An introduction to linguistics and language studies:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Equinox
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Equinox textbooks and surveys in linguistics
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XII, 405 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9781845534257 9781845534264 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: An introduction to linguistics and language studies
Autor: McCabe, Anne
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Acknowledgments x¡
An introduction to linguistics and language studies 1
1.1 Ferdinand de Saussure 5
1.2 Noam Chomsky 8
1.3M.A. K. Halliday 9
1.4 Conclusion 12
1.5 References and further readings 14
1.6 Some answers to the exercises 14
A focus on spoken interaction 16
2.1 Speech act theory: Doing things with words 17
2.2 Grice s conversational maxims 21
2.3 Politeness 24
2.4 The lexicogrammar of casual speech 26
2.4.1 Discourse markers 26
2.4.2 Vague language 31
2.4.3 Ellipsis 31
2.4.4 Intonation 31
2.4.5 Intonation patterns 35
2.5 The analysis of talk in interaction (conversation analysis) 36
2.5.1 Background 36
2.5.2 Turn allocation 37
2.5.3 Transcription conventions 40
2.6 Speech sounds 43
2.6.1 Introduction 43
2.6.2 Articulatory phonetics 45
2.6.2.1 Features of consonants in English: Point of
articulation 46
2.6.2.2 Features of consonants in English: Manner of
articulation 48
2.6.2.3 Features of vowels in English 52
2.6.3 Articulatory processes 56
vi AN INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE STUDIES
2. 7 Phonology: Meaningful sounds across languages 59
2.7.1 From speech sounds to meaningful sounds 59
2.7.2 Phonemes and allophones 61
2.7.3 Phonemic tone and length 64
2.8 Further exercises 65
2.9 Chapter outcomes 67
2.10 References and further reading 68
2.11 Some answers to the exercises 70
Analyzing written language 82
3.1 Genre and text analysis 83
3.1.1 Genre 83
3.1.2 Textual patterns 89
3.1.2.1 Narrative 89
3.1.2.2 Problem-solution 92
3.1.2.3 Related patterns 95
3.1.2.4 Lexical signaling 97
3.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics 101
3.2.1 Groups 102
3.2.1.1 Nominal group 102
3.2.1.2 Verbal group 106
3.2.1.3 Other groups 110
3.2.2 Clause metafunctions 111
3.2.2.1 Clause as exchange 112
3.2.2.2 Clause as representation 119
3.2.3 Clause complexes and Simplexes 128
3.2.3.1 Parataxis and hypotaxis 128
3.2.3.2 Embedded clauses 130
3.2.4 Clause as message 131
3.2.4.1 Theme-Rheme: structure and realization 131
3.2.4.2 Thematic patterning 135
3.3 Written and spoken language 141
3.3.1 Generic structure 141
3.3.2 Clause complexes and groups 141
3.3.2.1 Clause as exchange, representation and 143
message
3.4 Chapter outcomes 146
CONTENTS vii
3.5 References and further reading 148
3.6 Some answers to the exercises 149
Language and mind 169
4.1 Morphology: the construction of words 169
4.1.1 What s in a word? 169
4.1.2 Content words and function words 171
4.1.3 Morphemes 172
4.1.4 Morphophonemics 181
4.2 Morphology and syntax 184
4.3 Formal syntax 187
4.3.1 Phrase structure grammar 189
4.3.1.1 Immediate constituent analysis 189
4.3.1.2 Phrase structure rules 190
4.3.2 Transformational generative grammar 193
4.3.2.1 Motivation 193
4.3.2.2 Generative structure 195
4.3.2.3 Transformations 197
4.3.2.4 Structural ambiguity 199
4.3.2.5 Different deep structures 201
4.4 Semantics 203
4.4.1 Sense and reference 203
4.4.2 Semantic relations 204
4.4.3 Componential Analysis 207
4.4.4 Thematic roles 210
4.5 Chapter outcomes 212
4.6 References and further reading 212
4.7 Some answers to the exercises 213
Language change 232
5.1 Introduction 232
5.1.1 Development of human language 232
5.1.2 Tracing language change 233
5.1.3 Loss of world languages 236
5.1.4 Language degeneration... or change? 237
5.2 The ways in which languages change 238
5.2.1 A verv brief historv of Enalish 238
viìi AN INTRODUCTION TO LINGUISTICS AND LANGUAGE STUDIES
5.2.2 Lexical growth and loss 240
5.2.3 Semantic change 247
5.2.4 Sound change 251
5.2.4.1 Individual sounds 251
5.2.4.2 Sound change at word level 254
5.2.5 Morphological change 255
5.2.6 Syntactic change 257
5.2.7 Changes in text and discourse 259
5.3 Why languages change 262
5.4 Chapter outcomes 264
5.5 References and further reading 264
5.6 Some answers to the exercises 265
6 Language variation 271
6.1 Synchronie variation, sociolinguistics, and speech
communities 271
6.2 Dialect and vernacular 274
6.3 Diglossia 276
6.4 Pidgins and Creoles 278
6.5 Sociolect 279
6.5.1 Language variation based on socio-cultural and
economic background 280
6.5.2 Language variation based on gender 285
6.5.3 Language variation based on age 288
6.5.4 Language variation based on occupation/activity 290
6.6 Register 292
6.7 Speech accommodation 297
6.8 Lexical variation 297
6.9 Sound variation 301
6.10 Morphosyntactic variation 304
6.11 Chapter outcomes 306
6.12 References and further readings 307
6.13 Some answers to the exercises 309
7 Language, biology and learning 313
7.1 The brain and language 313
7.2 First lanquaae acquisition 320
CONTENTS
7.2.1 Child language development 320
7.2.2 Critical period hypothesis 324
7.2.3 Theoretical perspective on child language development 325
7.2.4 Bilingual language development 330
7.3 Second language development 331
7.4 Animals and language 333
7.4.1 Bees and dialects 334
7.4.2 Starlings and recursion 334
7.4.3 Apes and human language 336
7.5 Chapter outcomes 339
7.6 References and further reading 340
8 Fields of linguistics 344
8.1 Clinical linguistics, David Crystal 344
8.2 Cognitive linguistics, Dirk Geeraerts 346
8.3 Computational linguistics, Mick O Donnell 348
8.4 Contrastive linguistics, Jorge Arús Hita 349
8.5 Corpus linguistics, Michaela Mahlburg 351
8.6 Critical discourse analysis, Thomas Bloor 355
8.7 Educational linguistics, Frances Christie 358
8.8 Forensic linguistics, Malcom Coulthard 359
8.9 Formal linguistics, Amaya Mendikoetxea 362
8.10 Functional linguistics, Chris Butler 365
8.11 Historical linguistics, Michael Cummings 368
8.12 Psycholinguistics, Amanda Miller 370
8.13 Sociolinguistics, Jeffrey Reaser 372
Glossary 375
Index of Names 395
Subject Index 399
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| spelling | McCabe, Anne Verfasser (DE-588)1129369137 aut An introduction to linguistics and language studies Anne McCabe 1. publ. London [u.a.] Equinox 2011 XII, 405 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Equinox textbooks and surveys in linguistics Linguistik Sprache Linguistics Language and languages Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Linguistik (DE-588)4074250-7 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024148308&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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