Statistics for the behavioral sciences:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Worth Publ.
2012
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. R-1 - R10 |
| Beschreibung: | Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst. 27cm |
| ISBN: | 9781429232654 142923265X |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 9781429232654 |9 978-1-4292-3265-4 | ||
| 020 | |a 142923265X |9 1-4292-3265-X | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Nolan, Susan A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Statistics for the behavioral sciences |c Susan A. Nolan ; Thomas E. Heinzen |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York, NY |b Worth Publ. |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a Getr. Zählung |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 27cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 500 | |a Literaturverz. S. R-1 - R10 | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Sozialwissenschaften | |
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| 689 | 0 | |5 UBWRAH | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Heinzen, Thomas E. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022639524&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145801986834432 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface x
Chapter
1
An Introduction to Statistics
and Research Design
..................1
The Two Branches of Statistics
2
Descriptive Statistics
2
Inferential Statistics
3
Distinguishing Between a Sample and a Population
3
How to Transform Observations into Variables
4
Discrete Observations
4
Continuous Observations
5
Variables and Research
7
Independent, Dependent, and Confounding
Variables
7
Reliability and Validity
8
Introduction to Hypothesis Testing
10
Conducting Experiments to Control for
Confounding Variables
11
Between-Groups Design Versus Within-Groups
Design
13
Correlational Research
13
Next Steps: Outlier Analysis
14
Chapter
2
Frequency Distributions
..
..23
Frequency Distributions
25
Frequency Tables
25
Grouped Frequency Tables
28
Histograms
31
Frequency Polygons
34
Shapes of Distributions
35
Normal Distributions
36
Skewed Distributions
36
Next Steps: Stem-and-Leaf Plot
38
Chapter
3
Visual Displays of Data
...
..47
How to Mislead with Graphs
49
The Most Misleading Graph Ever Published
49
Techniques for Misleading with Graphs
50
Common Types of Graphs
53
Scatterplots
53
Line Graphs
55
Bar Graphs
57
Pictorial Graphs
60
Pie Charts
61
How to Build a Graph
62
Choosing the Type of Graph Based on Variables
62
How to Read a Graph
62
Guidelines for Creating the Perfect Graph
63
The Future of Graphs
65
Next Steps:
Multivariable
Graphs
67
Chapter
4
Central Tendency
and Variability
.......................79
Central Tendency
80
Mean, the Arithmetic Average
81
Median, the Middle Score
83
Mode, the Most Common Score
85
How Outliers Affect Measures of Central Tendency
86
Which Measure of Central Tendency Is Best?
87
Measures of Variability
88
Range
89
Variance
89
Standard Deviation
91
Next Steps: The Interquartile Range
92
Chapter
5
Sampling and
Probability
.........................101
Samples and Their Populations
103
Random Sampling
103
Convenience Sampling
104
The Problem with a Biased Sample
105
Random Assignment
106
Probability
108
Coincidence and Probability
108
Expected Relative-Frequency Probability
110
Independence and Probability
112
Inferential Statistics
113
Developing Hypotheses
114
Making a Decision About Our Hypothesis
115
Type I and Type II Errors
118
Type I Errors
118
Type II Errors
118
Next Steps: The Shocking Prevalence
of Type I Errors
119
Ће
Normal Curve,
....129
130
Chapter
6
The Normal Curve,
Standardization, and
ζ
Scores
..
The Normal Curve
VI
CONTENTS
VII
Standardization,
z
Scores, and
Estimating Population Standard Deviation from
the Normal Curve
134
a Sample
229
The Need for Standardization
134
Calculating Standard Error for the
ŕ
Statistic
231
Transforming Raw Scores into
z
Scores
135
Using Standard Error to Calculate the
f
Statistic
232
Transforming
z
Scores into Raw Scores
138
The Single-Sample
t
Test
233
Using
z
Scores to Make Comparisons
141
The
ŕ
Table and Degrees of Freedom
234
Transforming
z
Scores into Percentiles
142
The Six Steps of the Single-Sample
ŕ
Test
236
The Central Limit Theorem
144
Calculating a Confidence Interval for
Creating a Distribution of Means
145
a Single-Sample
f
Test
239
Characteristics of the Distribution of Means
147
Calculating Effect Size for a Single-Sample
f
Test
240
Using the Central Limit Theorem to Make
Next Steps: Dot Plots
241
Comparisons with
z
Scores
150
Next Steps: The
Normai
Curve and
Chapter
10
The Paired-Samples
Catching Cheaters
151
t
Test
............................
249
The Paired-Samples
ŕ
Test
250
Chapter
7
Hypothesis Testing
Distributions of Mean Differences
251
with
z
Tests
.......................
,163
The Six Steps of the Paired-Samples
ŕ
Test
253
The
z
Table
164
Beyond Hypothesis Testing
257
Raw Scores,
z
Scores, and Percentages
165
Calculating a Confidence Interval for
The
z
Table and Distributions of Means
171
a Paired-Samples
ŕ
Test
257
The Assumptions and the Steps of
Calculating Effect Size for a Paired-Samples
Hypothesis Testing
173
f
Test
259
The Three Assumptions for Conducting Analyses
173
Next Steps: Order Effects and
The Six Steps of Hypothesis Testing
174
Counterbalancing
259
An Example of the
z
Test
177
Next Steps: Cleaning Data
182
Chapter
11
The Independent-Samples
ŕ
Test
.............................
267
Chapter
8
Confidence Intervals,
Conducting an Independent-Samples
ŕ
Test
268
Effect Size, and Statistical Power
......
195
A Distribution of Differences Between Means
269
Confidence Intervals
197
The Six Steps of an Independent-Samples
t
Test
270
Interval Estimates
197
Reporting the Statistics
276
Calculating Confidence Intervals with
z
Beyond Hypothesis Testing
278
Distributions
198
Calculating a Confidence Interval for
Effect Size
202
an Independent-Samples
f
Test
278
The Effect of Sample Size on Statistical
Calculating Effect Size for
Significance
202
an Independent-Samples
f
Test
281
What Effect Size Is
204
Next Steps: Data Transformations
283
Cohen s
d
206
Next Steps: p,^
208
Chapter
12
Between-Groups
Statistica!
Power
209
ANOVA
...........................
295
The Importance of Statistical Power
210
Using the
F
Distributions with Three or
Five Factors That Affect Statistical Power
212
More Samples
297
Next Steps: Meta-Analysis
215
Type I Errors When Making Three or More
Comparisons
297
Chapter
9
The Single-Sample
t
Test
.............................
227
The
F
Statistic as an Expansion of the
z
and
t
Statistics
298
The
F
Distributions for Analyzing variability to
The
t
Distributions
228
Солшаге
Means
299
VIII
CONTENTS
The F
Table
300
Correlation and Psychometrics
417
The Language and Assumptions for ANOVA
300
Reliability
417
One-Way Between-Groups ANOVA
302
Validity
418
Everything About ANOVA but the Calculations
302
Next Steps: Partial Correlation
419
The Logic and Calculations of the
F
Statistic
307
Making a Decision
315
Chapter
16
Regression
...........
435
Beyond Hypothesis Testing
318
Simple Linear Regression
436
R2, the Effect Size for ANOVA
318
Prediction Versus Relation
437
Planned Comparisons and Post-Hoc Tests
319
Regression with
z
Scores
438
Tukey HSD
320
Determining the Regression Equation
441
Next Steps: The Bonferroni Test
323
The Standardized Regression Coefficient and
Hypothesis Testing with Regression
445
Chapter
13
Within-Groups ANOVA
...
337
Interpretation and Prediction
447
One-Way Within-Groups ANOVA
338
Regression and Error
448
The Benefits of Within-Groups ANOVA
339
Applying the Lessons of Correlation
The Six Steps of Hypothesis Testing
340
to Regression
449
Beyond Hypothesis Testing
346
Regression to the Mean
449
Fr, the Effect Size for ANOVA
346
Proportionate Reduction in Error
451
Tukey HSD
346
Multiple Regression
456
Next Steps: Matched Groups
348
Understanding the Equation
457
Stepwise Multiple Regression and Hierarchical
Chapter
14
Two-Way Between-Groups
Multiple Regression
458
ANOVA
............................
359
Multiple Regression in Everyday Life
460
Two-Way ANOVA
361
Next Steps: Structural Equation
Why We Use a Two-Way ANOVA
362
Modeling
(SEM)
461
The More Specific Vocabulary of
Two-Way ANOVA
362
Chapter
17
Chi-Square Tests
......
477
Two Main Effects and an Interaction
363
Nonparametric Statistics
478
Understanding Interactions in ANOVA
365
An Example of a Nonparametric Test
479
Interactions and Public Policy
366
When to Use Nonparametric Tests
479
Interpreting Interactions
366
Chi-Square Tests
481
Conducting a Two-Way Between-Groups
Chi-Square Test for Goodness-of-Fit
481
ANOVA
375
Chi-Square Test for Independence
487
The Six Steps of a Two-Way ANOVA
375
Beyond Hypothesis Testing
492
Identifying Four Sources of Variability in
a Two-Way ANOVA
380
Cramer s V, the Effect Size for Chi-Square
493
Effect Size for a Two-Way ANOVA
385
Graphing Chi-Square Percentages
Relative Risk
494
495
Next Steps: Variations on ANOVA
386
Next Steps: Adjusted Standardized
ChaDter
15
Correlation
.............
401
Residuals
496
Correlation
402
The Characteristics of Correlation
403
The Limitations of Correlation
406
The Pearson Correlation Coefficient
410
Calculation of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
410
Hypothesis Testing with the Pearson Correlation
Coefficient
414
Chapter
18
Nonparametric Tests
with Ordinal Data
.................
Ordinal Data and Correlation
When the Data Are Ordinal
Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient
Nonparametric Hypothesis Tests
509
510
511
513
517
CONTENTS
IX
The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Mann-Whitney
U
Test
Kruskal-Wallis
H
Test
Next
Steps:
Bootstrapping
Appendix A Reference for
Basic
Mathematics
....................
A.I: Diagnostic Test: Skills Evaluation
A.2: Symbols and Notations: Arithmetic
Operations
A.3: Order of Operations
A.
4:
Proportions: Fractions, Decimals, and
Percentages
A.
5:
Solving Equations with a Single
Unknown Variable
A.
6:
Answers to Diagnostic Test and
Self-Quizzes
Appendix
В
Statistical Tables
___
B.I: The
z
Distribution
B.2: The
t
Distributions
8.3:
The
F
Distributions
B.4: The Chi-Square Distributions
B.5: The
q
Statistic (Tukey HSD Test)
B.6: The Pearson Correlation Coefficient
B.7: The Spearman Correlation
Coefficient
B.8A: Mann-Whitney
U
for a p Level of
.05
for a One-Tailed Test
517
B.8B: Mann-Whitney
U
for a p
Levei
of
.05
520
for a Two-Tailed Test B-
12
523
B.9: Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for
527
Matched Pairs
(7)
B-13
B.10: Random Digits B-14
•
A-1 Appendix
С
Solutions to
A-1 Odd-Numbered End-of-Chapter
Problems
..........................
C-1
A-2
Appendix
D
Solutions to Check
Your Learning Problems
..............
D-1
A 3 Appendix
E
Choosing the
Appropriate Statistical Test
............
E-1
A 6 Category
1 :
Two Scale Variables E-1
Category
2:
Nominal Independent Variabie(s)
and Scale Dependent Variable E-1
о
..
Category
3:
One or Two Nominal Vanabies E-1
„
Category
4:
Aí
Least One Ordinal Variable E-3
b-
1
64
Appendix
F
Reporting Statistics
.....
F-1
R-4
Overview of Reporting Statistics F-1
B~7 Justify the Study F-1
B~8 Report Traditional Statistics F-1
B 9 Reporting Newer Statistics F-2
B 10 Glossary G-1
References R-1
B-11 Index
1-1
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| author_facet | Nolan, Susan A. Heinzen, Thomas E. |
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| edition | 2. ed. |
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| id | DE-604.BV037488117 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:25:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781429232654 142923265X |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022639524 |
| oclc_num | 750672075 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst. 27cm |
| publishDate | 2012 |
| publishDateSearch | 2012 |
| publishDateSort | 2012 |
| publisher | Worth Publ. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Nolan, Susan A. Verfasser aut Statistics for the behavioral sciences Susan A. Nolan ; Thomas E. Heinzen 2. ed. New York, NY Worth Publ. 2012 Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst. 27cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. R-1 - R10 Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Statistical methods Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd rswk-swf Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd rswk-swf Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 s Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 s UBWRAH Heinzen, Thomas E. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022639524&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nolan, Susan A. Heinzen, Thomas E. Statistics for the behavioral sciences Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Statistical methods Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056995-0 (DE-588)4055916-6 |
| title | Statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| title_auth | Statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| title_exact_search | Statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| title_full | Statistics for the behavioral sciences Susan A. Nolan ; Thomas E. Heinzen |
| title_fullStr | Statistics for the behavioral sciences Susan A. Nolan ; Thomas E. Heinzen |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistics for the behavioral sciences Susan A. Nolan ; Thomas E. Heinzen |
| title_short | Statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| title_sort | statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| topic | Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Statistical methods Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Sozialwissenschaften Social sciences Statistical methods Statistik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022639524&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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