Handbook of the economics of art and culture: 1
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Handbooks in economics
25 |
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| Beschreibung: | XXXV, 1321, 42 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780444508706 0444508708 |
| ISSN: | 0169-7218 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of the economics of art and culture |n 1 |c ed. by Victor A. Ginsburgh and David Throsby |
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| adam_text | HANDBOOK OF
THE ECONOMICS OF ART
AND CULTURE
VOLUME
1
Edited by
VICTOR A. GINSBURGH
Brussels, Belgium
and
DAVID THROSBY
Sydney, Australia
AMSTERDAM
·
BOSTON
·
HEIDELBERG
·
LONDON
NEW YORK
·
OXFORD
·
PARIS
·
SAN DIEGO
SAN FRANCISCO
·
SINGAPORE
·
SYDNEY
·
TOKYO
ELSEVIER
North-Holland is an imprint of
Elsevier
CONTENTS
OF
VOLUME 1
Introduction to the Series
v
Contents of the Handbook
vii
Acknowledgements
xi
PART
1 :
INTRODUCTION
Chapter
1
Introduction and Overview
DAVID THROSBY
3
1. Introduction
4
1.1.
Development and scope of the field
4
1.2.
Basic questions
6
2.
Behavior of individuals
8
3.
Behavior of firms and industries
1 ]
4.
Behavior of markets
13
4.1.
Historical aspects
13
4.2.
Present-day art markets and prices
14
4.3.
Legal regulation affecting markets
15
5.
Arts and culture in the economy
16
5.1.
Culture in economic performance 1
7
5.2.
Cultural policy
17
5.3.
Some specific policy areas
19
6.
Conclusions
21
References
21
PART
2:
HISTORY
Chapter
2
Art and Culture in the History of Economic Thought
CRAUFURD GOODWIN
25
Abstract
26
Keywords
27
1.
Introduction
28
2.
The earliest years
29
2.1.
Art and culture as luxury, waste and dissipation
29
2.2.
Early reflections on price, patronage and externalities
3 1
Contents
uf
Volume I
w
3.
The eighteenth century: Imitation and imagination in the Enlightenment
33
3.1.
David Hume
-
3.2.
Anne Robert Jacques
Turgot
->**
3.3.
Adam Smith
^7
4.
Classical economics: The shadow of
Bentham
41
до
5.
Humanist critics 4O
5.1.
Matthew Arnold
49
5.2.
John
Ruskin
50
5.3.
William Morris
52
6.
The marginal revolution
53
6.1.
The
marginalists
treatment of arts and culture
53
6.2.
Alfred Marshall
54
6.3.
William Stanley Jevons
54
6.4.
Lionel Robbins
58
7.
The arts in American economics
59
8.
Keynes and the Bloomsbury Group
61
8.1.
The arts in human life
61
8.2.
The character of the artistic experience
62
8.3.
The arts in society
63
8.4.
Artmärkets
63
8.5.
Policy reform
64
9.
Conclusion
66
References
66
Chapter
3
The History of Art Markets
NEIL
DE MARCHI
AND HANS J. VAN MIEGROET
69
Abstract
70
Keywords
70
1.
Approach, focus and scope
71
2.
Early local art markets, primary and resale
72
2.1.
Forms of exchange
72
2.2.
The primary market in
15th-century
Florence
73
2.3.
Florentine estate sales: Early specialization among second-hand dealers
76
2.4.
The primary market in
15th-century
Bruges: Scale; foreign demand; artistic emulation
77
2.5.
Wealth, and the ownership of paintings: Florence versus Amsterdam
84
3.
Distributing paintings across markets
86
3.1.
The
panden
in 15th- and
16th-century
Antwerp
86
3.2.
Dealer-led incursions into Paris, and to Dutch cities
90
3.3.
The market in Holland as a network
93
3.4.
Trading in paintings: The traffic from Antwerp to New Spain, via Seville,
с
1540-1670 95
4.
Selling paintings I: Artist-dealer relations
97
4.1.
Securing payment for invention
97
Contents
of
Volume 1
xv
4.2.
Selling paintings in Venice and Rome
99
5.
Selling paintings II: Auctions
104
5.1.
Dutch auctions in Amsterdam
104
5.2.
Magistrate-imposed rules for transparent auctions in
17th-century
Lille
104
5.3.
Auctioneer-contrived rules, London, late 17th century
106
5.4.
Creating value through auctions: The dealer Gersaint in Paris,
1733-1750 107
6.
Coda
108
7.
Some developments since
1750 112
Appendix A
114
A.I. Number of painters per
000
of population, by city,
1470-1764 114
A.
2.
Sources and methods
115
References
116
Chapter
4
The Evolution of Music Markets
F.M. SCHERER
123
Abstract
124
Keywords
124
1.
Introduction
125
2.
The evolution of music performance venues
125
2.1.
Church support
126
2.2.
Support from noble courts
127
2.3.
The rise of private sector support
129
3.
A quantitative perspective
130
3.1.
Building human capital
133
3.2.
National differences
134
4.
Music publishing and intellectual property
136
5.
The popularization of musical culture
138
References
142
PART3: VALUE
Chapter
5
Defining Cultural and Artistic Goods
ROGER MCCAIN
147
Abstract
148
Keywords
148
1.
Introduction
149
2.
Definitional issues
150
2.1.
Culture
150
2.2.
Economic and non-economic values
150
2.3.
Cultural value
152
2.4.
Provenance
154
„..:
Contents of
Volumi·
I
AVI
2.5.
Artistic value
■ -
3.
Creativity
^6
3.1.
Simon on creativity
->6
3.2.
Generative linguistics
3.3.
Creativity in consumption I
60
4.
Implications for consumers of art
161
4.1.
Learning-by-consuming
161
4.2.
Artistic goods as stimulus goods
163
4.3.
Intellectual property
164
5.
Conclusion
164
References
165
Chapter
6
Value and the Valuation of Art in Economic and Aesthetic Theory
MICHAEL HUTTER AND RICHARD SHUSTERMAN
169
Abstract
170
Keywords
170
1.
Premodern
theories
171
2.
Art in early subjectivist theories
174
3.
Art in 19th century economics and aesthetics
183
4.
Art in economic theory until the
1
970s
187
5.
Art in aesthetics until the
1990s 189
6.
Varieties of artistic external effects in contemporary economics
193
7.
Varieties of artistic value in contemporary aesthetics, and their economic
valuation
197
8.
The logic of aesthetic and economic evaluation
201
References
205
PART
4:
LEGAL ISSUES
Chapter
7
The Economic Analysis of Art Law
WILLIAM M.
LANDES
AND DANIEL B.
LEVINE
211
Abstract
212
Keywords
212
1.
Introduction
213
2.
Copyright and trademark issues
213
2.1.
The basic law and economics of copyright
21 3
2.2.
Copyright protection for visual art
216
2.3.
Appropriation art
217
2.4.
What is an unlawful adaptation of a work of art ?
221
2.5.
The appropriation of style and trade dress
222
3.
Moral rights
224
Contents
of
Volume 1
xv¡j
3.1. Thestatute 224
3.2.
The economics of moral rights
226
3.3.
The cases
228
4.
Resale royalties
232
5.
Resolving disputes over ownership of art
234
5.1.
Introduction
234
5.2.
The disputes
235
5.3.
The cases
237
6.
Art market: Contract and authenticity issues
239
6.1.
Introduction
239
6.2.
Authenticity and the law
240
7.
Estate issues
244
7.1.
Introduction
244
7.2.
Estate valuation
244
7.3.
Estate management: The doctrine of
су
pres
and administrative deviation
248
References
250
Chapter
8
Copies of Artworks: The Case of Paintings and Prints
FRANÇOISE
BENHAMOU AND VICTOR GINSBURGH
253
Abstract
254
Keywords
254
1.
Introduction
255
2.
Forgeries, copies, and reproductions. Definitions and boundaries
256
2.1.
Copies and fakes
256
2.2.
Copies and originals
257
2.3.
Copies and reproductions
258
3.
Artists and their patrons
259
3.1.
The demand for copies
260
3.2.
A change in the status of copies
261
4.
Markets for prints
263
5.
Markets for paintings
265
6.
Copies and art historians. A renewal of interest?
270
7.
Regulating the market for copies
273
7.1.
An unstable regulatory framework in museums. The case of the Louvre
273
7.2.
The legal definition of originality
275
7.3.
Public and non-public domain
277
7.4.
Copies as copyrightable goods ?
278
8.
Concluding comments
279
Appendix A Copies and originals sold at auction
1684-1999 280
A.I. Period
1684-1725 280
A.2. Period
1801-1810 280
A.3. Period
1890-1900 281
A.4.
Period
1976-1999
Contents
of Volume
!
281
References
281
Chapter
9
Copyright, Art and Internet: Blessing the Curse?
PATRICK
LEGROS
285
Abstract
286
Keywords
286
1.
Introduction
287
2.
The example of
МРЗѕ
and software
290
3.
A market for works of art
296
3.1.
Appropriability: Competition
299
3.2.
Appropriability: Market power
301
4.
Issues and conclusion
304
References
306
Chapter
10
Censorship versus Freedom of Expression in the Arts
TUN-JEN CHIANG AND RICHARD A. POSNER
309
Abstract
310
Keywords
310
1.
Introduction
311
2.
History
311
2.1.
Censorship in ancient times
311
2.2.
Censorship in Christian Europe
3 12
2.3.
Censorship in the East
316
2.4.
Morality and art in the nineteenth century
317
2.5.
Censorship in the twentieth century
320
2.6.
Censorship of film
322
3.
Analysis: Offensiveness, artistic merit, and the law of freedom of expression
326
3.1.
The problem of objectivity
326
3.2.
The law
330
References
333
PART
5:
CULTURE AND THE ECONOMY
Chapter
11
The Arts in the New Economy
WILLIAM J.
BAUMÖL 339
Abstract
340
Keywords
340
1.
Introduction
341
2.
Technical innovation and its effects on the arts
342
Contents
of
Volume 1 xix
2.1.
Artistic creation and modern art
342
2.2.
Dissemination
343
2.3.
Preservation
346
2.4.
Funding problems and the cost disease
346
3.
Pricing issues for the arts in the new economy
348
3.1.
Repeatedly sunk costs and pricing problems
348
3.2.
Pricing under copyright and compensation of creative activity
351
3.3.
Efficient component-pricing
353
4.
Other problems contributed by the mass media
355
4.1.
Superstars
355
4.2.
Contraction of secondary performance venues
356
5.
Concluding comment
357
References
357
Chapter
12
Culture and Economic Performance
MARK CASSON
359
Abstract
360
Keywords
360
1.
Introduction
361
2.
Basic concepts and definitions
363
2.1.
The definition of culture: Culture as a public good
363
2.2.
Cultural diversity
364
2.3.
Stereotypes
366
2.4.
Culture as an asset
366
2.5.
A typology of social groups
367
3.
Towards an economic theory of culture
368
3.1.
Leadership
369
3.2.
Competition between groups
369
3.3.
The changing nature of competition between leaders
372
4.
Key dimensions of culture
373
4.1.
Four main dimensions of cultural variation
373
4.2.
Trade-offs involved in a high-performance culture
377
4.3.
Refining the dimensions of culture
378
5.
Method and history
389
5.1.
Methodological issues in modeling culture
389
5.2.
Historical perspectives
391
6.
Conclusion
394
References
395
Chapter
13
Culture and Economic Development
PAUL
STREETEN
399
Contents of Volume I
Abstract 40i)
Keywords
1.
Culture in development thought
401
2.
Diversity
402
3.
The role of conflict
404
4.
Globalization, development and culture
405
5.
Tourism and development
407
6.
Summary and conclusions
409
References
412
PART
6:
CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION
Chapter
14
Empirical Studies of Demand for the Performing Arts
BRUCE A. SEAMAN
415
Abstract
416
Keywords
416
1.
Introduction
417
2.
What do we know about arts audiences?
419
2.1.
Audience profiles
419
2.2.
Age
420
2.3.
Education and income
421
3.
An overview of econometric performing arts demand studies
423
4.
Price and income elasticities
424
4.1.
Price elasticity differences by level of aggregation
424
4.2.
Conceptual issues in interpreting the price elasticity results
428
4.3.
Income elasticity differences by level of aggregation
431
5.
The modeling problem: Single versus simultaneous equations
432
5.1.
Moore: The demand for Broadway theater tickets
( 1966) 433
5.2.
Withers: Unbalanced growth and the demand for the performing arts: An econometric
analysis
(1980) 434
5.3.
Luksetich and
Lange: A
simultaneous model of nonprofit symphony orchestra behavior
(1995) 437
6.
The multicollinearity problem: Education versus income
439
7.
The taste cultivation problem and human capital: Habit formation, learning-
by-consuming and rational addiction
441
7.1.
Habit formation
442
7.2.
Learning by consuming
443
7.3.
Rational addiction
447
8.
The product and geographic market problem: Substitutes and complements
449
9.
The product quality problem
453
9.1.
Modeling quality
453
9.2.
Studies using objective quality criteria
455
Contents
of
Volume
I xx¡
9.3.
Studies using subjective quality assessments
457
9.4.
An extended model
458
10.
The role of socioeconomic factors versus life-style determinants of arts
demand
459
10.1.
Lifestyle determinants
459
10.2.
Racial differences
461
10.3.
Sexual orientation
462
11.
Data problems
463
12.
Conclusions
465
References
467
Chapter
15
Nonprofit Firms in the Performing Arts
ARTHUR
С
BROOKS
473
Abstract
474
Keywords
474
1.
Introduction
475
2.
Nonprofit performing arts firms: Basic facts
477
3.
Why are there performing arts nonprofits?
480
3.1.
The demand for nonprofit activity
480
3.2.
The objectives of nonprofit firms
482
4.
Performing arts production and cost
484
4.1.
Inputs to production
484
4.2.
Production functions
485
4.3.
Output decisions
487
5.
The cost disease
489
6.
Revenues of performing arts firms
493
6.
J
.
Earned revenues
494
6.2.
Donated revenues
495
6.3.
Fundraising innovations
497
6.4.
Government funding
498
7.
Summary and future research directions
500
References
502
Chapter
16
Creativity and the Behavior of Artists
WILLIAM D.A. BRYANT AND DAVID THROSBY
507
Abstract
508
Keywords
508
1.
Introduction
509
2.
Definitions of creativity
510
3.
Theories and models of creativity
511
4.
Creativity in economic behavior
513
■ ·
Contents
oj
Volume I
5.
Modeling the creative process in the arts
514
6.
Game theory, optimization and artistic creativity
516
6.1.
Agame
against financiers
->
6.2.
A creative optimization decision -1
7.
Creativity, talent and artistic output: Some empirical evidence
521
8.
Conclusions
527
References
527
PART
7:
CULTURAL INDUSTRIES
Chapter
17
Organization of Arts and Entertainment Industries
RICHARD E. CAVES
533
Abstract
534
Keywords
534
1.
Introduction: Organization and contracts in creative industries
535
2.
Simple creative goods
537
2.1.
Supply and returns on investment
538
2.2.
Organizing supply of creative goods
539
2.3.
Prevalence of option contracts
541
2.4.
Agents and matchmakers
543
2.5.
Agency and intermediation
545
2.6.
Internal organization of gatekeeping firms
547
3.
Structures and contracts in complex creative industries
549
3.1.
Integration and disintegration
549
3.2.
Contracts for complex creative goods
552
3.3.
Vertically differentiated talents
553
3.4.
Distributing complex creative goods
554
3.5.
Structures of creative industries
555
3.6.
Multi-activity firms in creative
industries
558
4.
Role of non-profit enterprise
560
4.1.
Non-profits and governance in creative industries
560
4.2.
Two-part pricing in practice: The donor-supported non-profit organization
561
5.
Conclusions
562
References
564
Chapter
18
The Media and Advertising: A Tale of Two-Sided Markets
SIMON P. ANDERSON AND JEAN J. GABSZEWICZ
567
Abstract
568
Keywords
568
1.
Introduction
569
2.
Background
572
Contents
of Volume l
тат
2.1.
Conceptual background
572
2.2.
Statistical background
574
2.3.
Platform competition
579
3.
The model ingredients
581
3.1.
Viewers and readers
581
3.2.
Advertisers
583
3.3.
Platforms
586
4.
Equilibrium
587
4.1.
Short-run equilibrium with advertising
587
4.2.
Short-run equilibrium with pricing
590
4.3.
Short-run equilibrium with pricing and advertising
591
4.4.
Long-run equilibrium (free entry)
593
5.
Welfare analysis
594
6.
Product selection: Choosing program type
596
7.
Press concentration and advertising
599
8.
Conclusions
603
Acknowledgement
606
Appendix A
606
References
610
Further reading
613
Chapter
19
The Movies
ARTHUR
DE VANY 615
Abstract
617
Keywords
617
1.
Introduction
618
2.
The essential economics of motion pictures
623
2.1.
Nobody knows
623
2.2.
Discovering demand
624
2.3.
Adapting supply
624
2.4.
Pricing films
625
2.5.
The rental contract
627
2.6.
Pricing hits
627
2.7.
Clearances
628
2.8.
The distribution fee
629
3.
A brief history of motion pictures
630
3.1.
The feature motion picture
630
3.2.
The emergence of vertical integration
632
3.3.
The Paramount litigation
632
3.4.
Contracts and practices
633
3.5.
The legacy of Paramount
635
4.
Graduate movie economics: The stable Paretian hypothesis
637
Contents
of
Volume 1
4.1.
Estimating stable
Paretian
parameters w- y
4.2.
Laws of the box office
4
4.3.
Laws of production and cost
&*
4.4.
Laws of profit
653
4.5.
Stochastic market structure 6~>O
4.6.
Pricing talent
657
4.7.
Decisions: Greenlighting, bias, and sure things
6ЬУ
5.
Conclusion 660
Appendix A
661
References
664
Chapter
20
Rockonomics: The Economics of Popular Music
MARIE CONNOLLY AND ALAN
В
.
KRUEGER
667
Abstract
668
Keywords
668
1.
Introduction
669
2.
The players
670
2.1.
Contracts
673
3.
Some theoretical issues regarding concert pricing
675
4.
Concert industry trends
676
4.1.
Trends in prices
677
4.2.
Shows, sales and revenues
682
4.3.
Distribution of revenues
684
4.4.
Explanations:
Baumöl
and Bowen s disease; cartelization; Bowie theory
685
5.
Ticket distribution and scalping
688
5.1.
Scalping: Theoretical issues
688
5.2.
Evidence on scalping
689
5.3.
Scalping and price trends
690
6.
Rankings
691
7.
Superstar effects
695
8.
The world of radio broadcasting
697
8.1.
Royalties from performing rights
697
8.2.
Music publishing in the US
701
8.3.
Foreign markets
701
8.4.
Payola
702
8.5.
Digital recordings in the Internet era
706
9.
File sharing and other new technologies
707
9.1.
Intellectual property issues
708
9.2.
Does file sharing lower CD sales? Preliminary considerations
709
9.3.
Empirical studies
711
9.4.
Searching for a new business model
714
9.5.
New business practices
715
Contents
of
Volume 1 xxv
10.
Conclusion
715
References
7
j
6
Chapter
21
The Economics of Books
MARCEL CANOY, JAN
С
VAN OURS AND FREDERICK VAN
DER PLOEG
721
Abstract
722
Keywords
722
1.
Introduction
723
2.
Cross-country statistics and trends
724
2.1.
General overview
724
2.2.
A closer look at book reading
726
2.3.
Producing books and selling them
729
3.
The characteristics of the book market
734
3.1.
Perspective from industrial organisation
734
3.2.
Differentiated products and uncertain prospects
735
3.3.
Other characteristics of books
736
3.4.
Authors, publishers, retailers and readers
737
3.5.
Books and culture
741
, 3.6.
Grounds for government intervention
742
4.
A critical appraisal of fixed book price agreements
743
4.1.
Welfare analysis
744
4.2.
Retail price maintenance may increase non-price competition
747
4.3.
Imperfect competition: Is the cross-subsidy argument valid?
747
4.4.
Fixed book price policies
749
5.
Other public policies
751
5.1.
Stimulating demand: Lower value-added tax
751
5.2.
Stimulating supply: Prizes and grants for writers and subsidies for bookshops
751
5.3.
Make reading cheap: Public libraries
752
5.4.
Bringing the pieces
ofinformation
together
753
6.
Concluding remarks
756
Acknowledgements
759
References
759
PART
8:
LABOR MARKETS
Chapter
22
Artistic Labor Markets: Contingent Work, Excess Supply and Occupational Risk
Management
PIERRE-MICHEL
MENGER
765
Abstract
766
Keywords
766
1.
Introduction
767
vv„;
Contents of Volume I
1.1.
A steady growth in numbers of artists
D
1.2.
Definitional issues and methodological caveats
770
2.
Employment status and careers
771
3.
The rationales of occupational choice and risky careers
775
4.
Talent, tournaments and the manufacturing of inequalities
779
4.1.
Talent
779
4.2.
Teams
781
4.3.
Tournaments
°
5.
The excess supply of artists
782
5.1.
Causes of excess supply loL
5.2.
Agglomeration and congestion icA
5.3.
Monopolistic competition oO
6.
Remedies to excess supply? Creative prospects and chances
of self-actualization
789
7.
Managing the risks of the trade
794
8.
Collective action and public support in occupational risk management
797
9.
Art as a model for creativity-enhanced work in advanced societies?
800
10.
Summary and conclusion
805
References
806
Chapter
23
Artists Careers and Their Labor Markets
NEIL
O. ALPER
AND GREGORY H. WASSALL
813
Abstract
814
Keywords
814
1.
Introduction
815
2.
A classification scheme for studies of artists careers
815
3.
Empirical studies of artists careers
818
3.1.
Careers but not panel
818
3.2.
Surveys via retrospection
819
3.3.
Quasi-panels
822
3.4.
True panel data
825
4.
An empirical investigation of artists in the US:
1940-2000 827
4.1.
Using census data
828
4.2.
Size and growth of the artist profession:
1940-2000 831
4.3.
Labor supply and labor market characteristics
832
4.4.
Earnings, calculated wage rates, and earnings variability
836
4.5.
Earnings functions
841
5.
US artists careers:
1979-1998 847
5.1.
Flow and tenure
848
5.2.
The start
849
5.3.
The transition
850
5.4.
The leavers
852
Contents
of
Volume
1 xxvii
5.5.
The post-artist period g54
6.
Summary, conclusions and future research
856
Appendix A
858
References
858
Further reading
861
Chapter
24
Human Capital and Artists Labour Markets
RUTH TOWSE
865
Abstract
866
Keywords
866
1.
Introduction
867
2.
The theory of human capital
868
2.1.
The basic theory
868
2.2.
Sorting models
870
3.
Earnings functions
871
3.1.
Estimation
871
3.2.
Artists earnings functions
873
3.3.
Methodological aspects
875
4.
Superstars, talent and creativity
876
5.
Artists training and occupational choice
879
5.1.
Expected income
879
5.2.
The role of training
880
5.3.
Does the human capital model explain artists training decisions?
883
6.
Human capital, social capital, cultural capital and their implications for
training artists
884
7.
Human capital theory, copyright law and reproducibility
888
8.
Conclusion
890
References
892
Chapter
25
Stardom and Talent
MOSHE ADLER 895
Abstract
896
Keywords
896
1.
Theories of superstardom
897
1.1.
Why does superstardom occur?
897
1.2.
The emergence of superstars
898
1.3.
The efficiency of stardom
899
2.
Superstars and other artists
901
2.1.
Are there too many artists?
901
2.2.
Superstardom and the psychic income of artists
902
2.3.
Government policy and the optimal number of artists
902
xxviii Contents of Volume
1
3.
Empirical testing of superstardom theories
903
3.1.
Testing superstardom in the arts
-
3.2.
Testing superstardom in sports ^
4.
Conclusion
905
References
905
PART
9:
AUCTIONS AND PRICES
Chapter
26
Art Auctions
ORLEY ASHENFELTER AND KATHRYN GRADDY
909
Abstract
910
Keywords
910
1.
Introduction
911
1.1.
The mechanics of art auctions
91
¿
2.
The price of art
914
2.1.
Art price indices
914
2.2.
The life cycle of an artist
925
2.3.
The law of one price
926
3.
The auction mechanism and the price of art
928
3.1.
Competition (or collusion) between auction houses
929
3.2.
Role of estimates and experts
931
3.3.
Is there evidence that paintings are burned?
933
3.4.
Sales rates and reserve prices
935
3.5.
Why secret reserve prices?
937
3.6.
The declining price anomaly
938
4.
Conclusion
941
Appendix A
941
References
942
Chapter
27
The Computation of Prices Indices
VICTOR GINSBURGH, JIANPING
MEI
AND MICHAEL MOSES
947
Abstract
948
Keywords
948
1.
Introduction
949
2.
Hedonic and repeat-sales estimators: A first approach
951
2.1.
The hedonic estimator
952
2.2,
The repeat-sales estimator
954
3.
Hedonic, repeat-sales and other estimators: Further issues
957
3.1.
Rosen s interpretation of hedonic models
957
3.2.
Issues with hedonic indexing
958
3.3.
Functional form of the hedonic function
959
Contents
of
Volume
1
xx¡x
3.4.
Hedonic characteristics for artworks
960
3.5.
Other repeat-sales estimators
963
3.6.
Combining repeat-sales and hedonic estimators
963
3.7.
Other estimators
964
4.
Developing hedonic and repeat-sales models: Data acquisition
965
5.
Comparing hedonic and repeat-sales estimation
966
5.1.
The pros and the cons of both types of indices
966
5.2.
The literature on comparing indices
967
5.3.
Comparing hedonic and repeat-sales estimation: Some Monte-Carlo experimentation
968
5.4.
Comparing three GLS estimators for repeat-sales estimation
973
Appendix A Studies on returns
973
References
974
PART
10:
HERITAGE
Chapter
28
Cultural Heritage: Economic Analysis and Public Policy
ILDE
RIZZO
AND DAVID THROSBY
983
Abstract
984
Keywords
984
1.
Introduction
985
2.
Heritage as capital asset
986
3.
Cultural capital, natural capital and sustainability
988
3.1.
Natural and cultural capital: Some similarities
988
3.2.
Sustainability paradigms
989
3.3.
Sustainability of cultural capital
991
4.
Investment appraisal procedures applied to cultural heritage projects
995
4.1.
Cost-benefit analysis applied to heritage decisions
995
4.2.
Estimation of the non-market benefits of heritage
996
4.3.
Cost-benefit analysis and cultural value
998
5.
Public intervention in heritage markets
999
6.
Public-choice approach to heritage decision-making
1002
7.
Devolution in the formation and implementation of heritage policy
1005
7.1.
Advantages and disadvantages of devolution
1005
7.2.
Practical issues
1006
7.3.
Summary
1008
8.
The role of the private sector
1008
8.1.
Effects of regulation
1008
8.2.
Sustainability in heritage financing
1009
8.3.
Philanthropy and heritage
1011
9.
Conclusions
1012
References
1013
Contents of Volume I
XXX
Chapter
29
The Economics of Museums
BRUNO S.
FREY
AND
STEPHAN
MEIER
10
7
Abstract 1018
Keywords 1018
1.
Introduction 1019
2.
Demand for museum services
1020
2.1.
Private demand 102°
2.2.
Social demand 1Q22
3.
Supply of museum services
Ì02A
3.1.
Cost structure
024
3.2.
Cost functions
025
3.3.
Firm structure lUzo
4.
Museum behaviour
1027
4.1.
Neoclassical approach
11)2/
4.2.
Institutional approach
¿У
4.3.
Museum behaviour in three important areas
1
UiZ
5.
Current trends in the museum world
1035
5.1.
Superstar museums
1036
5.2.
Special exhibitions
1038
6.
Conclusion
1042
References
1042
PARTII:
LOCATION
Chapter
30
Culture in Urban and Regional Development
TRINE
BILLE
AND
GÜNTHER
G.
SCHULZE 1051
Abstract
1052
Keywords
1052
1.
Introduction
1053
1.1.
On the relationship between economic and cultural development
1053
1.2.
The concepts of regional culture and regional development
1054
2.
How can arts and culture generate urban and regional development?
1057
2.1.
Short-run effects
1057
2.2.
Long-run effects
1066
2.3.
Cultural and urban planning
1069
3.
How does regional economic growth influence the development of the
cultural sector?
1071
3.1.
Market prices and non-market values
1071
3.2.
The demand for cultural goods
1073
3.3.
The supply of cultural goods
1079
3.4.
Development and public support for the arts
1083
Contents
of
Volume 1
xxx¡
3.5.
Assessment: The influence of development on
culture
1084
4.
Location of arts and cultural industries
1086
4.1.
Delineation of the cultural industries
1086
4.2.
Agglomeration economies and the location of arts and culture
1087
4.3.
The particular role of cities
1090
5.
Concluding remarks: Regional cultural and economic development
-
a complex simultaneity
1091
References
1093
Chapter
31
Cultural Districts and Their Role in Developed and Developing Countries
WALTER
S
ANTAG
ATA
1101
Abstract
1102
Keywords
1102
1.
Introduction
1103
2.
The theory of cultural districts
1104
2.1.
Marshallian localized industries and endogenous economic growth
1104
2.2.
Culture-based goods as idiosyncratic
1105
3.
Industrial cultural districts and clusters
1107
3.1.
In theory
1107
3.2.
In practice: The Los Angeles motion picture complex
1109
3.3.
In practice: The Caltagirone (Sicily) pottery district
1110
4.
Institutional cultural districts
1111
4.1.
Institutional setting: The collective intellectual property rights
1111
4.2.
Modeling behavior in the establishment of collective intellectual property rights
1113
4.3.
The institutional cultural district: The case of the Langhe, Piedmont
1115
5.
Policy issues for cultural districts in developed and developing countries
1116
6.
Conclusion
1118
References
1118
PART
12:
POLICY
Chapter
32
The Arts and Economic Policy
ALAN PEACOCK
1123
Abstract
1124
Keywords
1124
1.
Introduction
1125
2.
The changing analytical scenario
1125
3.
The market as allocator of resources
1129
4.
Cultural services and the market
1130
5.
The rationale for state support
1132
6.
Economics and policy implementation
1135
·■
Contents ol
Volume
1
ХллП
7.
Conclusion: A possible future agenda l
·
^8
References
^
Chapter
33
Culture in International Trade
KEITH ACHESON AND CHRISTOPHER
MAULE
1141
Abstract 1142
Keywords
143
1.
Introduction 1144
2.
International cultural economics
444
3.
Guiding principles for international policy 1
147
3.1.
Differing takes
П47
3.2.
Case for protectionism
» 4°
3.3.
Case for openness
1149
3.4.
National cultures
1 150
4.
International dimensions of visual and performance arts
1151
4.1.
Mobility of artists and diffusion of creative processes and ideas
1151
4.2.
International trade in art and artifacts
1 152
4.3.
Touring exhibitions, multinational museums and networking
1153
5.
International dimensions of the cultural industries
1154
5.1.
Production
1 154
5.2.
Distribution
1 155
5.3.
Exploiting successfully promoted content across media
1 159
5.4.
Multinationals and antitrust issues
1 160
6.
International aspects common to the arts and cultural industries
1162
6.1.
The new versus the old
1 162
6.2.
Openness and creativity
1 163
6.3.
Trade in complementary equipment, goods, and services
1 165
6.4.
Heritage tourism and festivals
1166
6.5.
Versioning content for language markets
1 166
7.
The governance of international trade and investment
1168
7.1.
The
GATT,
GATS and the WTO
1 168
7.2.
Other agreements
1170
7.3.
An international agreement on cultural diversity
1174
8.
Measuring trade
1175
8.1.
Measurement problems
1175
8.2.
Data sources
1177
9.
Conclusions and suggestions for further research
1179
References
1180
Chapter
34
The Making of Cultural Policy: A European Perspective
FREDERICK VAN
DER PLOEG
1183
Contents
of
Volume 1 xxxiii
Abstract
j j
§4
Keywords
j j
84
1.
Introduction
1185
2.
Indicators of size and participation for cultural sectors in Europe
1187
2.1.
Cultural employment
1187
2.2.
Public cultural expenditures
1190
2.3.
Size of creative sectors
1193
2.4.
Cultural participation
1194
2.5.
Museums
1195
3.
Cultural goods and services
1196
3.1.
Special features
1196
3.2.
Value of culture
Ц99
4.
Valid and invalid arguments for subsidizing culture
1200
4.1.
Convincing arguments
1200
4.2.
Unconvincing arguments
1202
5.
Quality versus popularity in cultural funding in Europe
1204
5.1.
Different ways of funding culture
1204
5.2.
Programming diversity and funding of TV
1207
6.
The arm s length principle: Institutions matter
1208
6.1.
Institutional structures
1208
6.2.
Delegation and control
1210
6.3.
Analytical example of delegation of cultural policy
1212
7.
Subsidiarity, local cultural clubs and federalism
1213
8.
International cultural policy: Different approaches in Europe
1215
9.
Summary and conclusions: Some lessons for cultural policy-making
in Europe
1217
References
1218
Chapter
35
Cultural Policy: An American View
DICKNETZER
1223
Abstract
1224
Keywords
1224
1.
Introduction
1225
2.
A brief history
1225
3.
The role of the arts councils
1229
3.1.
What the arts councils do
1229
3.2.
The National Endowment for the Arts
1231
3.3.
State arts councils
1234
4.
Direct support for the arts and culture
1235
4.1.
Levels of support
1235
4.2.
The case for direct subsidy by
subnational
governments
1238
5.
Indirect support for the arts and culture
1240
xxxiv Contents of Volume
1
5.1.
Levels of support
5.2.
Criticisms
6.
Economic issues in support for the arts
1242
6.1.
Market failure and willingness to pay
242
6.2.
Direct vs. indirect support
6.3.
Crowding-in or crowding-out?
124
J
7.
Heritage policy 1244
7.1.
Public sector role in heritage protection
1244
7.2.
Heritage tax incentives and regulation
1245
7.3.
Heritage valuation
1247
8.
Further research
1248
9.
A concluding observation
1248
References
1249
Chapter
36
Tax Incentives in Cultural Policy
J. MARK SCHUSTER
1253
Abstract
1254
Keywords
1255
1.
Introduction: Tax policy as cultural policy
1256
2.
The literature on tax policy in cultural policy
1259
2.1.
The early literature
1259
2.2.
Tax expenditure analysis
1260
2.3.
Other issues in tax policy
1263
2.4.
Putting tax policy back on the cultural policy agenda
1265
3.
The purpose of tax policy
vis-à-vis
the arts and culture
1266
3.1.
Defining the tax base v. providing incentives
1267
3.2.
Individual v. collective decision making
1269
4.
The economic effects of tax exemption
1271
4.1.
Introduction
1271
4.2.
The price elasticity of individual giving
1272
4.3.
Tax incentives as matching grants
1275
4.4.
Price elasticities by charitable sector
1276
4.5.
The income elasticity of giving
1276
4.6.
The economics of corporate contributions
1277
4.7.
Studies of charitable giving in other countries
1279
4.8.
Who pays and who benefits? The question of incidence
1281
4.9.
Crowding in or crowding out?
1283
4.10.
Conclusion
1285
5.
The international move toward tax-based incentives
1286
5.1.
Chile
1287
5.2.
Australia
1287
5.3.
Singapore
1289
Contents
of
Volume 1 xxxv
5.4. France 1290
5.5. United States 1291
5.6.
Romania
1292
5.7.
Conclusion
1293
6.
Summary and concluding remarks
1293
References
1294
Chapter
37
Philanthropy
STANLEY
N.
KATZ
1299
Abstract
1300
Keywords
1300
1.
Philanthropy and the arts in the United States
1301
1.1.
Origins: From charity to philanthropy
1301
1.2.
The emergence of the philanthropic foundation
1303
1.3.
The development of federal government philanthropy
1305
1.4.
The impact of foundation philanthropy on art and culture
1306
1.5.
Corporate philanthropy and art and culture
1307
1.6.
Government cultural philanthropy: The endowments
1307
1.7.
Philanthropy in the early 21st century
1309
1.8.
Philanthropy, economy and government policy
1314
1.9.
The American affinity for philanthropy
1315
2.
Philanthropy outside the United States
1316
3.
Conclusion
1319
References
1319
Author Index I-
1
Subject Index
1-27
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author2 | Ginsburgh, Victor Throsby, C. D. 1939- |
| author2_role | edt edt |
| author2_variant | v g vg c d t cd cdt |
| author_GND | (DE-588)120920018 (DE-588)129654035 |
| author_facet | Ginsburgh, Victor Throsby, C. D. 1939- |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV038780417 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)634897687 (DE-599)BVBBV038780417 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV038780417 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:55:03Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780444508706 0444508708 |
| issn | 0169-7218 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-023957314 |
| oclc_num | 634897687 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-255 DE-Y2 |
| owner_facet | DE-255 DE-Y2 |
| physical | XXXV, 1321, 42 S. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Handbooks in economics |
| series2 | Handbooks in economics |
| spelling | Handbook of the economics of art and culture 1 ed. by Victor A. Ginsburgh and David Throsby Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2006 XXXV, 1321, 42 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Handbooks in economics 25 0169-7218 Kulturgut (DE-588)4139819-1 gnd rswk-swf Kunsthandel (DE-588)4033647-5 gnd rswk-swf Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd rswk-swf Kunsthandel (DE-588)4033647-5 s DE-604 Kulturgut (DE-588)4139819-1 s Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 s Ginsburgh, Victor (DE-588)120920018 edt Throsby, C. D. 1939- (DE-588)129654035 edt (DE-604)BV038725430 1 Handbooks in economics 25 (DE-604)BV000009734 25 KUBIKAT Anreicherung application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=023957314&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Handbook of the economics of art and culture Handbooks in economics Kulturgut (DE-588)4139819-1 gnd Kunsthandel (DE-588)4033647-5 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139819-1 (DE-588)4033647-5 (DE-588)4048737-4 |
| title | Handbook of the economics of art and culture |
| title_auth | Handbook of the economics of art and culture |
| title_exact_search | Handbook of the economics of art and culture |
| title_full | Handbook of the economics of art and culture 1 ed. by Victor A. Ginsburgh and David Throsby |
| title_fullStr | Handbook of the economics of art and culture 1 ed. by Victor A. Ginsburgh and David Throsby |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook of the economics of art and culture 1 ed. by Victor A. Ginsburgh and David Throsby |
| title_short | Handbook of the economics of art and culture |
| title_sort | handbook of the economics of art and culture |
| topic | Kulturgut (DE-588)4139819-1 gnd Kunsthandel (DE-588)4033647-5 gnd Recht (DE-588)4048737-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kulturgut Kunsthandel Recht |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=023957314&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV038725430 (DE-604)BV000009734 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ginsburghvictor handbookoftheeconomicsofartandculture1 AT throsbycd handbookoftheeconomicsofartandculture1 |