.2. Flash-smelting operations and processes.................. 188
7.2.1. Outokumpu flash-smelting process................... 188
7.2.2. INCO flashsmelting process....................... 189
7.2.3. Kivcet process................................ 190
7.2.4. Typical results of modeling and process control............ 192
7.3. In-bath smelting and converting operations in bottom-blown
converters....................................... 195
7.3.1. Basic aspects of submerged gas injection in pyrometallurgical
reactors........................................ 195
7.3.2. Continuous smelting Noranda process................. 196
7.3.3. Matte converting in a Peirce-Smith converter............. 198
7.3.4. Noranda process for secondary converting of copper matte..... 199
7.3.5. Direct converting of lead using the QSL process........... 200
7.4. In-bath smelting and converting operations in top-blown converters. . 203
7.4.1. Hydrodynamics of surface-blown jets.................. 203
7.4.2. Top-blown converters........................... 204
7.4.3. Mitsubishi process............................. 207
7.5. Top-submerged lance (TSL) blown converters: Ausmelt/Isasmelt
process......................................... 208
7.6. Bibliography................................... 213
Chapter 8. Electric Melting and Smelting Furnaces............... 217
8.1. Introduction.................................... 217
8.2. Performance of electric furnaces....................... 220
8.2.1. Electric arc furnaces............................ 220
8.2.2. Electrical resistance (immersed electrodes) furnaces......... 231
8.2.3. PVI diagram and operating modes of a three-phase,
three-electrode electric smelting furnace.................... 233
8.2.4. Induction furnaces............................. 235
8.3. Electric arc melting furnaces.......................... 235
8.3.1. Three-phase, three-electrode UHP-EAFs................ 236
8.3.2. Single electrode direct current arc melting furnace.......... 238
8.4. Electric smelting reduction furnaces..................... 240
8.4.1. General considerations........................... 240
8.4.2. Electrical resistance (immersed-electrode) smelting furnaces.... 243
8.4.3. Open-arc/open-bath smelting furnaces................. 244
8.4.4. Shielded-arc smelting furnaces...................... 246
Table of Contents ix
8.4.5. Submerged-arc smelting furnaces with coke beds ......... 250
8.4.6. Submerged-arc smelting furnace operation for the production
of metallic silicon and ferrosilicon....................... 255
8.5. Consumable-electrode remelting furnaces.................. 257
8.5.1. Electroslag remelting........................... 259
8.5.2. Vacuum arc remelting........................... 260
8.6. Bibliography................................... 261
Chapter 9. Molten Salt Electrolysis Operations................. 265
9.1. Overview of molten salt electrolysis operations.............. 265
9.2. Chloride electrolysis.............................. 266
9.2.1. Magnesium chloride............................ 266
9.2.2. Lithium chloride.............................. 269
9.2.3. Calcium chloride.............................. 270
9.2.4. Aluminum chloride............................. 270
9.2.5. Titanium chloride.............................. 270
9.3. Reduction of alumina by electrolysis..................... 271
9.3.1. Electrolysis cell............................... 271
9.3.2. Electrolytic bath............................... 273
9.3.3. Electrode reactions............................. 275
9.3.4. Thermodynamic and kinetic data..................... 277
9.3.5. Energy balance............................... 279
9.3.6. Drained cathode cell............................ 284
9.3.7. Inert anode cell............................... 285
9.3.8. Electrorefining of aluminum....................... 286
9.4. Electro-reduction of metal oxides and deoxidation of metals
by molten salt electrolysis.............................. 286
9.4.1. Electrochemical reduction of metal oxides............... 286
9.4.2. Electrochemical reduction of titanium dioxide............ 287
9.4.3. Electrolytic deoxidation of titanium................... 289
9.5. Bibliography................................... 289
Chapter 10. Extractive Processing Routes..................... 293
10.1. Features of extractive processing routes.................. 293
10.2. Hot metal, steel and ferroalloys....................... 296
10.3. Aluminum (gallium).............................. 298
10.3.1. Industrial route............................... 298
10.3.2. Alternative aluminum production technologies........... 298
10.3.3. Gallium recovery............................. 299
10.4. Copper and other valuable metals...................... 300
10.4.1. Sulfide-ore processing routes...................... 301
10.4.2. Oxide ore processing route....................... 303
x Extractive Metallurgy 3
10.4.3. Anodic slime treatments and recovery of Au, Ag, Se and Te . . . 303
10.5. Nickel (cobalt)................................. 304
10.5.1. Sulfide ore and matte processing routes................ 305
10.5.2. Oxide ore (laterite) processing routes................. 308
10.6. Zinc (cadmium, indium, germanium, gallium).............. 311
10.6.1. Pyrometallurgical processing route................... 311
10.6.2. Hydrometallurgical processing routes................. 313
10.7. Lead (silver, gold, bismuth)......................... 314
10.8. Tin........................................ 316
10.9. Magnesium................................... 318
10.10. Titanium, zirconium and hafnium..................... 318
10.11. Chromium................................... 321
10.12. Molybdenum and tungsten......................... 321
10.13. Niobium and tantalum............................ 322
10.14. Gold....................................... 323
10.15. Metals belonging to the PGM....................... 324
10.16. Silicon..................................... 324
10.17. Bibliography.................................. 325
List of Symbols...................................... 329
Index............................................ 341
Summaries of Other Volumes............................. 353
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| spelling | Vignes, Alain Verfasser aut Extractive metallurgy 3 Processing operations and routes Alain Vignes London ISTE 2011 Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2011 XVI, 352 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Metallurgical plants Metallurgy Extraction (Chemistry) (DE-604)BV039519903 3 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy1109/2010048941-d.html Publisher description HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024372422&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Vignes, Alain Extractive metallurgy Metallurgical plants Metallurgy Extraction (Chemistry) |
| title | Extractive metallurgy |
| title_auth | Extractive metallurgy |
| title_exact_search | Extractive metallurgy |
| title_full | Extractive metallurgy 3 Processing operations and routes Alain Vignes |
| title_fullStr | Extractive metallurgy 3 Processing operations and routes Alain Vignes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Extractive metallurgy 3 Processing operations and routes Alain Vignes |
| title_short | Extractive metallurgy |
| title_sort | extractive metallurgy processing operations and routes |
| topic | Metallurgical plants Metallurgy Extraction (Chemistry) |
| topic_facet | Metallurgical plants Metallurgy Extraction (Chemistry) |
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