Statistics and scientific method: an introduction for students and researchers
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Pr.
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 172 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780199543199 9780199543182 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Statistics and scientific method |b an introduction for students and researchers |c Peter J. Diggle and Amanda G. Chetwynd |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Oxford Univ. Pr. |c 2011 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145791464374272 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Statistics and scientific method
Autor: Diggle, Peter J.
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Introduction 1
1.1 Objectives 1
1.2 Statistics as part of the scientific method 1
1.3 What is in this book, and how should you use it? 2
Overview: investigating Newton s law 5
2.1 Newton s laws of motion 5
2.2 Defining the question 7
2.3 Designing the experiment 8
2.4 Exploring the data 9
2.5 Modelling the data 10
2.6 Notational conventions 12
2.7 Making inferences from data 13
2.8 What have we learnt so far? 15
Uncertainty: variation, probability and inference 17
3.1 Variation 17
3.2 Probability 21
3.3 Statistical inference 24
3.4 The likelihood function: a principled approach
to statistical inference 27
3.5 Further reading 31
Exploratory data analysis: gene expression microarrays 33
4.1 Gene expression microarrays 33
4.2 Displaying single batches of data 36
4.3 Comparing multiple batches of data 40
4.4 Displaying relationships between variables 42
4.5 Customized plots for special data types 45
4.5.1 Time series 45
4.5.2 Spatial data 48
4.5.3 Proportions 49
4.6 Graphical design 50
4.7 Numerical summaries 51
4.7.1 Summation notation 51
4.7.2 Summarizing single and multiple batches of data 52
4.7.3 Summarizing relationships 54
CONTENTS
Experimental design: agricultural field experiments
and clinical trials 57
5.1 Agricultural field experiments 57
5.2 Randomization 59
5.3 Blocking 63
5.4 Factorial experiments 65
5.5 Clinical trials 67
5.6 Statistical significance and statistical power 68
5.7 Observational studies 70
Simple comparative experiments: comparing drug
treatments for chronic asthmatics 71
6.1 Drug treatments for asthma 71
6.2 Comparing two treatments: parallel group and paired
designs 71
6.2.1 The parallel group design 72
6.2.2 The paired design 73
6.3 Analysing data from a simple comparative trial 73
6.3.1 Paired design 73
6.3.2 Parallel group design 75
6.4 Crossover designs 77
6.5 Comparing more than two treatments 78
Statistical modelling: the effect of trace pollutants on
plant growth
7.1 Pollution and plant growth 79
7.2 Scientific laws 80
7.3 Turning a scientific theory into a statistical model:
mechanistic and empirical models
7.4 The simple linear model 83
7.5 Fitting the simple linear model 86
7.6 Extending the simple linear model 87
7.6.1 Transformations 87
7.6.2 More than one explanatory variable 90
7.6.3 Explanatory variables and factors 90
7.6.4 Reanalysis of the asthma trial data 90
7.6.5 Comparing more than two treatments 92
7.6.6 What do these examples tell us? 95
7.6.7 Likelihood-based estimation and testing 95
7.6.8 Fitting a model to the glyphosate data 96
7.7 Checking assumptions 97
7.7.1 Residual diagnostics 99
7.7.2 Checking the model for the root-length data 101
7.8 An exponential growth model 103
7.9 Non-linear models 107
79
80
CONTENTS xiii
7.10 Generalized linear models 108
7.10.1 The logistic model for binary data 108
7.10.2 The log-linear model for count data 110
7.10.3 Fitting generalized linear models 111
7.11 The statistical modelling cycle: formulate, fit, check,
reformulate 112
8 Survival analysis: living with kidney failure 114
8.1 Kidney failure 114
8.2 Estimating a survival curve 115
8.3 How long do you expect to live? 119
8.4 Regression analysis for survival data: proportional
hazards 122
8.5 Analysis of the kidney failure data 123
8.6 Discussion and further reading 126
9 Time series analysis: predicting fluctuations in daily
maximum temperatures 127
9.1 Weather forecasting 127
9.2 Why do time series data need special treatment? 127
9.3 Trend and seasonal variation 128
9.4 Autocorrelation: what is it and why does it matter? 130
9.5 Prediction 133
9.6 Discussion and further reading 138
10 Spatial statistics: monitoring air pollution 141
10.1 Air pollution 141
10.2 Spatial variation 144
10.3 Exploring spatial variation: the spatial correlogram 144
10.4 Exploring spatial correlation: the variogram 146
10.5 A case-study in spatial prediction: mapping lead pollution
in Galicia 147
10.5.1 Galicia lead pollution data 147
10.5.2 Calculating the variogram 147
10.5.3 Mapping the Galicia lead pollution data 148
10.6 Further reading 156
Appendix: The R computing environment 158
A.l Background material 158
A.2 Installing R 159
A.3 An example of an R session 160
References 163
Index 167
|
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| discipline | Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft Biologie Agrarwissenschaft Mathematik Wissenschaftskunde |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Diggle, Peter 1950- Verfasser (DE-588)134228014 aut Statistics and scientific method an introduction for students and researchers Peter J. Diggle and Amanda G. Chetwynd 1. publ. Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Pr. 2011 XIII, 172 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturangaben Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (DE-588)4066571-9 gnd rswk-swf Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd rswk-swf Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 s Wissenschaftliches Arbeiten (DE-588)4066571-9 s b DE-604 Chetwynd, Amanda Verfasser (DE-588)1018479546 aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022632413&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Statistics and scientific method an introduction for students and researchers |
| title_auth | Statistics and scientific method an introduction for students and researchers |
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| title_fullStr | Statistics and scientific method an introduction for students and researchers Peter J. Diggle and Amanda G. Chetwynd |
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| title_short | Statistics and scientific method |
| title_sort | statistics and scientific method an introduction for students and researchers |
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