Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit: studim historik
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Albanian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
[Berat]
Jonalda
[2009]
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Abstract Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-201) |
| Beschreibung: | 201 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 21 cm |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit |b studim historik |c Ilir Cenollari |
| 264 | 1 | |a [Berat] |b Jonalda |c [2009] | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145796679991296 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TREGUESl
I
LËNDÊS
Hyrje
.........................................................................
З
Tornuret
dhe Tömöri
...................................................5
Tomori
dhe Dodona
në burimet
historike
.....................6
Kroi
i
shenjtë
i Epirit
.................................................29
Qyteti
і
Dodonês dhe
mali
Tomor
і
Janinës
se
solme..
.33
Disavrejtjegjihösore
................................................39
Talaret
e Tomoril
......................................................43
Zeusi dhe Dodona
....................................................45
Ilao ilisia, Ilo /eusiane
...............................................49
Demi
........................................................................50
Dodona dhe Dhemetra
..............................................51
Dodona dhe Europa
.................................................53
Asope
......................................................................55
Dodona dhe
Tirent
....................................................56
Dodona dhe
lapět
.....................................................77
Enianët, Molosët dhe
Dodona
......................83
Lidhjet Dhespro-Thesale
...........................................97
Ajakidët, Mirmidonët, Molosët
............................103
Egida,
Egidei
..........................................................
Ill
Dodona dhe
Perrebejèt
..........................................113
Dodona,
Graijtë, Helianët (Sellanët)
......................117
Heraklid&dhehyllejtë
...........................................123
Dodona,
Eiirinomët,
Orel,
të
Mirat, Gorgonat,
Esperdidet,
AtlantëU.Ama/onat
................................129
Dodona dhe
Dioskurët
..................,........................143
Eryopia. Pindi. Boioni
..............................................145
Zeu
Naion,ZeuNaoin,DiNaioì
.............................147
ShpjegimeeunologjikeperernrijťOoiom
................149
OmfaliiDodonèsdheLisiiShenjtë
........................
151
Etimologjíae
fjalës Dodonë
................................158
Mjedisietnokullurori Dodonës
...............................161
Kronika e
shiiar
jes..................................................
170
Kritike
pikpamjevetëHamondit
............................171
Rrënjë të lashta fjalësh shqipe
..............................179
Përfundime
.............................................................181
Përmbledhëse
nëgjuhèïi angleze
..........................185
Literatura
e shfrytëzuar
...........................................196
f Sayéťľscfie
I
Staatsbibliothek
f
MYTHOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL
TOMORI
The mountain of Tomori draws attention not only
for its greatness, grace and beauty, but also for its
sanctity, antiquity and rich history; it is a rare natural and
historical monument. The origin of Tomori s name goes
up to the deepest antiquity, to the mythology. The name
of the mountain is documented really early, since writing
was born, in the Homer s poems, it is often citied from
the old Greek and Roman writers
(XIII -
th century
ВС
-
1
-
st
century of AD).
The name Tomor can not be separated from
the cult of Zeus, from Zeus oracles, from Pelasgian
Dodona, from Dodona, from sacred acorn, from the
sacred tree of oak, from the ancient native habitants,
known since the beginning with the ethnonames: arge,
185
Ilir
Cenollari
arkade, pellazge,
hyllis , and also with a great variety
of names from the local tribes, starting from the territory
of Berati, Gramshi, today s Skrapari,
Toskëria,
South Albania reaching up to Macedonia, Greece and
ancient Italy. In the ancient times it is proved the
existence of an old oracle in today s village Mbrakull ,
on the foot of Tomori; it is a toponym, which according
to Eqrem
Çabej
represents exactly the word oracle .
Sami
Frashëri
testifies that on the top of Tomori
mountain, there could still be seen the ruins of an old
oracle.
TOMURE AND TOMORI
The name of Tomori stems from
tomuri ,
tomar ,
themiste , thamiri , themit , daughter of Gea and
Uranus, a genesis God, from thomure of Zeus, his
willpower was showed on the top of the oak. According
to ancient authors, tomur communicates and implies:
the sayings , thoughts , predictions , orders ,
decisions , laws , prophecies , and advice .
Tomuri
are the priest prophecies which served to Zeus
oracles and interpreted the language of the sacred oak.
In Homer s poems we find out that
tomuri ,
are called:
Helloi , Selloi , other authors say that near Dodona s
186
Profecitë e
Zotit të
Tomorìt
Oak served three pelia , old women. According to the
mythology, the old women were called grates ,
graies ; because they were born with white hair, with
an eye and with one tooth in the mouth.
There are two mountains with the name of
Tomori ; Tomori of Berati and Tomaro of Ioannina.
The territory of this space, in the ancient times, belonged
to the same geographical unit, the same ethnical
environment, the same culture.
II. THE SACRED OAK
1.
Old authors, starting with Homer, Hesiodus,
Aeschylus, Pindar, Herodotus, Ephorus, Strabo etc,
admit unanimously that near to the age
-
long
oáks
on
the top of the mountains of Illyria and Epirus, there are
built sacred oracles in honor of Zeus. The oak trees turned
into sanctuaries, in omfale , in sacred places for the
native habitants, which visited them, prayed, sacrificed
and listened to their destiny.
The cutting off of the oak constituted a sacrilege and
was to bring malediction and calamity. The oak leaves
are a national symbol of epirotians and Albanians, of king
Pyrrho and king Gentius.
187
Ilir
Cenollari
2.
The oak tree has served not only as a place of
praying, as building material, wood fire, but also as food
for the ancient native inhabitants. According to Lucretius,
Virgil, Titus Livius, The Sacred Oak , was used to
feed people, especially on those cases, when Dodona
didn t have what to give to them . The kaonian oak was
remarkable for the sweetness of its fruits.
3.
We can find every where in Albania signs of oak
tree honoring. Also in Tomori Mountain, the hundred years
oak tree is sacred and it can not be cut down, otherwise
it is considered to be a sin, you get maledicted and in the
end you suffer from misfortune. Women put on the oak
branches tags, clothes etc. as a sign of good fortune. In
Zagori
of Gjirokastra the oak wood was given to the
bride to take with herself during the marriage as a sign of
strength and good luck. In Panarit of
Berat,
there is a
place with ancient oak trees, which can not be cut down
because they are sacred. On oak trees there are put
headlights so that when it blows it gives strange signs.
On the coastline, the cult of the oak tree is fanatically
preserved, In Pilur of Himara, The Oak of Pilur and
of Church , are preserved as sacred laces. They can not
be cut down, the one who tries, will suffer from misfortune
188
Profeciîë
e
lotit të Tomorit
within
6
months. In
Palása,
the oak trees of Saint John can
not be touched because they are sacred. In Qeparo, there is
still a curse: May the oak tree fall inside your house
and may you cut it down with an axe . The native tradition
preserves the faith according to which, in August, the oak
leaves whisper and say words about dead people. Exactly in
August it is organized the annual pilgrimage with visitors from
all parts of the country.
DODONA
The Pelasgian Dodona is identified in Tomori, in the
place of Hesperidians, Hyperboreans, Gorgonas and
Graias. The mythological tradition, as well as the writing
tradition, unanimously testify that Dodona is built from
Pelasgian in the ancient times. The original center of Pelasgians
seems to be identical to the location of Dodona and to the
cult of the Sacred Oak, in this case with the regions of
original Illyria, today s Albania. Old historians say that
Dodona is located on the top of a high mountain.
Homer, Zeus, Pelasgian Dodonian King, that lives faraway
and rules Dodona, which is hit by a severe and tough winter ,
near which, a river flows away, Europe River, near enians
and perrebians, near
Doťian
field. Aeschylus, places Dodona
189
Ilir
Cenollari
in the Dodonian Mountains, over the Pind (Pindari) and close
to Peons.
On the contrary, Apollodorus and Eusthatus place it
on a marshland out of Dodona city. It can be clearly seen
that the description of Homer does not connect Dodona
with the city, but with the high mountains of
Tomoli,
also
because there must have been some small Dodona oracles
around the sacred oak tree of Zeus, also because Dodona
of Molosia is the daughter of Tomori s Dodona.
The cities of Ioannina s, Thesprotia s and Molosia s
Dodona are constructions of ancient times, IV century
ВС.
The oldest monumental object, connected to the old oracle,
is found to be a small temple, built in front of a sacred oak
tree, IV century,
ВС.
The cult of oak tree in this area is
practiced earlier and is connected to the north regions of
Toskëria
with Tomor of Berati.
Dodona has been an important religious, spiritual,
moral, social and political center, a sacred institution dressed
up with divine power. Dodona enthroned the native millennial
tradition of the original
Argo
-
Pelasgian gods, of the
omnipotent Zeus, creator of good laws and justice, of the
omfalë
of sacred oak trees.
Dodona represented a divine establishment, inside
which lived the old native gods and had the status of a sacred
190
Proferite e
Zoíit
të
Tömörít
residency in a world level. It is stressed by the old authors
that no one dared to make wai against dodonians. The native
kings, not also sacrificed in honor of Dodonian Zeus, but
also insisted upon his approval, before claiming important
decisions of war campaigns. Jason the
lapit
hero, Heracles,
Achilles, Neoptolemus, Ulysses, Aeneas, Molosian
Alexander, Pyrrho of Epirus, prayed and were advised in
the sanctuary of Dodonian Zeus. The fame of Dodona has
passed the borders of Epirus
(Toskëria)
and was known by
all the civilization
ofthat
time.
TRIBES AROUND TOMOR AND DODONA
Archaeological studies and researches prove that the
area of Tomori/of Osumi valley and Vjosa valley, of Berati,
Skrapan,
as well as
Korça,
Kolonja,
Përmeti,
Fieri, Vlora,
Gjirokastra, Saranda,
Camèlia, Pindi
and elsewhere has been
inhabited largely since prehistory.
Starting from VI millennium
ВС
and after, the process
of ethnical continuity is followed without interruption; it
testifies the existence of an autochthonous culture in constant
development. Archaeology, as well as mythology, religion,
belief, customs, traditions, language and history, speaks about
these epochs. The name of Tomori and Shpiragu mountains
191
Ilir
Cenollari
(the native legend relates closely these two mountains) shows
up deep antiquity and rises up to the mythological epoch.
In Homer times, the native inhabitants of this territory
are called Pelasgians , while in antiquity they were called
as epirotians and Illyrians , as general, national and
ethnical names. Besides the general name there existed other
local names, related to the different tribes, which have
populated these areas from time to time. Homer, at his Iliad
II,
150,
says: After the Enians, come Perrebians, who
live around Dodona with a harsh winter . According to
Homer, these two tribes take part in the war and populate the
area around Pelasgian Dodona.
The Enians live near Europe River and Dotian field,
which is Dodonian. The Enians pushed out by the lapits, a
large Pelasgian tribe, allied with Aethicans, another tribe,
located precisely on Pind and occupied
Parama,
today s
Meçova
and after that they were established in Tomori. Later
on they moved towards the south, where they were able to
build an independent state near
Inak
River, the modern
Araktari, which floats down in
Arta
of Preveza. Strabo stresses
that on Pind live the Talars, a part of Tomari and Aethicans,
where Homer says that centaurs (a mythological tribe) were
forced to go by
Perit,
a lapit
hero. Pliny, a Roman author,
mentions Tomori Mountain with the name of
Talar
tribe,
192
Profecitë e
Zotit të Tomorit
saying that:
Talar
Mountain with hundred springs that float
down its feet , a mountain, appraised by Theopompus,
Hellenian author of IV century
ВС.
Aristotle says that
according to ancient scriptures of Thebans (originated from
Epirus), Heracles gave land to Enians as a sign of friendship
beneath the dense oak tree from the fame of Dodona.
The legendary hero of Troy, Achilles and his son Pyrrho
Ptolemy called themselves as Enians and honored as gods.
Pyrrhos Ptolemy, after the fall of Troy became king of
Southern Albania; he called the country Pyrrhide , in honor
of an ancient tradition, related to the names
ornative
kings
Pyrrho . He is also known for the foundation of the Byllis
city, in front of our Tomori.
Another ancient tribe with mythological motives
preillyrians, which lived around Dodona, is the tribe of
Graias and Hellans. Hesiodus, an author of
VIII - XII
century
ВС,
mentions the Hellans tribe near Hellopia as
the place where Dodona and the sacred oak tree are located.
Homer says that HeUoi Selloi are the priests that serve
in Dodona s Temple, letting us understand that the name of
the tribe is related to the priests of altar. All these tribes moved
into the depth of modern Greece, while their names took a
different content, transformed and finally changed meaning.
193
Ilir
Cenollari
Around today s
Tomori
you can find the preserved ruins of
grais
tribe, a real, true Illyrian name, just like the toponym
of Gramshi , Gramoz ,
Gramenicë
and maybe
Germenjë ,
Germenj
.
Hecataeus, Vl-th century
ВС,
near Amyron Mountain,
Wonderful Tomori , on the side of today s Gramshi,
places the small tribe of Deksarians, a tribe that claims to be
aKaoniantribe.
In antiquity, V-th century
ВС
-
V-th century AD, the
valley of Osumi and the valley of Vjosa, including Tomori s
massive, were populated by the great and well known tribe
of Atintants, whose origin came from Archadian Likaon.
The extension of this Illyrian (epirotian) tribe is clearly
established, it borders with Dasaretian tribe, in south east it
borders with Tymphey tribe, with Aethican and Parraueian
tribes, in south it borders with Molosians, in north east it
borders with Taulants, in west with Kaonians, in north with
Parthins.
This territory extends in the line that starts from
Melesini and Tomori, including its massive, follows
Devolli
s
stream, goes near today s
Kuçi,
extends towards
Apollónia,
rises up towards Cakrani, Frakulla, Mallakastra, towards the
valleys of Vjosa. Drino,
Përmeti
till Gardhiq,
Konica
and
Erseka in south and south
-
east.
Archeological science clearly proves and assures that
the geographical space, to which our Tomori belongs,
194
Profecitë e
Zotiî të Tomorit
represents an important autochthon center, that material and
spiritual culture does not know any subversion, but on the
contrary, it knows continuity. The names Tomor , Shpirag ,
Dodonian .
Grai , Helloi ,
Omfal , Oak tree etc, are
native, stems, and can be explained only with Albanian
language. Also the typical Illyrianpreillyrian suffixes like: op ,
ar , an , ak , at etc. stand out.
195
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Cenollari, Ilir 1966- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1018888594 |
| author_facet | Cenollari, Ilir 1966- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Cenollari, Ilir 1966- |
| author_variant | i c ic |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037484466 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)690903534 (DE-599)BVBBV037484466 |
| era | Geschichte 500 v.Chr.-500 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 500 v.Chr.-500 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Albania / History Illyria / History Dodona (Extinct city) Tomorr (DE-588)7672712-9 gnd Epirus (DE-588)4091841-5 gnd Dodona (DE-588)4091081-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Albania / History Illyria / History Dodona (Extinct city) Tomorr Epirus Dodona |
| id | DE-604.BV037484466 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:25:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Albanian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022635962 |
| oclc_num | 690903534 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 201 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 21 cm |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Jonalda |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cenollari, Ilir 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)1018888594 aut Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit studim historik Ilir Cenollari [Berat] Jonalda [2009] 201 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 21 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Includes bibliographical references (p. 196-201) Geschichte 500 v.Chr.-500 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd rswk-swf Ortsname (DE-588)4043950-1 gnd rswk-swf Ethnogenese (DE-588)4121225-3 gnd rswk-swf Albania / History Illyria / History Dodona (Extinct city) Tomorr (DE-588)7672712-9 gnd rswk-swf Epirus (DE-588)4091841-5 gnd rswk-swf Dodona (DE-588)4091081-7 gnd rswk-swf Epirus (DE-588)4091841-5 g Geschichte 500 v.Chr.-500 z DE-604 Dodona (DE-588)4091081-7 g Tomorr (DE-588)7672712-9 g Ortsname (DE-588)4043950-1 s Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 s Ethnogenese (DE-588)4121225-3 s Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022635962&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022635962&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Cenollari, Ilir 1966- Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit studim historik Geschichte Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd Ortsname (DE-588)4043950-1 gnd Ethnogenese (DE-588)4121225-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4068517-2 (DE-588)4043950-1 (DE-588)4121225-3 (DE-588)7672712-9 (DE-588)4091841-5 (DE-588)4091081-7 |
| title | Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit studim historik |
| title_auth | Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit studim historik |
| title_exact_search | Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit studim historik |
| title_full | Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit studim historik Ilir Cenollari |
| title_fullStr | Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit studim historik Ilir Cenollari |
| title_full_unstemmed | Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit studim historik Ilir Cenollari |
| title_short | Profecitë e Zotit të Tomorit |
| title_sort | profecite e zotit te tomorit studim historik |
| title_sub | studim historik |
| topic | Geschichte Albaner (DE-588)4068517-2 gnd Ortsname (DE-588)4043950-1 gnd Ethnogenese (DE-588)4121225-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Albaner Ortsname Ethnogenese Albania / History Illyria / History Dodona (Extinct city) Tomorr Epirus Dodona |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022635962&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022635962&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cenollariilir profeciteezotittetomoritstudimhistorik |