Pediatric sleep medicine update:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Saunders
2011
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Pediatric clinics of North America
58,3 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI S., S. 543 - 785 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781455704835 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pediatric sleep medicine update |c guest ed. Judith A. Owens ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804147965781082112 |
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| adam_text | Titel: Pediatric sleep medicine update
Autor: Owens, Judith A.
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Preface xv
Judith A. Owens and Jodi A. Mindell
Evaluating Sleep and Sleep Disorders in the Pediatric Primary Care Setting 543
Debra A. Babcock
Sleep is a vital physiologic function. Asking parents about their children s
sleep should be part of every routine physical examination. Evaluating
infants requires an understanding of changes in sleep associated with
developmental stage. Problems with sleep associations may begin in
late infancy and become a major issue for toddlers. Good sleep is crucial
for success in learning for all children. Daytime behaviors in children may
be symptoms of nighttime problems. Adolescents are often chronically
sleep-deprived. Educating parents and their children about the importance
of sleep is an important intervention that over time can help children lead
happier, more productive lives.
Pediatric Insomnia 555
Judith A. Owens and Jodi A. Mindell
Bedtime struggles, delayed sleep onset, and problematic night wakings
are extremely common in the pediatric population, and have a significant
impact on quality of life of both children and caregivers. This article reviews
the research and clinical nosology of childhood insomnia, prevalence, and
etiologic factors in infants, children, and adolescents. Clinical presenta-
tion, evaluation, and treatment, both behavioral and pharmacologic, of
the most common types of pediatric insomnia are presented. Insomnia
in special populations, particularly children with chronic medical, psychiat-
ric, and neurodevelopmental disorders, is discussed. Future directions in
childhood insomnia are presented.
Update on Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing 571
Manisha Witmans and Rochelle Young
Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) includes an increasingly rec-
ognized, highly prevalent, yet still underdiagnosed spectrum of respiratory
disorders, the most common and clinically significant of which is obstruc-
tive sleep apnea. SDB is linked with significant end-organ dysfunction
across various systems, particularly with cardiovascular, neurocognitive,
and metabolic consequences. This review summarizes recent advances
in understanding of pediatric SDB and discusses the challenges inherent
in diagnosing and treating children with SDB.
Restless Legs Syndrome, Periodic Leg Movements, and Periodic Limb Movement
Disorder in Children 591
Jeffrey S. Durmer and Ghazala H. Quraishi
The characteristic symptoms of restless legs syndrome (RLS) have been
known for hundreds of years and were first reported in medicine in the
1600s. Clinicians must consider potential mimics, comorbid, and associ-
ated conditions when evaluating children with RLS symptoms. The tradi-
tional differentiation of RLS from periodic limb movement disorder
(PLMD) is noted in children as well as adults. Because current pediatric
RLS research is sparse, this article provides the most up-to-date evi-
dence-based as well as consensus opinion-based information on the sub-
ject of childhood RLS and PLMD. Prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis,
treatment, and clinical associations are discussed.
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
James K. Wyatt
This article begins with a review of the major central nervous system func-
tional systems that allow for optimal alertness during the waking day, and
the rapid initiation and good maintenance of sleep at night. Subsequent
sections discuss each of the 6 primary circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
Attention is paid to known or suspected pathophysiology, diagnostic crite-
ria and assessment methodology, and treatment options. The article con-
cludes with a discussion of challenges that must be met to improve the
recognition and treatment of these quite impactful sleep disorders.
Sleep in Adolescents: The Perfect Storm
Mary A. Carskadon
A reduction in sleep amount from late childhood through the second
decade has long been known; however, the weight of current evidence
holds that sleep need does not decline across this span. This article will
describe how the loss of sleep through adolescence is not driven by lower
need for sleep but arises from a convergence of biologic, psychological,
and socio-cultural influences.
Cognitive, Behavioral, and Functional Consequences of Inadequate Sleep in
Children and Adolescents
Dean W. Beebe
This article summarizes correlational, case-control, quasi-experimental,
and experimental studies that have examined whether sleep during child-
hood and adolescence is related to daytime functioning. Published find-
ings suggest that inadequate sleep quality and/or quantity can cause
sleepiness, inattention and, very likely, other cognitive and behavioral
deficits that significantly impact children and adolescents in functional
settings. This article then integrates findings from longitudinal studies
within a developmental psychopathology model. Important questions
remain, but evidence supports the integration of sleep screening and inter-
ventions into routine clinical care and also supports advocacy for public
policy changes to improve the sleep of children and adolescents.
A Framework for the Assessment and Treatment of Sleep Problems in Children
with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Penny Corkum, Fiona Davidson, and Marilyn MacPherson
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have high
rates of sleep problems and sleep disorders. It is critical that pediatricians
Contents
assess for sleep problems during the course of ADHD assessment and
when treating children with stimulant medication. Sleep must be consid-
ered in the differential diagnosis and in terms of comorbidity with ADHD.
The most common sleep problem in children with ADHD is insomnia,
and the first line of treatment should be the implementation of behavioral
interventions rather than medication. More research is needed to deter-
mine if children with ADHD respond to behavioral interventions in a similar
manner as typically developing children.
Sleep and Autism Spectrum Disorders 685
Ann M. Reynolds and Beth A. Malow
Sleep disorders are common in children with autism spectrum disorders
and have a significant effect on daytime function and parental stress.
The cornerstone of treatment is to establish the cause of the sleep con-
cern, which is often multifactorial. Identifying and treating sleep disorders
may result not only in more consolidated sleep, more rapid time to fall
asleep, and avoidance of night waking but also favorably affect daytime
behavior and parental stress. Targeting effective treatment strategies is
dependent on understanding the underlying causes of sleep problems in
children with Autism spectrum disorders, therefore further research is
paramount.
Sleep Problems in Children and Adolescents with Common Medical Conditions 699
Amy S. Lewandowski, Teresa M. Ward, and Tonya M. Palermo
Untreated sleep disturbances and sleep disorders pose significant ad-
verse daytime consequences and place children at considerable risk for
poor health outcomes. Sleep disturbances occur at a greater frequency
in children with acute and chronic medical conditions compared with oth-
erwise healthy peers. Sleep disturbances in medically ill children can be
associated with sleep disorders, comorbid with acute and chronic condi-
tions, or secondary to underlying disease-related mechanisms, treatment
regimens, or hospitalization. Clinical management should include a multi-
disciplinary approach with particular emphasis on routine, regular sleep
assessments and prevention of daytime consequences, and promotion
of healthy sleep habits and health outcomes.
Sleep and Obesity in Children and Adolescents 715
Chantelle N. Hart, Alyssa Cairns, and Elissa Jelalian
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update of
epidemiologic studies that have assessed the association between sleep
and obesity risk. Data suggest that short sleep is associated with an in-
creased risk for being or becoming overweight/obese or having increased
body fat. Late bedtimes are also a risk factor for overweight/obesity.
Findings also suggest that changes in eating pathways may lead to in-
creased body fat. Future experimental studies are needed to enhance
our understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which sleep
may play a role in the development and maintenance of childhood
obesity.
Sleep Health Education in Pediatric Community Settings: Rationale and
Practical Suggestions for Incorporating Healthy Sleep Education into
Pediatric Practice 735
Reut Gruber, Jamie Cassoff, and Bärbel Knäuper
This article offers practical ways to incorporate healthy sleep education
into pediatric practice and discusses key questions, barriers, and strate-
gies associated with such efforts. The rationale for incorporating healthy
sleep education in pediatric practice settings is presented, and desirable
features of sleep education programs that may be implemented in pediat-
ric practice are identified. Potential barriers are reviewed and strategies of-
fered to overcome these barriers, such as developing resources applicable
to healthy sleep education and practical information for pediatricians. Key
factors regarding effectiveness of such interventional programs and key
points relevant to successful healthy sleep education in pediatric practice
are highlighted.
Cultural Issues in Children s Sleep: A Model for Clinical Practice 755
Oskar G. Jenni and Helene Werner
Sleep is a human behavior that is driven by biological mechanisms, but
also shaped and interpreted by cultural values and beliefs. The large diver-
sity among societies and cultures may indicate that one optimal cultural
standard for children s sleep behavior does not exist. In pediatric care,
the interplay between children s biological as well as socioemotional
needs and the cultural norms should be carefully considered and evalu-
ated in the context of sleep complaints and behavioral functioning. Recog-
nizing the culture in which children and their families live may eventually
lead to better compliance and higher success rates of treatment
interventions.
Sleep in the Family 765
Lisa J. Meltzer and Hawley E. Montgomery-Downs
Family systems are dynamic, with reciprocal interactions among family
members. When children have sleep problems, they often awaken a par-
ent, affecting parent sleep and subsequent parent daytime functioning.
Child sleep patterns can also be disrupted by parent cognitions related
to the child s sleep, as well as when parents are experiencing external
stressors (eg, work or marital problems). This article focuses on sleep in
a family context, reviewing the relationship between sleep among children
and their parents from infancy to adolescence. Sleep in the family when
a child has a chronic illness or development disorder is also reviewed.
Index 775
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| title | Pediatric sleep medicine update |
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