Verfügbarkeit: Principles of human anatomy

Principles of human anatomy:

Covers the structure and function of human anatomy. Also emphasizes physiology, disorders, and the clinical applications of anatomy.

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Hauptverfasser:	Tortora, Gerard J. (VerfasserIn), Nielsen, Mark T. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2012
Ausgabe:	12. ed.
Schlagworte:	Anatomy Human anatomy Human physiology Physiology Anatomie Lehrbuch
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Zusammenfassung:	Covers the structure and function of human anatomy. Also emphasizes physiology, disorders, and the clinical applications of anatomy.
Beschreibung:	getr. Zählung zahlr. Ill.
ISBN:	9780470567050 9780470917466

Internformat

MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	CONTENTS 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY 2 1.1 Anatomy Defined 3 1.2 Levels of Body Organization and Body Systems 4 1.3 Life Processes 10 1.4 Basic Anatomical Terminology 10 Anatomical Position 10 Regional Names 10 Planes and Sections 12 Overview 14 1.5 Body Cavities 16 Thoracic and Abdominal Cavity Membranes 17 1.6 Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants 20 1.7 The Human Body and Disease 21 1.8 Medical Imaging 22 1.9 Measuring the Human Body 25 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 25 1 Self-Quiz Questions 26 1 Critical Thinking Questions 27 1 Answers to Figure Questions 27 2 CELLS 28 2.1 A Generalized Cell 29 2.2 The Plasma Membrane 30 Structure of the Membrane 30 Functions of Membrane Proteins 31 Membrane Permeability 31 Transport Across the Plasma Membrane 31 Kinetic Energy Transport 32 / Transport by Transporter Proteins 32 / Transport in Vesicles 32 2.3 Cytoplasm 35 Cytosol 35 Organelies 36 Centrosome 37 / Cilia and Flagella 37 / Ribosomes 38 Endoplasmic Reticulum 39 / Golgi Complex 39 / Lysosomes 41 Peroxisomes 42 / Proteasomes 42 / Mitochondria 42 2.4 Nucleus 44 2.5 Cell Division 47 Somatic Cell Division 47 Interphase 47 Mitotic Phase 48 Control of Cell Destiny 50 Reproductive Cell Division 51 Meiosis 51 2.6 Cellular Diversity 54 2.7 Aging and Cells 56 Key Medical Terms Associated with Cells 57 f Chapter Review and Resource Summary 57 1 Self-Quiz Questions 59 1 Critical Thinking Questions 61 1 Answers to Figure Questions 61 3 TISSUES 62 3.1 Types of Tissues 63 3.2 Cell Junctions 64 Tight Junctions 65 Adherens Junctions 65 Desmosomes 65 Hemidesmosomes 65 Gap Junctions 65 3.3 Comparison Between Epithelial and Connective Tissues 66 3.4 Epithelial Tissue 66 Classification of Epithelial Tissues 67 Covering and Lining Epithelium 69 Glandular Epithelium 74 Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands 74 Functional Classification of Exocrine Glands 75 3.5 Connective Tissue 76 General Features of Connective Tissue 77 Connective Tissue Cells 77 Connective Tissue Extracellular Matrix 78 Ground Substance 78 / Fibers 79 Classification of Connective Tissues 79 Embryonic Connective Tissue 79 Mature Connective Tissue 80 Loose Connective Tissue 80 Dense Connective Tissue 83 Cartilage 84 Bone Tissue 86 Liquid Connective Tissue 86 3.6 Membranes 88 Epithelial Membranes 88 Mucous Membranes 88 / Serous Membranes 88 Cutaneous Membrane 88 Synovial Membranes 88 3.7 Muscular Tissue 90 3.8 Nervous Tissue 92 3.9 Aging and Tissues 92 Key Medical Terms Associated with Tissues 93 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 93 1 Self-Quiz Questions 95 1 Critical Thinking Questions 97 1 Answers to Figure Questions 97 4 DEVELOPMENT 98 4.1 Embryonic Period 100 First Week of Development 100 Fertilization 100 /Cleavage of the Zygote 101 / Blastocyst Formation 101 / Implantation 102 Second Week of Development 104 Development of the Trophoblast 104 / Development of the Bilaminar Embryonic Disc 104/ Development of the XVIII CONTENTS XIX Amnion 104 /Development of the Yolk Sac 104 /Development of Sinusoids 106 / Development of the Extraembryonic Coelom 106 / Development of the Chorion 106 Third Week of Development 106 Gastrulation 106 / Neurulation 108 / Development of Somites 109 / Development of the Intraembryonic Coelom 110 / Development of the Cardiovascular System 110 / Development of the Chorionic Villi and Placenta 110 Fourth Week of Development 112 Fifth Through Eighth Weeks of Development 114 4.2 Fetal Period 115 4.3 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy 117 4.4 Labor 117 Key Medical Terms Associated with Development 119 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 120 /Self-Quiz Questions 121/ Critical Thinking Questions 122 /Answers to Figure Questions 122 5 THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM 123 5.1 Structure of the Skin 124 Epidermis 124 Stratum Basale 126 / Stratum Spinosum 128 / Stratum Granulosum 128 / Stratum Lucidum 128 / Stratum Corneum 128 / Keratinization and Growth of the Epidermis 128 Dermis 129 The Structural Basis of Skin Color 130 /Tattooing and Body Piercing 131 Subcutaneous Layer or Hypodermis 131 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin 132 Hair 132 Anatomy of a Hair 133 / Hair Growth 135 / Types of Hairs 135 /Hair Color 135 Skin Glands 136 Sebaceous Glands 136 / Sudoriferous Glands 137 / Ceruminous Glands 137 Nails 138 5.3 Types of Skin 140 5.4 Function of the Skin 140 5.5 Blood Supply of the Integumentary System 141 5.6 Development of the Integumentary System 143 5.7 Aging and the Integumentary System 145 Key Medical Terms Associated with the integumentary System 145 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 146 1 Self- Quiz Questions 148 1 Critical Thinking Questions 149 1 Answers to Figure Questions 149 6 BONE TISSUE 150 6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System 151 6.2 Types of Bones 151 6.3 Anatomy of a Bone 152 6.4 Bone Surface Markings 153 6.5 Histology of Bone Tissue 154 Compact Bone Tissue 156 Spongy Bone Tissue 158 6.6 Blood and Nerve Supply of Bone 158 6.7 Bone Formation 159 Initial Bone Formation in an Embryo and Fetus 159 Intramembranous Ossification 159 Endochondral Ossification 161 Bone Growth During Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence 162 Growth in Length 162 / Growth in Thickness 163 Remodeling of Bone 163 6.8 Fractures 166 6.9 Exercise and Bone Tissue 169 6.10 Aging and Bone Tissue 169 6.11 Factors Affecting Bone Growth 169 Key Medical Terms Associated with Bone Tissue 171 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 171 1 Self-Quiz Questions 172 1 Critical Thinking Questions 173 1 Answers to Figure Questions 173 7 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM: THE AXIAL SKELETON 174 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System 175 7.2 Skull 177 f- General Features and Functions 177 Nasal Septum 198 Orbits 198 Foramina 200 Unique Features of the Skull 200 Sutures 200 / Paranasal Sinuses 201 / Fontanels 201 Cranial Fossae 204 Age-related Changes in the Skull 204 Sexual Differences in the Skull 205 7.3 Hyoid Bone 206 7.4 Vertebral Column 207 Normal Curves of the Vertebral Column 207 Intervertébral Discs 207 Parts of a Typical Vertebra 209 Vertebral Body 209 / Vertebral Arch 209 / Processes 210 Regions of the Vertebral Column 211 Age-related Changes in the Vertebral Column 211 7.5 Thorax 220 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Axial Skeleton 224 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 224 1 Self-Quiz Questions 225 1 Critical Thinking Questions 226 1 Answers to Figure Questions 226 8 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM: THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON 227 8.1 Skeleton of the Upper Limb 228 XX CONTENTS 8.2 Skeleton of the Lower Limb 242 8.3 False and True Pelves 247 8.4 Comparison of Female and Male Pelves 248 8.5 Comparison of Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles 248 8.6 Development of the Skeletal System 259 Key Medical Terms Associated with Appendicular Skeleton 261 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 261 Self-Quiz Questions 262 1 Critical Thinking Questions 263 Answers to Figure Questions 263 9 JOINTS 264 9.1 Joint Classifications 265 Ligaments 266 9.2 Fibrous Joints 266 Sutures 266 Syndesmoses 266 Interosseous Membranes 266 9.3 Cartilaginous Joints 268 Synchond roses 268 Symphyses 268 9.4 Synovial Joints 268 Structure of Synovial Joints 268 Articular Capsule 269 / Synovial Fluid 269 / Accessory Ligaments, Articular Discs, and Labra 270 / Nerve and Blood Supply 270 Bursae and Tendon Sheaths 271 Types of Synovial Joints 271 Plane Joints 271 / Hinge Joints 271 / Pivot Joints 271 / Condyloid Joints 271 / Saddle Joints 271 / Ball-and-Socket Joints 271 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints 274 Gliding 274 Angular Movements 274 Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, and Hyperextension 274 / Abduction, Adduction, and Circumduction 274 Rotation 276 Special Movements 277 9.6 Factors Affecting Contact and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints 277 9.7 Selected Joints of the Body 280 9.8 Aging and Joints 298 Key Medical Terms Associated with Joints 299 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 299 Self-Quiz Questions 301 1 Critical Thinking Questions 302 Answers to Figure Questions 302 1 0 MUSCULAR TISSUE 304 10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue 305 Types of Muscular Tissue 305 Functions of Muscular Tissue 305 Properties of Muscular Tissue 305 10.2 Skeletal Muscular Tissue 306 Structure of a Skeletal Muscle 306 Connective Tissue Coverings 306 Nerve and Blood Supply 308 Microscopic Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber (Cell) 308 Sarcolemma, Τ Tubules, and Sarcoplasm 308 / Myofibrils and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum 310 / Filaments and the Sarcomere 310 Muscle Proteins 310 Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 314 Sliding Filament Mechanism 314 /The Neuromuscular Junction 314/ The Contraction Cycle 317 / Excitation-Contraction Coupling 318 Muscle Tone 319 Isotonic and Isometric Contractions 319 10.3 Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers 320 Slow Oxidative Fibers 320 Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers 320 Fast Giycolytic Fibers 320 10.4 Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Tissue 321 Effective Stretching 322 Strength Training 322 10.5 Cardiac Muscle Tissue 322 10.6 Smooth Muscle Tissue 324 10.7 Development of Muscles 326 10.8 Aging and Muscular Tissue 326 Key Medical Terms Associated with Muscular Tissue 327 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 328 Self-Quiz Questions 329 1 Critical Thinking Questions 330 Answers to Figure Questions 331 1 1 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 332 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements 333 Muscle Attachment Sites: Origin and Insertion 333 Lever Systems 334 Effects of Fascicle Arrangement 336 Muscle Actions 337 Coordination Among Muscles 337 Structure and Function of Muscle Groups 337 11.2 How Skeletal Muscles are Named 338 11.3 Principal Skeletal Muscles 338 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Muscular System 436 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 436 1 Self-Quiz Questions 437 1 Critical Thinking Questions 438 1 Answers to Figure Questions 439 1 2 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD 440 12.1 Functions of Blood 441 12.2 Physical Characteristics of Blood 441 CONTENTS XXI 12.3 Components of Blood 441 Blood Plasma 443 Formed Elements 444 12.4 Formation of Blood Cells 445 12.5 Red Blood Cells 447 RBC Anatomy 447 RBC Functions 447 RBC Life Cycle 449 Erythropoiesis: Production of RBCs 449 Blood Group Systems 449 12.6 White Blood Cells 450 WBC Anatomy and Types 450 Granular Leukocytes 451 /Agranular Leukocytes 451 WBC Functions 451 12.7 Platelets 452 12.8 Stem Cell Transplants from Bone Marrow and Cord-Blood 453 Key Medical Terms Associated with Blood 454 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 455 Self-Quiz Questions 456 1 Critical Thinking Questions 457 Answers to Figure Questions 457 13 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: THE HEART 458 13.1 Location and Surface Projection of the Heart 459 13.2 Structure and Function of the Heart 461 Pericardium 461 Layers of the Heart Wall 463 Chambers of the Heart 464 Right Atrium 464 / Right Ventricle 464 / Left Atrium 466/ Left Ventricle 468 Myocardial Thickness and Function 468 Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart 468 Heart Valves 468 Atrioventricular Valves 469 / Semilunar Valves 469 13.3 Circulation of Blood 471 Systemic and Pulmonary Circulations 471 Coronary Circulation 471 Coronary Arteries 472 / Coronary Veins 474 13.4 Cardiac Conduction System and Innervation 475 Cardiac Conduction System 475 Cardiac Nerves 476 13.5 Cardiac Cycle (Heartbeat) 477 13.6 Heart Sounds 478 13.7 Exercise and the Heart 478 13.8 Development of the Heart 483 Key Medical Terms Associated with The Heart 484 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 485 Self-Quiz Questions 486 1 Critical Thinking Questions 487 Answers to Figure Questions 487 14 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD VESSELS 488 14.1 Anatomy of Blood Vessels 489 Basic Structure of a Blood Vessel 489 Tunica Interna (Intima) 489 /Tunica Media 491 /Tunica Externa 491 Arteries 491 Elastic Arteries 491 / Muscular Arteries 491 ІІИ Anastomoses 492 Arterioles 492 Capillaries 492 Venules 494 Veins 494 Blood Distribution 496 14.2 Circulatory Routes 497 Systemic Circulation 497 The Hepatic Portal Circulation 537 The Pulmonary Circulation 538 The Fetal Circulation 538 14.3 Development of Blood Vessels and Blood 542 14.4 Aging and the Cardiovascular System 542 Key Medical Terms Associated with Blood Vessels 544 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 544 Self-Quiz Questions 545 1 Critical Thinking Questions 546 Answers to Figure Questions 546 1 5 THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY 547 15.1 Lymphatic System Structure and Functions 548 Functions of the Lymphatic System 548 Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Circulation 550 Lymphatic Capillaries 551 / Lymph Trunks and Ducts 551 / Formation and Flow of Lymph 552 Lymphatic Organs and Tissues 553 Thymus 553 / Lymph Nodes 555 / Spleen 557 / Lymphatic Nodules 559 15.2 Principal Groups of Lymph Nodes 559 15.3 Development of Lymphatic Tissues 570 15.4 Aging and the Lymphatic System 570 Key Medical Terms Associated with Lymphatic System and Immunity 572 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 572 Self-Quiz Questions 573 1 Critical Thinking Questions 574 Answers to Figure Questions 574 16 NERVOUS TISSUE 575 16.1 Overview of the Nervous System 576 Structures of the Nervous System 576 XXII CONTENTS Organization of the Nervous System 576 Anatomical Organization 576 / Functional Organization 577 16.2 Histology of Nervous Tissue 579 Neurons 579 Parts of a Neuron 579 / Cell Body 579 / Nerve Fibers 580 Synapses 581 Neuromuscular Junction 582 / Synapses Between Neurons 582 / Neurotransmitters 582 / Structural Diversity in Neurons 583 Neuroglia 584 Neuroglia of the CNS 584 / Neuroglia of the PNS 586 Myei і nation 586 Gray and White Matter 587 16.3 Neural Circuits 589 16.4 Regeneration and Neurogenesis 590 Key Medical Terms Associated with Nervous Tissue 591 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 591 1 Self -Quiz Questions 592 1 Critical Thinking Questions 593 1 Answers to Figure Questions 593 17 THE SPINAL CORD AND THE SPINAL NERVES 594 17.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy 595 Protective Structures 595 Vertebral Column 595 / Meninges 595 External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 595 Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord 599 17.2 Spinal Nerves 602 Structure of a Single Nerve 602 Organization of Spinal Nerves 603 Branches of Spinal Nerves 604 Plexuses 604 / Intercostal Nerves 616 Dermatomes Versus Cutaneous Fields 616 17.3 Spinal Cord Functions 616 Sensory and Motor Tracts 616 Reflexes and Reflex Arcs 618 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Spinal Cord and the Spinal Nerves 619 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 6201 Self-Quiz Questions 621 1 Critical Thinking Questions 622 Answers to Figure Questions 622 1 8 THE BRAIN AND THE CRANIAL NERVES 623 18.1 Development and General Structure of the Brain 624 Brain Development 624 Major Parts of the Brain 624 18.2 Protection and Blood Supply 627 Protective Coverings of the Brain 627 Cerebrospinal Fluid 627 Formation of CSF in the Ventricles 627 / Functions of CSF 627 / Circulation of CSF 627 Brain Blood Flow and the Blood-Brain Barrier 631 18.3 The Brain Stem and Reticular Formation 634 Medulla Oblongata 634 Pons 636 Midbrain 636 Reticular Formation 637 18.4 The Cerebellum 639 18.5 The Diencephalon 641 Thalamus 641 Hypothalamus 642 Epithalamus 643 Circumventricular Organs 643 18.6 The Cerebrum 644 Structure of the Cerebrum 644 Cerebral White Matter 646 Basal Nuclei 646 The Limbie System 648 18.7 Functional Organization of the Cerebral Cortex 650 Sensory Areas 650 Motor Areas 651 Association Areas 651 Hemispheric Lateralization 653 Memory 653 Brain Waves 653 18.8 Aging and the Nervous System 654 18.9 Cranial Nerves 654 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Brain and the Cranial Nerves 669 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 669 Self-Quiz Questions 671 1 Critical Thinking Questions 673 Answers to Figure Questions 673 1 9 THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 674 19.1 Comparison of Somatic and Autonomie Nervous Systems 675 Somatic Nervous System 675 Autonomie Nervous System 675 Comparison of Somatic and Autonomie Motor Neurons 676 19.2 Anatomy of Autonomie Motor Pathways 677 Understanding Autonomie Motor Pathways 677 Migration of the Neural Crest Tissue 678 Shared Anatomical Components of an Autonomie Motor Pathway 679 Motor Neurons and Autonomie Ganglia 679 / Autonomie Plexuses 679 19.3 Structure of the Sympathetic Division 681 Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons 681 Sympathetic Ganglia and Postganglionic Neurons 684 Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia 684 / Prevertebral Ganglia 684 19.4 Structure of the Parasympathetic Division 685 Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons 685 Parasympathetic Ganglia and Postganglionic Neurons 685 19.5 Structure of the Enteric Division 687 19.6 ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors 687 Cholinergic Neurons and Receptors 687 CONTENTS XXIII Adrenergîc Neurons and Receptors 688 19.7 Functions of the ANS 688 Sympathetic Responses 689 Parasympathetic Responses 690 19.8 Integration and Control of Autonomie Functions 692 Autonomie Reflexes 692 Autonomie Control by Higher Centers 692 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Autonomie Nervous System 693 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 693 / Self-Quiz Questions 695/ Critical Thinking Questions 696 1 Answers to Figure Questions 696 20 SOMATIC SENSES AND MOTOR CONTROL 697 20.1 Overview of Sensations 698 Definition of Sensations 698 Characteristics of Sensations 698 Classification of Sensations 698 Types of Sensory Receptors 698 20.2 Somatic Sensations 699 Tactile Sensations 699 Touch 699 / Pressure and Vibration 700 / Itch and Tickle 700 Thermal Sensations 701 Pain Sensations 701 Types of Pain 701 / Localization of Pain 701 Proprioceptive Sensations 701 Muscle Spindles 702 / Tendon Organs 703 / Joint Kinesthetic Receptors 703 20.3 Somatic Sensory Pathways 704 Posterior Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway to the Cortex 705 Anterolateral Pathways to the Cortex 706 Mapping the Primary Somatosensory Area 706 Somatic Sensory Pathways to the Cerebellum 706 20.4 Somatic Motor Pathways 707 Mapping the Motor Areas 709 Direct Motor Pathways 709 Indirect Motor Pathways 710 Roles of the Basal Nuclei 710 Roles of the Cerebellum 711 20.5 Integration of Sensory Input and Motor Output 712 Key Medical Terms Associated with Somatic Senses and Motor Control 713 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 713 1 Self-Quiz Questions 714 1 Critical Thinking Questions 716 1 Answers to Figure Questions 716 21 SPECIAL SENSES 717 21.1 Olfaction: Sense of Smell 718 Anatomy of Olfactory Receptors 719 The Olfactory Pathway 720 21.2 Gustation: Sense of Taste 720 Anatomy of Gustatory Receptors 720 The Gustatory Pathway 722 21.3 Vision 722 Accessory Structures of the Eye 722 Eyelids 722 / Eyelashes and Eyebrows 724 / The Lacrimal Apparatus 724 / Extrinsic Eye Muscles 724 Anatomy of the Eyeball 724 Fibrous Tunic 724 / Vascular Tunic 724 /Retina 726/ Lens 729 / Interior of the Eyeball 729 The Visual Pathway 730 Processing of Visual Input in the Retina 731 / Pathway in the Brain 731 21.4 Hearing and Equilibrium 732 Anatomy of the Ear 732 External (Outer) Ear 732 / Middle Ear 733 / Internal (Inner) Ear 734 Mechanism of Hearing 739 The Auditory Pathway 740 Mechanism of Equilibrium 740 Otolithic Organs: Saccule and Utricle 741 / Semicircular Ducts 741 Equilibrium Pathways 741 21.5 Development of the Eyes and Ears 746 Development of the Eyes 746 Development of the Ears 747 21.6 Aging and the Special Senses 748 Key Medical Terms Associated with Special Senses 748 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 749 1 Self-Quiz Questions 750 1 Critical Thinking Questions 752 1 Answers to Figure Questions 752 22 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 753 22.1 Endocrine Glands Defined 754 22.2 Hormones 754 22.3 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland 756 Anterior Pituitary 757 Posterior Pituitary 758 22.4 Pineal Gland and Thymus 761 22.5 Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Glands 761 22.6 Adrenal Glands 765 Adrenal Cortex 766 Adrenal Medulla 766 22.7 Pancreas 768 22.8 Ovaries and Testes 770 22.9 Other Endocrine Tissues 772 22.10 Development of the Endocrine System 772 22.11 Aging and the Endocrine System 773 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Endocrine System 774 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 774 1 Self-Quiz Questions 776 1 Critical Thinking Questions 777 1 Answers to Figure Questions 777 XXIV CONTENTS 23 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 778 23.1 Respiratory System Anatomy 779 Nose 779 Pharynx 783 Larynx 784 The Structures of Voice Production 786 Trachea 788 Bronchi 789 Lungs 792 Lobes, Fissures, and Lobules 795 /Alveoli 797 / Blood Supply to the Lungs 798 Patency of the Respiratory System 798 23.2 Mechanics of Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing) 800 Inhalation 800 Exhalation 801 23.3 Regulation of Respiration 802 Role of the Respiratory Center 802 Medullary Rhythmicity Area 803 / Pneumotaxic Area 803 / Apneustic Area 803 Regulation of the Respiratory Center 803 Cortical Influences on Respiration 803 / Chemoreceptor Regulation of Respiration 803 / The Inflation Reflex 804 23.4 Exercise and the Respiratory System 804 23.5 Development of the Respiratory System 805 23.6 Aging and the Respiratory System 806 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Respiratory System 806 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 807 1 Self-Quiz Questions 808 1 Critical Thinking Questions 810 /Answers to Figure Questions 810 24 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM 811 24.1 Overview of the Digestive System 812 24.2 Layers of the Gl Tract 814 Mucosa 814 Submucosa 815 Muscularis 815 Serosa 815 24.3 Peritoneum 815 24.4 Mouth 818 Salivary Glands 819 Tongue 820 Teeth 821 24.5 Pharynx 824 24.6 Esophagus 824 Histology of the Esophagus 824 Functions of the Esophagus 825 24.7 Stomach 826 Anatomy of the Stomach 826 Histology of the Stomach 828 Functions of the Stomach 830 24.8 Pancreas 831 Anatomy of the Pancreas 831 Histology of the Pancreas 832 Functions of the Pancreas 832 24.9 Liver and Gallbladder 833 Anatomy of the Liver and Gallbladder 833 Histology of the Liver and Gallbladder 834 Blood and Nerve Supply of the Liver and Gallbladder 837 Functions of the Liver and Gallbladder 838 24.10 Small Intestine 838 Anatomy of the Small Intestine 838 Histology of the Small Intestine 839 Functions of the Small Intestine 481 24.11 Large Intestine 845 Anatomy of the Large Intestine 846 Histology of the Large Intestine 847 Functions of the Large Intestine 849 24.12 Development of the Digestive System 850 24.13 Aging and the Digestive System 851 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Digestive System 852 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 853 1 Self-Quiz Questions 855 1 Critical Thinking Questions 856 1 Answers to Figure Questions 856 25 THE URINARY SYSTEM 857 25.1 Overview of the Urinary System 858 25.2 Anatomy and Histology of the Kidneys 860 External Anatomy of the Kidneys 860 Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys 860 Blood and Nerve Supply of the Kidneys 863 The Nephron 864 Parts of a Nephron 864 / Histology of the Nephron and Collecting Duct 867 25.3 Functions of Nephrons 870 Glomerular Filtration 870 Tubular Reabsorption 872 Tubular Secretion 872 25.4 Urine Transportation, Storage, and Elimination 873 Ureters 873 Urinary Bladder 875 Urethra 877 25.5 Development of the Urinary System 879 25.6 Aging and the Urinary System 880 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Urinary System 881 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 881 1 Self-Quiz Questions 882 1 Critical Thinking Questions 883 I Answers to Figure Questions 883 26 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS 884 26.1 Male Reproductive System 885 Scrotum 885 Testes 887 Sperm 891 CONTENTS XXV Reproductive System Ducts in Males 892 Ducts of the Testis 892 / Epididymis 892 / Ductus Deferens 893 / Ejaculatory Ducts 894 /Urethra 894 Spermatic Cord 894 Accessory Sex Glands in Males 894 Seminal Vesicles 894 / Prostate 894 / Bulbourethral Glands 894 Semen 896 Penis 896 26.2 Female Reproductive System 898 Ovaries 898 Histology of the Ovaries 901 / Oogénesis and Follicular Development 902 Uterine Tubes 905 Uterus 908 Vagina 910 Vulva 912 Perineum 913 Mammary Glands 914 26.3 Female Reproductive Cycle 917 Menstrual Phase 918 Events in the Ovaries 918 / Events in the Uterus 918 Preovulatory Phase 918 Events in the Ovaries 918 / Events in the Uterus 918 Ovulation 918 Postovulatory Phase 918 Events in the Ovaries 919 / Events in the Uterus 919 26.4 Birth Control Methods and Abortion 921 Birth Control Methods 921 Surgical Sterilization 921 / Non-incisional Sterilization 922 / Hormonal Methods 922 / Intrauterine Devices 922 / Spermicides 922 / Barrier Methods 922 / Periodic Abstinence 923 Abortion 923 26.5 Development of the Reproductive Systems 923 26.6 Aging and the Reproductive Systems 926 Key Medical Terms Associated with the Reproductive Systems 926 1 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 927 1 Self-Quiz Questions 929 1 Critical Thinking Questions 930 1 Answers to Figure Questions 931 27 SURFACE ANATOMY 932 27.1 Overview of the Surface Anatomy 933 Chapter Review and Resource Summary 956 1 Self-Quiz Questions 956 1 Critical Thinking Questions 957 1 Answers to Figure Questions 957 APPENDIX A Measurements A-1 / APPENDIX В Answers B-1 / Glossary G-1 / Credits C-1 / Index 1-1
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spelling	Tortora, Gerard J. Verfasser (DE-588)132130270 aut Principles of human anatomy Gerard J. Tortora ; Mark T. Nielsen 12. ed. Hoboken, NJ Wiley 2012 getr. Zählung zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Covers the structure and function of human anatomy. Also emphasizes physiology, disorders, and the clinical applications of anatomy. Anatomy Human anatomy Human physiology Physiology Anatomie (DE-588)4001895-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Anatomie (DE-588)4001895-7 s b DE-604 Nielsen, Mark T. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022619234&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Tortora, Gerard J. Nielsen, Mark T. Principles of human anatomy Anatomy Human anatomy Human physiology Physiology Anatomie (DE-588)4001895-7 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4001895-7 (DE-588)4123623-3
title	Principles of human anatomy
title_auth	Principles of human anatomy
title_exact_search	Principles of human anatomy
title_full	Principles of human anatomy Gerard J. Tortora ; Mark T. Nielsen
title_fullStr	Principles of human anatomy Gerard J. Tortora ; Mark T. Nielsen
title_full_unstemmed	Principles of human anatomy Gerard J. Tortora ; Mark T. Nielsen
title_short	Principles of human anatomy
title_sort	principles of human anatomy
topic	Anatomy Human anatomy Human physiology Physiology Anatomie (DE-588)4001895-7 gnd
topic_facet	Anatomy Human anatomy Human physiology Physiology Anatomie Lehrbuch
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022619234&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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