Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston, MA
Thomson/Delmar Learning
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 1st ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | xxiii, 561 p. ill. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 1401815677 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Maxwell, David L. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders |c David L. Maxwell andEiki Satake |
| 250 | |a 1st ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Boston, MA |b Thomson/Delmar Learning |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a xxiii, 561 p. |b ill. |c 25 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Communicative disorders |x Research |x Methodology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Speech therapy |x Research |x Methodology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Communicative disorders |x Research |x Statistical methods | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Satake, Eiki |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804148300484444160 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Research and Statistical
_^ ^ Methods
in Communication Sciences
X and/Disorders
David L M;
Professor, Commu
Emerson College
Boston, M A
Eiki Satake, PI
Associate Professor
|v Emerson College
in, MA
Contents
PREFACE xvii
Chapter 1 History and Philosophy of Science 1
Chapter Outline 1
Learning Objectives 1
History of Scientific Thought 2
Nature of Scientific Thought 3
Scientific versus Nonscientific Knowledge 3
Logic of Science 3
Science and Empiricism 4
Language of Science 5
Operationism 6
Reasons for Scientific Inquiry 6
Testing and Assessing Theories 6
Eclectic Approach to Research 7
Clinical Relevance of Science 9
Evidence-Based Clinical Practice 9
Clinician-Researcher Collaboration 12
The Clinical Scientist 14
Summary 19
Key Terms 19
Self-Learning Review 19
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion 21
Chapter 2 Getting Started: Basic Concepts of Research 23
Chapter Outline 23
Learning Objectives 23
Variables as the Focus of Research 24
Definitions and Types of Variables 24
Introduction to the Types of Research 29
Quantitative Research 29
Qualitative Research 31
VIII CONTENTS
True Experimental Research
Quasi-Experimental Research
Nonexperimental Research
Clinical Research
Applied versus Basic Research
The Scientific Method as a Research Process
Structure and Content of a Research Article
Ethics of Research
Summary
Key Terms
Self-Learning Review
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion
Chapter 3 Selecting a Research Problem
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
Significant Questions Lead to Significant Answers
Origination of a Question
Using the Library
Rationale for a Question
Feasibility of Answering a Question
Pilot Studies
Ethical Issues and Research Problems
Summary
Key Terms
Self-Learning Review
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion
Chapter 4 Reviewing the Literature and Staring
Research Problems
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
Reviewing Research Literature
Writing the Literature Review
Stating the Research Problem
Research Question
Research Hypotheses
Null Hypothesis
Statistical Logic of Null Hypotheses
Conceptual Basis of Null Hypotheses
Case for Personal Probabilities
in Hypothesis Testing
Case Against Hypothesis Testing
Perspectives of Behaviorism
Summary
Key Terms
Self-Learning Review
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion
Chapter 5 Sampling Theory and Methods
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
Choosing a Sample of Subjects
Some Preliminary Concepts and Definitions
Importance of Sampling to Research
Random Assignment versus Random Selection
Types of Populations
Random Sampling Methods
Simple Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Stratified Sampling
Cluster Sampling
Nonrandom Sampling Methods
Consecutive Sampling
Convenience Sampling
Purposive Sampling
Snowball Sampling
Matched Samples
Blocking
Selection Bias and Sampling Error
Minimizing Selection Bias and Sampling Errors
When Bigger Is Better
When Smaller Is Better
CONTENTS
IX
CONTENTS
Statistical Considerations in Selecting a Sample 102
Sampling and the Generalization of Findings 103
Summary 103
Key Terms 104
Self-Learning Review 104
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion 107
Chapter 6 Controlling, Measuring, and Recording Variables 109
Chapter Outline 109
Learning Objectives 110
Controlling Variables 110
Systematic Variance 110
Error Variance 111
Sources of Variance 113
Maximizing Experimental Systematic Variance 113
Minimizing Random and Systematic Errors 114
Specifying Measurements 118
Measurement Utility 118
Reliability of Measurement 119
Types of Reliability 120
Validity of Measurement 126
Definition of Validity 127
Types of Validity 128
Applying Reliability and Validity Measures
to Psychometric Assessment
Measurement Scales
Recording Measurements
Response Frequency
Response Latency
Response Duration
Response Amplitude-Intensity
Summary
Key Terms
Self-Learning Review
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion
Chapter 7 Causal Inferences and Threats to Their Validity
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
Determining Causality
Validity of Research Designs
Internal Validity
Threats to Internal Validity
• Within-Subject Sources of Internal Invalidity
Between-Subject Sources of Internal Invalidity
External Validity
Threats to External Validity
Threats to Statistical Conclusion Validity
Threats to Construct Validity
Summary
Key Terms
Self-Learning Review
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion
Chapter 8 Experimental Designs
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
Ways to Classify Research Designs
Choosing a Research Design: Experimental Methods
True Experimental Designs
Quasi-Experimental Designs
Single-Subject Designs
Preexperimental Designs
Summary
Key Terms
Self-Learning Review
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion
Chapter 9 Nonexperimental Research Methods
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
Case Studies and Case Series
CONTENTS
XI
XII CONTENTS
Cohort and Case-Control Studies
Causal-Comparative (Ex Post Facto) Studies
Survey Research
Steps in Developing a Survey
Interviews
Evaluating Diagnostic Tests
Accuracy of a Diagnostic Test
Measures of Test Accuracy
A Research Example
Summary
Key Terms
Self-Learning Review
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion
Chapter 10 Qualitative Research Methods
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
Qualitative versus Quantitative Research Methods
When Is the Qualitative Approach the
Best Approach?
Observational Methods in Qualitative Research
Participant Observation
Ethical Concerns in Observational Research
Ethnography
Qualitative Research Interviews
Grounded Theory
Phenomenology
Case Study Method
Discourse Analysis
Content Analysis
Analyzing Qualitative Data
Quasi-Statistical Analysis Style
Template Analysis Style
Editing Analysis Style
Immersion/Crystallization Analysis Style
Evaluating Qualitative Research
Evaluating Reliability and Validity
Advancing Trustworthiness Through
Triangulation
Relevance of Qualitative Research to Human
Communication
Summary
Key Terms
Self-Learning Review
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion
Chapter 11 Analyzing Data: Descriptive Statistics
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
Descriptive versus Inferential Statistics
Types of Data
Nominal and Ordinal Data
Interval and Ratio Data
Organizing and Portraying Data
Graphic Displays of Frequency Distributions
Shapes of Frequency Distribution Scores
Central Tendency of Data
Measures of the Center
Variability of Data
Measures of Variability
Describing Relationships and Predicting Outcomes:
Correlation and Regression
Correlation
Regression
Summary
Key Terms
Self-Learning Review
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion
Chapter 12 Analyzing Data: Inferential Statistics
Chapter Outline
Learning Objectives
CONTENTS
XIII
XIV CONTENTS
Probability: The Basis for Statistical Inference 318
Probabilities and Level of Confidence 319
The Bayesian View of Probability 320
Sampling Variability 321
Confidence Intervals 322
One-Sample Case: Testing Hypotheses
for a Single Group 323
Errors and Power in Statistical Inference 327
One-Sample Proportion Test: Inference Concerning
a Single Proportion 328
Two-Sample Case: Testing Hypotheses for Two Groups 329
Unpaired t Test for Independent Samples
Paired t Test for Dependent Samples
Nonparametric Alternatives to Parametric Statistics
Chi-Square Test (x2)
Nonparametric Rank-Order Methods
Multigroup Designs: Testing Hypotheses
for Three or More Groups
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
Multiple Comparison Methods
Other ANOVA Designs and Methods
Randomized-Blocks Analysis of Variance
(RBANOVA)
Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA)
Nonparametric Tests for Multigroup Designs
The p-value Approach in Testing Hypotheses
Meta-Analysis
Complex Statistical Methods
Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
Discriminant Analysis
Factor Analysis
Computer Applications in Statistics
Summary
Key Terms
CONTENTS XV
Self-Learning Review 377
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion 380
Chapter 13 Reading, Writing, and Presenting Research 383
Chapter Outline 383
Learning Objectives 383
The Value of Critical Thinking 384
Catabolic Thinking in Reading Research 384
Anabolic Thinking in Writing Research 387
Research Proposal Outline 387
Funding Research 393
Theses and Dissertations 399
Writing Well 400
Professional Presentations 401
Summary 403
Key Terms 404
Self-Learning Review 404
Questions and Exercises for Classroom Discussion 406
APPENDICES 407
A-1 The Tables 407
Table A-1-1 Standard Normal Distribution 407
Table A-1-2 Student s t distribution 409
Table A-l-3 Chi-Square Distribution 410
Table A-l-4 F Distribution: Values of F ( 05),
Values of F ( 025), and Values off ( 01) 412
Table A-1-5 Critical Values for the Wilcoxon
Signed-Rank Test 418
Table A-l-6 Critical Values for a Mann-Whitney
t/Test 419
A-2 Some Statistical Applications and Questions 421
A-3 Calculation of the Power of a Statistical Test 465
A-4 Evidence-Based Medicine: Calculations
of Various Probabilities with Nomogram 469
A-S Measures of Disorder/Disease Occurrence 475
XVI CONTENTS
A-6 Flowchart for Classical Statistical Approach
versus Bayesian Statistical Approach
in Hypothesis Testing 479
A-7 Partial Listing of Scholastic and Professional
Journals Relevant to the Field of Communication
Sciences and Disorders 481
B Evidence-Based Practice Reference Analysis
Worksheet 485
C N1H Grant Application Forms 489
D Example of Poster Session Presentation 491
E Answers to Self-Learning Reviews 495
GLOSSARY 507
REFERENCES 523
INDEX 529
|
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| spelling | Maxwell, David L. Verfasser aut Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders David L. Maxwell andEiki Satake 1st ed. Boston, MA Thomson/Delmar Learning 2006 xxiii, 561 p. ill. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Communicative disorders Research Methodology Speech therapy Research Methodology Communicative disorders Research Statistical methods Satake, Eiki Sonstige oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0511/2005011595.html Table of contents HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024354987&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Maxwell, David L. Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders Communicative disorders Research Methodology Speech therapy Research Methodology Communicative disorders Research Statistical methods |
| title | Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders |
| title_auth | Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders |
| title_exact_search | Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders |
| title_full | Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders David L. Maxwell andEiki Satake |
| title_fullStr | Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders David L. Maxwell andEiki Satake |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders David L. Maxwell andEiki Satake |
| title_short | Research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders |
| title_sort | research and statistical methods in communication sciences and disorders |
| topic | Communicative disorders Research Methodology Speech therapy Research Methodology Communicative disorders Research Statistical methods |
| topic_facet | Communicative disorders Research Methodology Speech therapy Research Methodology Communicative disorders Research Statistical methods |
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