Otzovetsja li burej polsveta ...:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kiev [u.a.]
Teleskop
2008
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 367 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9669641373 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | ОТЗОВЕТСЯ ЛИ БУРЕЙ ПОЛСВЕТА
SUMMARY
It is
150
years since the outbreak of the Eastern, or Crimean War
(1853-56)
and
the epic 349-day siege and defence of the Russian fortress of Sevastopol on the
Crimean Peninsula. It is also one and a half centuries since the battles in the envi¬
rons of Sevastopol during the Crimean campaign
—
on the River Alma, the River
Chernaya and in the Balaklava Valley.
The almost year-long battle of Sevastopol, involving, in addition to Russia, an
alliance of leading European states such as Great Britain, France, Italy and Turkey,
had no parallel in world military history.
The siege and defence of Sevastopol and the Crimean battles not only excited the
hearts and minds of most of the people in the belligerent countries, but absorbed the
whole of Europe s attention in a manner that had not been seen since the battle of
Waterloo.
The Eastern War also went down in world history as the most sanguinary war of
the mid-19th century and was unique in being the only pan- European military
conflict between the Congress of Vienna
(1815)
and the First World War. There was
no other war in this era that could match its geographical scope, and it can rightly be
dubbed a pre-world war, and one of the first wars of the world redistribution.
336
S U
M M
Л
K Y
In all,
888 000
officers and men from Russia,
97 800
from Great Britain,
309 400
from France,
165 000
from Turkey and
24 000
from Sardinia took part in the war.
Russian casualties in the Crimea amounted to
128 669
men, those of the alliance
to about
150 000
soldiers and officers. Of these,
23 000
were British, more than
80
000
French,
35 000
Turk and
2 000
Sardinian. More than
30
generals and admirals
from both sides perished in battle or died of wounds and disease during the cam¬
paign.
The Eastern War ended with the abandonment of the south side of Sevastopol
fortress by the Russian garrison and its retreat to the north of the city. Soon after, in
March
1856,
a peace treaty was signed in Paris. Historians, students of local lore,
writers and journalists, are still preoccupied with the story of this war.
Much has been written about these events in Russia, Ukraine, France, Britain,
Italy, Austria, Japan, Turkey, Georgia and the countries of the Balkans. At times
it seems that everything is known about this war that can be known: about the de¬
fence and siege of Sevastopol; about the monuments and memorable places; that
everything has been documented; that the key events have been highlighted and the
conclusions have been drawn. But this is by no means the case.
Many questions remain unanswered. Numerous necropolises and monuments
raised in memory of those who died doing their duty have not received the attention
they deserve.
There is no more satisfying fulfilment for the historian than to rescue the un¬
known from historical oblivion and reincarnate it as poignant historical reality. Cer¬
tainly no one knows all the truths about the Eastern V fcr. But we have attempted to
recall in all their vividness the Crimean battles using the laconic lines of military
documents, contemporary studies and the recollections of those who took part in
the war on either side of the barricades.
Among the recollections are those that relate to the first battle in Crimea
—
on
the River Alma; the battle in the Balaklava Valley, which became synonymous with
vain sacrifice
—
madly adventurous, but certainly a task doomed to fail ; the bat¬
tle without map or the soldiers , namely the Battle of Inkerman; and the last
bloody battle
—
which could have been avoided
—
on the River Chernaya. The great
author Leo Tolstoy took part in this final battle.
Some events and names related to these feats of arms are erased from our memo¬
ries. Under the pressure of harsh reality a series of monuments have vanished. The
necropolises have been turned into fields or residential areas.
Fortunately the former battlefields have remained unchanged. The same is true of
the valleys, hills and rivers, and historical landscapes.
The events of the Eastern N&r, the epic of Sevastopol and the battles of the Cri¬
mea that one and a half centuries ago involved half the world, now represent a fath¬
omless sea of history.
337
БУРЕЙ ПОЛСВЕТА
The emotions and the huge interest in the Crimean war overwhelmed the world
community like a wave.
New geographical names for towns and villages, boulevards and streets, forts and
bridges, associated with the Crimean campaign appeared on the map of the world
—
Sevastopol, Malakhov barrow, Inkerman (the Cave Town), Balaklava, Black River,
Alma (from the Tatar for apple ). There are in California in the US, in Canada
and even on the island of Mauritius towns named Sevastopol. On Mauritius there is
also, a mere hour away, a place named Balaklava. And in Australia in
1870,
Charles
Fisher, who had taken part in the Crimean campaign, founded the small colony of
Balaklava
90
km north of the city of Adelaide. Similar place names exist in Turkey
and Sardinia, while in Paris a bridge was named in honour of the until recently
unknown River Alma. It was under the thirteenth pier the tragic death of Princess
Diana occurred.
In many places in Great Britain. Sevastopol, Inkerman and Alma streets can
be found. The citizens of Foggy Albion even adopted the unusual female name of
Alma.
In Paris, there are street names such as Malakhov Avenue and rue
Taverne.
The
latter street commemorates the so-called tavern battle, the battle on the River Cher-
naya. A square and the subway station in Paris are named after the River Alma.
French citizens even tried to rename Waterloo Bridge, but local authorities resisted
this toponymical temptation.
On the fiftieth anniversary of the defence of Sevastopol, a great historical pro¬
gramme was initiated to perpetuate the memory of warriors who had fallen on the
bastions of Sevastopol and in the other nearby battles.
Monuments were erected, cemeteries restored, and the The Defence of Sev¬
astopol
1854-55
panorama was inaugurated. The French, English and Italians
re-interred the remains of their fallen compatriots in mass military cemeteries.
In the
1930s
and during the Second World War, the historical heritage of Sevas¬
topol, including necropolises and monuments, was severely and often irreparably
damaged. Despite the difficult postwar years, many monuments were restored and
the panorama was given second life on the centenary of the defence of Sevastopol.
The 150th anniversary of the Eastern War crept up so quickly that we were not
given time to consider our moral, civil and spiritual attitude toward the cultural and
historical heritage of Sevastopol, including the monuments of the Crimean cam¬
paign. In retrospect, all of us can recognise that the preparations for the celebra¬
tion were hugely successful. Monuments lost during the Second World War were
restored, for instance those to the hussars of the Kiev regiment and to those who
took part in the battles of Balaklava and Inkerman. Monuments were unveiled in
remembrance of the British, French, Sardinians and Turks who fell in the Crimean
campaign. Furthermore, the restoration of the Bratskoe cemetery forthe defenders
338
SUMMARY
of Sevastopol in
1854—55
and the unique necropolis of the Jewish soldiers who took
part in the Crimean campaign were completed.
On the eve of the fiftieth anniversary of the war, all Russians from soldier to Em¬
peror commemorated the fallen soldiers. It is also noteworthy that one century later
a wide spectrum of people also took part in the restoration of the monuments: from
seamen o[ the Black Sea Fleet; governors of Kiev and Sevastopol; citizens of Mos¬
cow, Vladimir, Bryansk, Lvov, Simferopol and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia); up
to the President of the Ukraine and His Royal Highness, Prince Philip, Duke of
Edinburgh. There were also citizens of France, Italy and Turkey.
Some essential principles in our lives that seemed to be stable have now sunk into
oblivion. Every one of us revises our view of events in the world, near and far, ac¬
cording to their moral, intellectual and social significance.
But history is everlasting. And nations that study and pride themselves on their
history, whatever it may be, are deserving of respect.
339
|
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| language | Russian |
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| title | Otzovetsja li burej polsveta ... |
| title_auth | Otzovetsja li burej polsveta ... |
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| title_full | Otzovetsja li burej polsveta ... V. G. Šavšin |
| title_fullStr | Otzovetsja li burej polsveta ... V. G. Šavšin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Otzovetsja li burej polsveta ... V. G. Šavšin |
| title_short | Otzovetsja li burej polsveta ... |
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