Esterházy János: élete és mártirhalála
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Hungarian |
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2010
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| Beschreibung: | 443 S. Ill. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788089286300 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145728385187840 |
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| adam_text | FÜGGELÉK
JÁNOS ESTERHÁZY
(Born on March
14, 1901,
in Újlak;
died on March
8,1957,
in the prison of
Mirov,)
János Esterházy
was born in
Újlak,
near
Nitra,
in
1901.
Like his ances¬
tors he wanted to serve Hungary with his heart and soul. It was an anguishing
blow to him when in
1919-1920
the region of his family-home was detached
from Hungary by the peace treaties which followed World War I and in¬
corporated in the newly created Czechoslovak state.
It was this which started the drama of
János Esterházy s
life. Like all of
the Hungarians, he did not wish to resign himself to the dispositions of the
peace treaties; he had but one aim in life: to devote himself to the work for
a peaceful revision, which he wanted to be based on the right for self-deter¬
mination of the peoples.
In order to work for the realization of this aim, he went into politics and
became, in
1924,
a member of the Christian Social Party of the Hungarian
population living in Czechoslovakia. In
1932
he became president of this party.
At the election of
1935
he was elected deputy of the Hungarian minority to
the Czechoslovak Parliament in Prague. As its deputy,
Esterházy
struggled un¬
tiringly for the rights of the Hungarian population he represented.
In
1937,
under President Benes, Prague and Moscow concluded a mil¬
itary Treaty, which put the Czechoslovak military airfields at the disposal of
the Soviet army in case of war.
Esterházy
saw this as a threat to the stability
in Central Europe.
But another danger was already looming on the horizon at that time:
Hitler had already re-joined the
Saar-
Region to Germany, and it was clear
he meant to annex Austria.
In March
1938
he marched into Vienna and incorporated Austria in the
German Reich. Immediately after that he started a vehemently passionate
campaign against the peace treaties and against the Czechoslovak state.
Hitler began the campaign against Czechoslovakia by inciting the
3
million Sudeten-Germans who had been incorporated in this state against
their will by the peace treaties of
1919.
At Hitler s behest this Sudeten-Ger¬
man minority started a regular revolt against the Czechoslovak state in the
autumn of
1938.
Hitler then invited the Hungarian minority of Czechoslo¬
vakia
tojóin
the Sudeten-German revolt.
421
ESTERHÁZY JÁNOS ÉLETE ÉS MÁRTÍRHALÁLA
He promised that if the Hungarian minority joined the Germans in their
fight against the Czechoslovak state, then he
-
Hitler
-
would obtain the long
yearned-for revision of the treaties, and thus would rejoin the Hungarian mi¬
nority to its mother-country: Hungary.
This promise of Hitler was a terrible temptation for many Hungarians
who no longer hoped for a revision coming from the Western powers. But
the Leader of the Hungarian minority
-
János Esterházy
-
overcame this
tragic temptation. Although he wanted revision more than anything else in
the world, he did not wish to get it at the price of collaborating with Hitler.
Esterházy
considered Hitler and his Nazi regime as an enemy of
mankind, just as he considered Stalin and the Soviet regime to be the free
world s most dire enemy. Thus
Esterházy
flatly refused to collaborate in the
anti-Czechoslovak revolt of the Hitler-inspired Sudeten-Germans. He con¬
tented himself with launching an appeal, in the name of the Hungarian mi¬
nority, to all of the great powers, for the free exercise of the right of self-de¬
termination for the Hungarian population in the Czechoslovak state.
At the same time, he made appeals to the Hungarian minority to keep
calm and to refrain from demonstrations, which might provoke incidents with
the Czechoslovak authorities.
János Esterházy
wished to avoid such incidents in order not to increase
the already very dangerous international tension. As a result of his appeals,
the Hungarian minority remained perfectly calm during the critical days of
the Sudeten-crisis and no incidents occurred between the Hungarian pop¬
ulation and the Czechoslovak authorities.
During these weeks, the British government sent its special envoy: Lord
Runciman to Prague, wishing to help the Czechoslovak government to solve
the conflict between the Czechoslovak state and the Sudeten-Germans.
János Esterházy,
as representative of the Hungarian Minority Party, submitted
to Lord Runciman a memorandum on the ways and means the conflict with
the Hungarian minority might be solved.
However, the mission of Lord Runciman was not successful and Hitler
threatened to invade Czechoslovakia to back the Sudeten-German revolt. To
avoid this armed aggression which would have crushed the Czechoslovak
state, the British Premier Chamberlain invited Hitler and Mussolini to con¬
fer with him and with the French Premier
Daladier
in Munich. On the 30th
of September,
1938,
the
4
statesmen came to an agreement: the Munich
Agreement, which decided to hand over the Sudeten-German regions of
Czechoslovakia to Germany.
422
FÜGGELÉK
According to the same Agreement, the problems between Hungary and
Czechoslovakia were to be solved through direct negotiations between the
two governments. Soon after the Hungarian and Czechoslovak envoys met
at
Komárom,
but could come to no agreement.
Thereafter the Czechoslovak government asked Hitler and Mussolini for
an arbitrage. The Hungarian government then accepted this arbitrage which
took place in Vienna, on the
2nd
of November,
1938.
The Vienna Award gave
back to Hungary those border-regions of Czechoslovakia which were in¬
habited by a majority of Hungarian population.
János Esterházy s
region was not rejoined to Hungary. He remained in
Czechoslovakia and continued to represent in the Parliament of Prague the
remnants of the Hungarian minority, which the Vienna Award left within the
borders of the Czechoslovak Republic.
In the months following the Munich Agreement, especially since Janu¬
ary
1939,
it became evident that Hitler was striving to lay hands on all of the
countries of Central Europe. So at all costs,
János Esterházy
wished for a
strong military barrier which would oppose Hitler s expansion towards the
East. At this time,
János Esterházy
was more than ever convinced that con¬
sidering the internal weakness of the Czechoslovak state only the closest Pol¬
ish-Hungarian military cooperation would be capable of erecting this ram¬
part of defense which could stop the thrust of Nazi advance towards the Cen¬
tral European regions.
It was not only the Hitlerian peril that
János Esterházy
feared, but also
the danger of a Soviet expansion towards Central Europe. He as well as sev¬
eral Polish and Hungarian politicians, felt their countries threatened by the
Soviet Union, ever since the Czechoslovak-Soviet military treaty had put the
Czechoslovak airfields to the disposal of the Soviet army in case of war. Since
that time, the Polish and the Hungarian governments no longer considered
the Czechoslovak state to be a safe neighbour. Therefore the Polish Foreign
Minister Mr. Beck and State Secretary Mr. Szembek, together with Hun¬
garian politicians and
János Esterházy,
started working for a common Pol¬
ish-Hungarian military frontier which would permit the closest cooperation
of the two armies in case of an armed conflict.
In order to realize the plan of a Polish-Hungarian military frontier, War¬
saw strove to support the Slovak Autonomist Movement which for years
aimed to separate Slovakia from Prague. The Polish and Hungarian states¬
men as well as
Esterházy
were convinced that, once separated from the
Czechs, Slovakia would search support from her Northern neighbour,
423
ESTERHÁZY JÁNOS ÉLETE ÉS MÁRTÍRHALÁLA
Poland and her
Southern
neighbour,
Hungary,
thus enabling the closest mil¬
itary cooperation between the Polish and the Hungarian armies in case of
any danger.
The hopes of the Polish and the Hungarian politicians did not come
true. For the Slovak Autonomist Movement suddenly turned away from
Poland and Hungary, searching and obtaining support from a far greater
power: Hitler.
Backed and supported by Hitler, Slovakia s leaders, J.
Tiso,
V.
Tuka
and
A. Mach
launched a vehement campaign for the separation of their country
from the Czech Republic. On the 14th of March,
1939,
the Slovak National
Assembly proclaimed the „Independent Slovak State .
Twelve hours later, in the night of thel5th of March, Hitler s armed forces
marched into Prague and occupied the whole Czech state, which became a
„Protectorate
of the Reich, with a German Gauleiter at its head.
This brutal annihilation of the Czech peoples independence immediately
awakened in
János Esterházy
an indignant will of resistance against this
newest act of Nazi aggression. Although he had always been an adversary of
the Czechoslovak state because it had incorporated large Hungarian terri¬
tories, he now felt intensely for the Czech people, whom Hitler had robbed
of their liberty. And he knew that Hitler would rob the liberty of all of the
other small Central European nations, too, and therefore the hour struck for
him to unite all these endangered nations in their endeavors to resist Hitler
s
aims. He immediately started helping Czechs and anti-Hitler Slovaks to es¬
cape from their crumbled country and reach the free world in order to or¬
ganize the struggle for its liberation. It was thanks to this help of
Esterházy
that the Czechoslovak General
Viest
and others were able to reach the Free
World and President Benes in exile.
Esterházy
set out immediately to organize the Hungarian minority in
Slovakia against the intensified Nazi propaganda and against the anti-Jew¬
ish measures which the Slovak puppet-government has started to take.
The Slovak puppet-government, with J.
Tiso,
V.
Tuka
and
A. Mach
at its
head, became a most willing tool in Hitlers hands. Thus, when on the
1st
of
September,
1939,
the Nazi armed attack against Poland caused the outbreak
of World War
IL,
this Slovak puppet-government declared itself to be the
FUHRER s most faithful ally and willingly helped the German army to
march through Slovakia in order to attack Poland from the South.
After Hitler crushed Poland, the Slovak puppet-government decided to
liquidate the Jews in Slovakia, like the Nazis had liquidated them in Germany.
424
FÜGGELÉK
Following a series of measures which had deprived the Slovakian Jews
of all their possessions and of their most elementary human rights, the Slo¬
vak government decided to deport them to the Nazi concentration-camps of
the Reich. On the 15th of May,
1942,
the Slovak National Assembly unan¬
imously voted a law-decree ordering the deportation of the Jews.
János Es¬
terházy,
the sole deputy of the Hungarian minority, was the only one who
openly refused to vote the law declaring that he would never vote a law so ut¬
terly opposed to his Christian and democratic principles.
The Nazi press of Slovakia and the Reich went wild with fury over this
and clamoured for the arrest of
János Esterházy.
But in spite of this, he pub¬
licly and repeatedly protested in the Slovak Parliament against the harass¬
ment, deportation and imprisonment of innocent people. Moreover, he
helped numerous Jews to flee from Slovakia to Hungary, where, all the way
until
1944,
the Hungarian government braved the Hitlerian threats and gave
shelter to Jews who were fleeing there from the neighbouring Nazi-ruled
countries.
For these reasons the Gestapo wanted to arrest
János Esterházy.
But the
German government feared to let it take this measure, because
Esterházy
was
extremely popular in Hungary, and his arrest would have provoked a violent
outburst of anti-German indignation in that country.
When in the autumn of
1944
the Hungarian government of Regent
Horthy
was overthrown by the German
SS
and its Hungarian puppets, the
German government was not concerned anymore by the Hungarian aversion,
and ordered the arrest of
János Esterházy.
He learned it in time, and went into
hiding.
The Gestapo left Slovakia on the approach of the Soviet forces.
János Es¬
terházy
came out of hiding and returned to the office of the Hungarian Mi¬
nority Party in Bratislava where he awaited the coming of the Soviet armies.
He had always hoped that it would be the Anglo-American forces which
would liberate Central Europe from the Nazi rule. He was afflicted to the core
of his being that the Western powers let the Soviet armies drive out Hitler
from the Central European countries, instead of doing so themselves.
Many of his friends beseeched
János Esterházy
not to await the Soviet
troops but to flee westwards, towards the Western armies. But
János Ester¬
házy
did not wish to abandon the Hungarian population for which he had
lived and worked since his youth. And he added: „I do not wish to leave this
country together with Hitlers troops. I don t want to go away with the
Nazis. He remained, and optimistic as ever, tried to hope against hope that
425
ESTERHÁZY JÁNOS ÉLETE ÉS MÁRTÍRHALÁLA
the
Western
radio broadcasts were not mistaken when they repeated that the
Soviet Union would not interfere with the interior affairs of the liberated
countries.
After long and heavy battles with the retreating German army the So¬
viet forces entered Bratislava in April
1945.
These Soviet troops behaved atro¬
ciously, looting and deporting the civilians to forced labour and to unknown
destinations. At the same time, the Communist Party started a fierce prop¬
aganda-campaign for the expulsion of the Hungarian minority and for the
confiscation of all its possessions. The new Czechoslovak authorities started
interning the Hungarian minority in concentration-camps, accusing them of
being „Fascists .
Then, for the last time,
János Esterházy
arose in defense of his beloved
people. The leaders of the Hungarian Party edited a memorandum in their
defense, stating that the Hungarian minority had never been Fascist, on the
contrary, had resisted Hitler s methods all along the years of Nazi rule in Slo¬
vakia.
Esterházy
wished to hand over this memorandum to the new
Czechoslovak governments Interior Commissar for Slovakia,
Gustav Husak,
and asked to be received by him. He was received by the Commissar, handed
him over the memorandum and then asked him to assure government-pro¬
tection for the Hungarian population and declared that it never had been Fas¬
cist, on the contrary had always resisted the Nazis. Commissar Husak knew
full well that every word
János Esterházy
said was true. But in spite of this
he had him arrested on the spot and ordered the new political police to put
him in prison. This happened in May
1945.
Now, when the Allied-victory made the Czechoslovak state come to life
again, its new government decided to punish
János Esterházy
for his „revi¬
sionism . So in spite of the fact that
János Esterházy
had refused to collabo¬
rate with Hitler and the Sudeten-Germans in
1938,
and in spite of his re¬
sistance to Hitlerism during Nazi occupation, and regardless of the help he
had given to the Czechoslovak resistance, the new communist-swayed
Czechoslovak government wished to condemn him and his Hungarian Mi¬
nority Party as „Fascists and revisionists . They wanted to brand
János Es¬
terházy
and the Hungarian Minority Party as „Fascists and „revisionists in
order to have a pretext to confiscate all the possessions of the Hungarian pop¬
ulation and expel them from the territory of Czechoslovakia.
János Esterházy
was pending trial in the prison of the Czechoslovak political police in
Bratislava when things suddenly took an unexpected turn. On the 24th of
June,
1945,
the Soviet NKVD suddenly turned up in that prison and re-
426
FÜGGELÉK
quested the Czechoslovak police to hand
János Esterházy
over to them. The
new Czechoslovak political police, already terrorized by the Soviet NKVD,
handed him over to the NKVD-men, who bore him off to their secret
headquarters.
A month later, in July
1945,
the NKVD deported
János Esterházy
to the
Soviet Union, together with several other leading members of the Hungar¬
ian Party. They were deported by the NKVD because the Hungarian Mi¬
nority Party was generally known for its anti-Communist spirit.
Starting from the day the NKVD had born them off, they were tortured
by the NKVD-men who wanted the captive leaders of the Hungarian Party
to confess that it had been a Fascist party. In Moscow,
János Esterházy
and
his friends were imprisoned in the ill-famed Ljubianka, where several of them
died. Mortally worn out by hunger and torture,
János Esterházy
was convicted
to
10
years of hard labor and transferred in
1946
to a labor-camp in Siberia.
More than two years after his deportation, on the 17th of September,
1947,
while still a prisoner in the Soviet Union, the Czechoslovak Peoples
Court in Bratislava condemned him to death in his absence. At this mock trial,
no witnesses were heard. It was in vain that the defender bravely demanded
from the Court to hear the witnesses. The Peoples Court refused to hear
them. It contented itself by having the act of accusation read
-
after which it
retired to deliberate. This „trial which had begun at
9
in the morning, ended
at
12
at noon of the same day, with a death sentence against the accused.
This death sentence against
János Esterházy
aroused the indignation not
only of the Hungarians in Czechoslovakia, but also of the Czechs and Slo¬
vaks. Professor Charles Koch, a leading Czech resistant of the Nazi days,
openly branded this sentence as
„Justizmord .
A few days after this mock trial,
János Esterházy s
sister already in exile
in Paris, got the news of the death sentence against her brother. She forth¬
with telegraphed to President Benes protesting against the condemnation of
her brother and asking the President to bring the accused back to Czecho¬
slovakia and assure him a free and unhampered defense at a renewed, dem¬
ocratic, and genuine trial.
President Benes answered Miss
Esterházy
through the CSR embassy in
Paris that he will comply with her request, and that
János Esterházy
will be
given all the chances of unhampered defense at a renewed trial in Czecho¬
slovakia. This answer of President Benes reached
János Esterházy s
sister in
Paris in November
1947,
together with his promise that the death sentence
will not be repeated. In February
1948,
however, the government of President
427
ESTERHÁZY JÁNOS ÉLETE ÉS MÁRTÍRHALÁLA
Benes
was overthrown by the communists and a few months later it was the
communist leader, Clement
Gottwald
who became the President of the
Czechoslovak Republic.
A year later, on the 30th of April,
1949,
the Soviet government sent
János
Esterházy
back to Czechoslovakia. The death sentence against him still
valid, he could have been executed within
48
hours.
On hearing that he was back and in danger of being executed a Jewish
friend, E. Prisender rushed off to Prague to a befriended Slovak minister, V.
Srobar, who on his part beseeched President
Gottwald
not to permit the ex¬
ecution. Thanks to this intervention, President
Gottwald
suspended the
death sentence, which was later changed into life-long imprisonment.
János Esterházy
was transferred to the Red-Cross Hospital in Bratislava,
because he was dying with tuberculosis. After six weeks of freedom in the
Red-Cross Hospital he was sent back to prison.
Ever since that day, his family has not stopped moving heaven and earth
to obtain for him an amnesty which would have enabled him to leave the
prison and be cared for in a proper hospital. At that time, namely in the spring
and summer of
1949,
the family of
Esterházy
no longer dared to ask for the
renewal of the trial, because, starting from Cardinal Mindszenty
s
trial in Jan¬
uary
1949,
it was evident that the communist,,Peoples Courts drugged the
prisoners and hypnotized them into making,,spontaneous confessions .
Instead,
Esterházy s
sister never stopped beseeching the authorities to
grant him an amnesty and let him be cared for in a proper hospital. The com¬
munist authorities either did not answer at all to her supplications or else they
answered the following:
„In our People s Democracy an amnesty is not
an act of mercy. Amnesties are granted only
in cases, when the punishment has attained its
object: the reeducation of the condemned.
Thus, as
János Esterházy
did not let himself bcre-educated by the com¬
munists, the communist regime refused to grant him amnesty. All along the
interminable years of prison,
János Esterházy s
organism fought with all its
remaining strength to keep alive. He wanted to live and see the day when the
dawn of liberty would shine again. This will to live made him hold out against
the disease, in spite of the hunger-rations and the terrible cold of the prison.
According to testimonies of prisoners who had been with him in the Soviet
428
FÜGGELÉK
deportation and in the Czechoslovak communist prisons:
János Esterházy
supported all the tortures of his captivity and all the sufferings of his illness
with a serene courage. This courage had its source in his deep faith, the ra¬
diation of which helped his companions of captivity. He always managed to
console them with his golden humour and sympathy toward their sufferings
even when his own illness, and hunger and cold made him suffer even more.
All these sufferings of
12
cruel years of captivity broke the sick man s or¬
ganism. In February
1957
his state turned critical and he wrote to his fam¬
ily that his end is approaching. A last visit was then permitted to his sister
who after this visit still made desperate efforts to obtain his transfer to a free
hospital. But all in vain!
On the 8th of March,
1957
Esterházy s
sister, Maria received from the
director of the
Mirov
prison the following telegram:
„János Esterházy
died on March
8 —
funeral
through incineration
-
ashes will not be
delivered to you.
Esterházy
remained prisoner even after his death.
Burnt like the victims of Mauthausen and Auschwitz, his ashes have like¬
wise no grave. This is why compassionate hearts decided to lay flowers on the
Unknown Soldiers Tomb: in memory of this martyr who loved life but who
gave it to his country and, who offered his sufferings in the prison to God as a
supreme prayer for the liberation of Hungary and the other captive countries.
Among many testimonies, the most moving one is the following short
news published in the
„Nemzetőr ,
one of the organs of the
1956
Hungar¬
ian insurrection-fighters in exile:
„...
The tattered banner of the Hungarian
revolution bows before
János Esterházy,
because amidst the walls of the
Mirov
prison he
fought on the same front as our revolution did.
His heroic faith made the
Mirov
prison become
a fore post of Hungary s insurrection for liberty:
therefore the revolution considers him to be its
own martyr.
(„Nemzetőr ,
4th April,
1957)
429
ESTERHÁZY JÁNOS
ÉIE T E
ÉS MÁRTÍRHALÁLA
It was written in Paris, between the 10th and 20th of August,
1957,
by
János Esterházy
s
sister, Louise
Esterházy,
who together with her sister Maria
devoted their lives to save their brother s life.
The ashes of
János Esterházy
were found in October
2007
thanks to the
intervention of Prince
Karel Schwarzenberg,
Czech Foreign Minister.
He is buried in the collective burial ground of the victims of communism
in the cemetery of
Motol
in Prague, where he shares his last resting place with
people like him who believed in justice and freedom and paid for their be¬
lief with their lives.
430
TARTALOM
Németh Zsolt: A szentség iránytűje
..................................... 7
Sólyom László: Ötven éve halt meg Esterházy János
....................... 9
I.
A politikusi életpálya kibontakozása
Esterházy János családi háttere és ifjúkora
.............................. 17
A kisebbségi magyar pártok létrejötte és Esterházy első politikai lépései
.... 25
Esterházy János az Országos Keresztényszocialista Párt élén
.............. 34
A magyar pártok együttműködése a prágai parlamentben
................. 45
Hivatalos és nem hivatalos kapcsolatok a magyar kormánnyal
............. 47
Kassa képviselőjeként a prágai parlamentben
........................... 50
Beneš
elnökké választásának körülményei
.............................. 53
Esterházy és a baloldali értelmiség
.................................... 56
A magyar pártegyesítés elhúzódó ügye
................................. 60
Az Egyesült Magyar Párt ügyvezető elnöke
............................ 63
Esterházy felszólalásai a parlament költségvetési vitájában,
illetve a magyar iskola és kultúra védelmében
........................... 72
Esterházy és a szudétanémet politika
.................................. 76
Újabb
Beneš- Esterházy-találkozók
................................... 82
A Vatikánnal való megegyezés kérdése
................................. 86
A csehszlovák válság előjelei
.......................................... 87
Esterházy közvetítő tárgyalásai Lengyelországban
....................... 91
Az
autonomista
front
............................................... 97
A nemzetiségi statútum
............................................. 99
Lord Runciman missziója
.......................................... 102
A bécsi döntés és előzményei
........................................ 107
ILA
horogkereszt árnyékában
Az autonóm szlovák parlament,
illetve az önálló Szlovák Köztársaság megalakulása
..................... 131
Az Egyesült Magyar Párt szervezeti átalakítása
........................ 136
A magyar népcsoport helyzete és a szlovák önállóság
................... 144
A magyar és a német kisebbség jogállása
.............................. 149
441
Esterházy a szlovák parlamentben
................................... 153
A
II.
világháború kitörése
.......................................... 167
Jozef
Tiso,
az államelnök
........................................... 169
Sorsközösség a Duna medencében
................................... 171
A magyarellenesség újabb fejezetei
................................... 175
Felszólalás a szlovák internálótáborok ügyében
........................ 179
A máriavölgyi nagyzarándoklat
...................................... 181
A magyarság a háború viharában
.................................... 182
Esterházy és a szlovák állam vezetői
.................................. 184
A második bécsi döntés
............................................ 188
A népszámlálásról szóló törvényjavaslat vitájában
...................... 189
Esterházy és a magyarországi szlovákság
.............................. 192
A szlovák költségvetés hiányosságairól
................................ 194
A szlovákiai magyar család eszméje
.................................. 195
Teleki Pál halála és Kassa bombázása
................................ 199
Esterházy János levele a szlovák miniszterelnökhöz
..................... 201
Előadások a Debreceni Nyári Egyetemen
............................. 205
A pozsonyi Madách Könyvesház
.................................... 206
A pozsonyi Magyar Takarékpénztár szükségessége
..................... 208
A szlovákiai magyar sajtó nehézségei
................................. 211
A Magyar Párt hivatalos regisztrálása
................................ 214
Petőfi és Arany, majd a Magyar Házak is a támadások kereszttüzében
.... 220
A Magyar Párt szervezeti felépítése
.................................. 222
Ellentétek a pártvezetésen belül
..................................... 225
Rendőrségi fellépés a magyar pártmunka ellen
......................... 227
Esterházy és Karmasin
............................................. 228
Tagrevízió a párttagság soraiban
..................................... 230
Esterházy az idegen eszmékről
...................................... 234
Egy újabb országos körút tapasztalatai
............................... 236
Esterházy és a zsidótörvény
......................................... 241
Az üldözöttek védelmében
.......................................... 246
Ujabb kísérlet a szlovákiai magyarság sorsának jobbítására
............... 256
A magyar irodaimi és tudományos élet színvonalának emeléséért
......... 259
A félelem és a gyűlölet viszonyáról
................................... 262
Ótátraföredi jubileum
.............................................. 264
A magyar család védelmében
........................................ 266
Pacifista kijelentések
............................................... 267
A Tátra expressz
.................................................. 269
Vészterhes idők
................................................... 272
Még egyszer a magyar—szlovák viszonyról
............................. 274
442
Magyarország megszállása után
..................................... 276
A szlovák partizánfelkelés
.......................................... 281
A Magyar Párt végnapjai
........................................... 282
A háború apokalipszisában
......................................... 285
III. A
végkifejlet
Esterházy letartóztatása
............................................ 305
Elhurcoltatása a Szovjetunióba
...................................... 309
Elítéltetése Pozsonyban
............................................ 317
Hazatérés a Szovjetunióból
......................................... 333
A börtönkálvária
.................................................. 345
Halálhír
......................................................... 364
IV.
Esterházy János utóélete
A rehabilitáció
.................................................... 383
Vád és védelem
................................................... 392
Pro
Probitate
..................................................... 401
V.
Függelék
Duray Miklós: Ki volt Esterházy János?
............................... 409
Malfatti-Esterházy
Alice:
Esterházy János és a szlovákiai magyarok
........ 413
Batta
György: Esterházy János második tanúságtétele
................... 415
Malfatti-Esterházy
Alice: Polonia Restituta
............................ 418
János Esterházy
................................................... 421
Felhasznált források és irodalom
..................................... 431
443
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Molnár, Imre 1956- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)138586535 |
| author_facet | Molnár, Imre 1956- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Molnár, Imre 1956- |
| author_variant | i m im |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037424904 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)664669294 (DE-599)BVBBV037424904 |
| era | Geschichte 1901-1957 gnd Geschichte 1919-1957 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1901-1957 Geschichte 1919-1957 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie |
| geographic | Czechoslovakia / Foreign relations / Hungary Hungary / Foreign relations / Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia / Politics and government / 1918-1938 Czechoslovakia / Politics and government / 1938-1945 Tschechoslowakei Ungarn Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Czechoslovakia / Foreign relations / Hungary Hungary / Foreign relations / Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia / Politics and government / 1918-1938 Czechoslovakia / Politics and government / 1938-1945 Tschechoslowakei Ungarn Slowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV037424904 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:24:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788089286300 |
| language | Hungarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022577116 |
| oclc_num | 664669294 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 443 S. Ill. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Méry Ratio |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Molnár, Imre 1956- Verfasser (DE-588)138586535 aut Esterházy János élete és mártirhalála Molnár Imre Budapest Méry Ratio 2010 443 S. Ill. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Esterházy, János / 1901-1957 Esterházy, János 1901-1957 (DE-588)119294389 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1901-1957 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1919-1957 gnd rswk-swf Esterházy, János / Politicians / Czechoslovakia / Hungary, 1918-1945 Hungarians / Slovakia / Biography Statesmen / Czechoslovakia / Biography Außenpolitik Politik Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Czechoslovakia / Foreign relations / Hungary Hungary / Foreign relations / Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia / Politics and government / 1918-1938 Czechoslovakia / Politics and government / 1938-1945 Tschechoslowakei Ungarn Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 gnd rswk-swf Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Slowakei (DE-588)4055297-4 g Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 g Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 s Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Geschichte 1919-1957 z DE-604 Esterházy, János 1901-1957 (DE-588)119294389 p Geschichte 1901-1957 z Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022577116&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022577116&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Molnár, Imre 1956- Esterházy János élete és mártirhalála Esterházy, János / 1901-1957 Esterházy, János 1901-1957 (DE-588)119294389 gnd Esterházy, János / Politicians / Czechoslovakia / Hungary, 1918-1945 Hungarians / Slovakia / Biography Statesmen / Czechoslovakia / Biography Außenpolitik Politik Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)119294389 (DE-588)4100008-0 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4055297-4 (DE-588)4078435-6 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Esterházy János élete és mártirhalála |
| title_auth | Esterházy János élete és mártirhalála |
| title_exact_search | Esterházy János élete és mártirhalála |
| title_full | Esterházy János élete és mártirhalála Molnár Imre |
| title_fullStr | Esterházy János élete és mártirhalála Molnár Imre |
| title_full_unstemmed | Esterházy János élete és mártirhalála Molnár Imre |
| title_short | Esterházy János |
| title_sort | esterhazy janos elete es martirhalala |
| title_sub | élete és mártirhalála |
| topic | Esterházy, János / 1901-1957 Esterházy, János 1901-1957 (DE-588)119294389 gnd Esterházy, János / Politicians / Czechoslovakia / Hungary, 1918-1945 Hungarians / Slovakia / Biography Statesmen / Czechoslovakia / Biography Außenpolitik Politik Magyaren (DE-588)4100008-0 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Esterházy, János / 1901-1957 Esterházy, János 1901-1957 Esterházy, János / Politicians / Czechoslovakia / Hungary, 1918-1945 Hungarians / Slovakia / Biography Statesmen / Czechoslovakia / Biography Außenpolitik Politik Magyaren Czechoslovakia / Foreign relations / Hungary Hungary / Foreign relations / Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia / Politics and government / 1918-1938 Czechoslovakia / Politics and government / 1938-1945 Tschechoslowakei Ungarn Slowakei Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022577116&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022577116&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT molnarimre esterhazyjanoseleteesmartirhalala |