Energy storage:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
Springer
2010
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | XXVIII, 406 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781441910233 |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804145694700732416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1
Introduction
............................................................... 1
1.1
Introduction
........................................................... 1
1.2
Storage in the Fuel Distribution System
............................. 2
1.3
Periodic Storage
...................................................... 2
1.3.1
Long-Term,
or Seasonal, Storage
............................. 3
1.3.2
Daily and Weekly Storage
.................................... 3
1.4
The Problem of Load Leveling
...................................... 3
1.5
Methods That Can Be Used to Reduce the Magnitude
of the Variations in Energy Demand
................................. 5
1.6
Short-Term Transients
................................................ 7
1.7
Portable Applications That Require Energy Storage
................ 7
1.7.1
Storage Methods for Use with Portable
Electronic Devices
............................................. 8
1.7.2
Energy Use and Storage in Vehicles
.......................... 8
1.8
Hydrogen Propulsion of Vehicles
.................................... 9
1.9
Temperature Regulation in Buildings
............................... 10
1.10
Improved Lighting Technologies
................................... 10
1.11
The Structure of This Book
......................................... 11
References
................................................................. 12
2
General Concepts
........................................................ 13
2.1
Introduction
.......................................................... 13
2.2
The Mechanical Equivalent of Heat
................................ 13
2.3
The First Law of Thermodynamics
-
Conservation of Energy
..... 14
2.4
Enthalpy
............................................................. 14
2.5
Entropy
.............................................................. 15
2.5.1
Thermal Entropy
............................................. 15
2.5.2
Configurational Entropy
...................................... 16
2.6
The Energy Available to Do Work
................................. 16
2.7
The Temperature Dependence of
G, H
and
S
....................... 17
Contents xix
2.8 Irreversible and Reversible
Storage Modes .........................
17
2.9
The Carnot Limitation
............................................... 18
2.10 Energy
Quality
...................................................... 18
References
................................................................. 19
3
Thermal Energy Storage
................................................ 21
3.1
Introduction
........................................................... 21
3.2
Sensible Heat
......................................................... 22
3.3
Latent Heat
............................................................ 23
3.3.1
Inorganic Phase Change Materials
............................ 24
3.3.2
Organic Phase Change Materials
.............................. 26
3.4
Quasi-Latent Heat
.................................................... 27
3.5
Heat Pumps
........................................................... 27
References
................................................................. 27
4
Reversible Chemical Reactions
......................................... 29
4.1
Introduction
........................................................... 29
4.2
Types of Non-congruent Chemical Reactions
........................ 29
4.2.1
Insertion Reactions
............................................ 30
4.2.2
Formation Reactions
........................................... 31
4.2.3
Decomposition Reactions
...................................... 32
4.2.4
Displacement Reactions
....................................... 32
4.3
Phase Diagrams
....................................................... 33
4.3.1
The Gibbs Phase Rule
......................................... 33
4.3.2
Binary Phase Diagrams
........................................ 34
4.3.3
The Lever Rule
................................................ 36
4.3.4
Three-Phase Reactions in Binary Systems
.................... 37
4.3.5
Examples of Materials Systems with Peritectic Reactions
__ 39
4.3.6
Binary Systems That Contain Eutectic Reactions
............. 39
4.4
Thermal Effects Related to Liquid and Solid Reactions
............. 42
4.5
Thermal Effects Related to Reversible Gas Phase Reactions
........ 45
References
................................................................. 48
5
Energy Storage in Organic Fuels
....................................... 49
5.1
Introduction
........................................................... 49
5.2
Storage of Energy in Living Biomass
................................ 49
5.3
Storage via Animals
.................................................. 51
5.4
Hard Biomass
......................................................... 52
5.5
Synthetic Liquid Fuels
................................................ 52
5.6
Gaseous Fuels Stored as Liquids
..................................... 52
5.7
The Energy Content of Various Materials Used as Fuels
............ 53
References
................................................................. 54
кх
Contents
6
Mecha n
i cal Energy
Storage
............................................. 55
6.1
Introduction
........................................................... 55
6.2 Potential
Energy
Storage
............................................. 55
6.3
Energy
Storage
in Pressurized
Gas
................................... 57
6.4
Potential
Energy Storage
Using Gravity
............................. 58
6.5
Hydroelectric Power
.................................................. 60
6.6
Pumped-Hydro Storage
............................................... 61
6.7
Use of the Kinetic Energy in Moving Water
......................... 62
6.8
Kinetic Energy in Mechanical Systems
.............................. 62
6.8.1
Linear Kinetic Energy
......................................... 63
6.8.2
Rotational Kinetic Energy
..................................... 64
6.9
Internal Structural Energy Storage
................................... 67
References
................................................................. 68
7
Electromagnetic Energy Storage
....................................... 69
7.1
Introduction
........................................................... 69
7.2
Energy Storage in Capacitors
......................................... 70
7.2.1
Energy in a Parallel Plate Capacitor
........................... 70
7.3
Electrochemical Charge Storage Mechanisms
....................... 71
7.3.1
Electrostatic Energy Storage in the Electrical
Double-Layer in the Vicinity of an Electrolyte/Electrode
Interface
........................................................ 72
7.3.2
Underpotential Faradaic
Two-Dimensional Adsorption
on the Surface of a Solid Electrode
........................... 73
7.3.3
Faradaic Deposition That Results in the Three-Dimensional
Absorption of the Electroactive Species into the Bulk Solid
Electrode Material by an Insertion Reaction
.................. 73
7.3.4
Faradaically
-
Driven
Reconstitution
Reactions
.............. 76
7.4
Comparative Magnitudes of Energy Storage
......................... 77
7.5
Importance of the Quality of the Stored Energy
..................... 78
7.6
Transient Behavior of a Capacitor
.................................... 79
7.7
Modeling Transient Behavior of Electrochemical Systems
Containing
Capacitive
Components Using LaPlace
Transforms
............................................................ 81
7.7.1
Introduction
.................................................... 81
7.7.2
Use of LaPlace Transform Techniques
........................ 82
7.7.3
Simple Examples
.............................................. 83
7.8
Energy Storage in Magnetic Systems
................................ 84
7.8.1
Energy in a Material in a Magnetic Field
..................... 85
7.8.2
Energy Storage in Superconducting Magnetic Systems
...... 89
7.8.3
Superconductive Materials
.................................... 90
References
................................................................. 92
Contents xxi
8
Hydrogen Storage
........................................................ 95
8.1
Introduction
........................................................... 95
8.2
The Production of Hydrogen
......................................... 96
8.2.1
The Steam Reforming Process
................................ 96
8.2.2
The Reaction of Steam with Carbon
.......................... 98
8.2.3
Electrolytic Production of Hydrogen
......................... 100
8.2.4
Thermal Decomposition of Water to Produce Hydrogen
__ 102
8.2.5
Chemical Extraction of Hydrogen from Water
.............. 103
8.2.6
Additional Approaches
....................................... 107
8.3
Governmental Promotion of the Use of Hydrogen
................. 107
8.4
Current On-Board Hydrogen Storage Alternatives
................. 109
8.4.1
Storage of Gaseous Hydrogen in High Pressure Tanks
...... 110
8.4.2
Storage of Liquid Hydrogen in Insulated Tanks
............. 110
8.4.3
Storage of Hydrogen as Protons in Solids; Metal
Hydrides
...................................................... 110
8.5
Other Approaches to Hydrogen Storage
............................
Ill
8.5.1
Hydrogen from the Decomposition of Materials
Containing Hydride Anions
.................................. 112
8.5.2
Ammonia and Related Materials as Hydrogen
Storage Media
................................................ 113
8.5.3
Storage of Hydrogen in Reversible Organic Liquids
........ 114
8.6
The Question of Safety
............................................. 116
References
................................................................ 117
9
Introduction to Electrochemical Energy Storage
.................... 119
9.1
Introduction
......................................................... 119
9.2
Simple Chemical and Electrochemical Reactions
.................. 120
9.3
Major Types of Reaction Mechanisms in Electrochemical Cells
.. 124
9.3.1
Formation Reactions
.......................................... 125
9.3.2
Displacement Reactions
...................................... 127
9.3.3
Insertion Reactions
........................................... 127
9.4
Important Practical Parameters
..................................... 128
9.4.1
The Operating Voltage and the Concept of Energy
Quality
........................................................ 130
9.4.2
The Charge Capacity
......................................... 132
9.4.3
The Maximum Theoretical Specific Energy
................. 132
9.4.4
Variation of the Voltage as Batteries are Discharged
and Recharged
................................................ 133
9.4.5
Cycling Behavior
............................................. 133
9.4.6
Self-Discharge
................................................ 135
9.5
General Equivalent Circuit of an Electrochemical Cell
............ 136
9.5.1
Influence of Impedances to the Transport of Ionic
and Atomic Species Within the Cell
......................... 137
9.5.2
Influence of Electronic Leakage Within the Electrolyte
..... 138
xxii Contents
9.5.3
Transference Numbers of Individual Species
in an Eleclrochemical Cell
................................... 139
9.5.4
Relation Between the Output Voltage and the Values
of the Ionic and Electronic Transference Numbers
.......... 140
9.5.5
Joule Heating Due to Self-Discharge
in Electrochemical Cells
...................................... 141
9.5.6
What if Current is Drawn from the Cell?
.................... 141
References
................................................................ 143
10
Principles Determining the Voltages and Capacities
of Electrochemical Cells
................................................ 145
10.1
Introduction
........................................................ 145
10.2
Thermodynamic Properties of Individual Species
................ 145
10.3
A Simple Example: The Lithium/Iodine Cell
..................... 147
10.3.1
Calculation of the Maximum Theoretical
Specific Energy
............................................ 149
10.3.2
The Temperature Dependence of the Cell Voltage
....... 150
10.4
The Shape of Discharge Curves and the Gibbs Phase Rule
...... 151
10.5
The Coulometric
Titration
Technique
............................ 157
References
................................................................ 160
11
Binary Electrodes Under Equilibrium or Near-Equilibrium
Conditions
............................................................... 161
11.1
Introduction
...................................................... 161
11.2
Relationship Between Phase Diagrams and Electrical
Potentials in Binary Systems
..................................... 161
11.3
A Real Example, The Lithium: Antimony System Again
....... 164
11.4
Stability Ranges of Phases
....................................... 168
11.5
Another Example, The Lithium: Bismuth System
.............. 168
11.6
Coulometric
Titration
Measurements on other Binary Systems
... 169
11.7
Temperature Dependence of the Potential
....................... 170
11.
H
Application to Oxides and Similar Materials
.................... 172
11.9
Ellingham Diagrams and Difference Diagrams
................. 174
11.10
Liquid Binary Electrodes
........................................ 175
11.11
Comments on Mechanisms and Terminology
................... 176
11.12
Summary
......................................................... 178
References
................................................................ 179
12
Ternary Electrodes Under Equilibrium or Near-Equilibrium
Conditions
............................................................... 181
12.1
Introduction
........................................................ 181
12.2
Ternary Phase Diagrams and Phase Stability Diagrams
.......... 181
12.3
Comments on the Influence of Sub-triangle
Configurations
in Ternary Systems
............................................... 183
Contents xxiii
12.4 An
Example: The Sodium/Nickel
Chloride Zebra System ... 186
12.5
A Second Example: The Lithium-Copper-Chlorine
Ternary System
.................................................. 189
12.5.1
Calculation of the Voltages in This System
............. 190
12.5.2
Experimental Arrangement for/Copper
Chloride Cells
............................................ 192
12.6
Calculation of the Maximum Theoretical Specific Energies
of Li/CuCl and Li/CuClz Cells
.................................. 193
12.7
Specific Capacity and Capacity Density in Ternary
Systems
........................................................... 194
12.8
Another Group of Examples: Metal Hydride Systems
Containing Magnesium
.......................................... 194
12.9
Further Ternary Examples: Lithium-Transition Metal Oxides
... 200
12.10
Ternary Systems Composed of Two Binary
Metal Alloys
..................................................... 204
12.10.1
An Example, The Li-Cd-Sn System at Ambient
Temperature
............................................. 205
12.11
What About the Presence of Additional Components?
......... 205
12.12
Summary
......................................................... 206
References
................................................................ 206
13
Insertion Reaction Electrodes
.......................................... 207
13.1
Introduction
...................................................... 207
13.2
Examples of the Insertion of Guest Species
into Layer Structures
............................................. 209
13.3
Floating and Pillared Layer Structures
.......................... 210
1
3.4
More on Terminology Related to the Insertion of Species
into Solids
........................................................ 210
13.5
Types of Inserted Guest Species Configurations
................ 211
13.6
Sequential Insertion Reactions
................................... 211
13.7
Co-insertion of Solvent Species
................................. 215
13.8
Insertion into Materials with Parallel Linear Tunnels
........... 216
13.9
Changes in the Host Structure Induced by Guest Insertion
or Extraction
..................................................... 216
13.9.1
Conversion of the Host Structure from Crystalline
to Amorphous
............................................ 217
1
3.9.2
Dependence of the Product upon the Potential
.......... 219
13.9.3
Changes upon the Initial Extraction of the
Mobile Species
........................................... 219
13.10
The Variation of the Potential with Composition in Insertion
Reaction Electrodes
.............................................. 220
13.10.1
Introduction
............................................. 220
13.10.2
The Variation of the Electrical Potential with
Composition in Simple Metallic Solid Solutions
....... 221
xxiv Contents
13.10.3 Configurational
Entropy of the Guest Ions
............. 222
13.10.4
The Concentration Dependence of the Chemical
Potential of the Electrons in a Metallic Solid Solution
... 223
13.10.5
Sum of the Effect of These Two Components
upon the Electrical Potential of a Metallic Solid
Solution
.................................................. 223
13.10.6
The Composition-Dependence of the Potential in the
Case of Insertion Reactions That Involve a Two-Phase
Reconstitution
Reaction
................................. 225
13.11
Final Comments
.................................................. 227
References
................................................................ 227
14
Electrode Reactions that Deviate from Complete Equilibrium
..... 229
14.1
Introduction
........................................................ 229
14.2
Stable and Metastable Equilibrium
............................... 229
14.3
Selective Equilibrium
............................................. 231
14.4
Formation of Amorphous Vs. Crystalline Structures
............. 232
14.5
Deviations from Equilibrium for Kinetic Reasons
................ 234
15
Lead-Acid Batteries
..................................................... 237
15.1
Introduction
...................................................... 237
15.2
Basic Chemistry of the Pb-Acid System
......................... 238
15.2.1
Calculation of the MTSE
................................ 239
15.2.2
Variation of the Cell Voltage with the State
ofCharge
................................................. 239
15.3
Potentials of the Individual Electrodes
.......................... 240
15.4
Relation to the Mechanism of the Electrochemical
Reactions in the Electrodes
...................................... 242
15.5
Construction of the Electrodes
................................... 242
15.5.1
Volume Changes and Shedding
.......................... 243
15.6
Alloys Used in Electrode Grids
.................................. 244
15.7
Alternative Grid Materials and Designs
......................... 246
15.8
Development of Sealed Pb-Acid Batteries
...................... 246
15.9
Additional Design Variations
.................................... 247
15.9.1
Other Improvements
..................................... 249
15.10
Rapid Diffusion of Hydrogen in PbO2
........................... 250
References
................................................................ 250
16
Negative Electrodes in Other Rechargeable Aqueous Systems
..... 251
16.1
Introduction
........................................................ 251
16.2
The Zinc Electrode in Aqueous Systems
......................... 251
16.2.1
Introduction
.............................................. 251
16.2.2
Thermodynamic Relationships in the H-Zn-O System
. 252
16.2.3
Problems with the Zinc Electrode
....................... 253
Contents xxv
16.3
The Cadmium Electrode
........................................ 253
16.3.1
Introduction
.............................................. 253
16.3.2
Thermodynamic Relationships in the H-Cd-O
System
.................................................... 254
16.3.3
Comments on the Mechanism of Operation
of the Cadmium Electrode
............................... 255
16.4
Metal Hydride Electrodes
......................................... 256
16.4.1
Introduction
.............................................. 256
16.4.2
Comments on the Development of Commercial
Metal Hydride Electrode Batteries
....................... 257
16.4.3
Hydride Maierials Currently Being Used
................ 257
16.4.4
Disproportionation and Activation
....................... 258
16.4.5
Pressure-Composition Relation
.......................... 259
16.4.6
The Influence of Temperature
........................... 260
16.4.7
AB2 Alloys
............................................... 261
16.4.8
General Comparison of These Two Structural Types
... 262
16.4.9
Other Alloys That Have Not Been Used
in Commercial Batteries
................................. 264
16.4.10
Microencapsulation of Hydride Particles
................ 264
16.4.11
OtherBinders
............................................ 264
16.4.12
Inclusion of a Solid Electrolyte in the Negative
Electrode of Hydride Cells
............................... 265
16.4.13
Maximum Theoretical Capacities of Various Metal
Hydrides
.................................................. 265
References
................................................................ 266
17
Positive Electrodes in Other Aqueous Systems
....................... 267
17.1
Introduction
........................................................ 267
17.2
Manganese Dioxide Electrodes in Aqueous Systems
............. 268
17.2.1
Introduction
................................................ 268
17.2.2
The Open Circuit Potential
................................ 269
17.2.3
Variation of the Potential During Discharge
.............. 270
17.3
The Nickel Electrode
........................................... 270
17.3.1
Introduction
................................................ 270
17.3.2
Structural Aspects of the Ni(0H)2
and NiOOH Phases
........................................ 271
17.3.3
Mechanism of Operation
.................................. 272
17.3.4
Relations Between Electrochemical and Structural
Features
.................................................... 274
17.3.5
Self-Discharge
............................................. 276
17.3.6
Overcharge
................................................ 278
17.3.7
Relation to Thermodynamic Information
................. 278
17.4
Cause of the Memory Effect in Nickel Electrodes
............. 281
17.4.1
Introduction
................................................ 281
xxv¡
Contents
17.4.2
Mechanistic
Features
of the Operation of the Nickel
Electrode
................................................... 282
17.4.3
Overcharging Phenomena
................................. 285
17.4.4
Conclusions
................................................ 287
References
................................................................ 288
18
Negative Electrodes in Lithium Systems
.............................. 291
18.1
Introduction
........................................................ 291
18.2
Elemental Lithium Electrodes
..................................... 292
18.2.1
Deposition at Unwanted Locations
....................... 292
18.2.2
ShapeChange
............................................. 292
18.2.3
Dendrites
................................................... 293
18.2.4
Filamentary Growth
....................................... 293
18.2.5
Thermal Runaway
......................................... 294
18.3
Alternatives to the Use of Elemental Lithium
.................... 295
18.4
Lithium-Carbon Alloys
........................................... 295
18.4.1
Introduction
................................................ 295
18.4.2
Ideal Structure of Graphite Saturated With Lithium
...... 297
18.4.3
Variations in the Structure of Graphite
................... 298
18.4.4
Structural Aspects of Lithium Insertion into Graphitic
Carbons
.................................................... 299
18.4.5
Electrochemical Behavior of Lithium in Graphite
........ 300
18.4.6
Electrochemical Behavior of Lithium in Amorphous
Carbons
.................................................... 302
18.4.7
Lithium in Hydrogen-Containing Carbons
................ 303
18.5
Metallic Lithium Alloys
........................................... 304
18.5.1
Introduction
................................................ 304
18.5.2
Equilibrium Thermodynamic Properties of Binary
Lithium Alloys
............................................ 305
18.5.3
Experiments at Ambient Temperature
.................... 305
18.5.4
Liquid Binary Alloys
...................................... 306
18.5.5
Mixed-Conductor Matrix Electrodes
...................... 306
18.5.6
Decrepitation
.............................................. 309
18.5.7
Modification of the Micro- and Nanostructure
of the Electrode
............................................ 313
18.5.8
Formation of Amorphous Products at Ambient
Temperatures
.............................................. 315
References
................................................................ 316
19
Positive Electrodes in Lithium Systems
............................... 319
19.1
Introduction
........................................................ 319
19.2
Insertion Reaction, Instead of
Reconstitution
Reaction,
Electrodes
.......................................................... 320
19.2.1
More Than One Type of Interstitial Site or More
Than One Type of
Redox
Species
........................ 321
Contents xxvii
19.3
Cells Assembled in the Discharged State
......................... 321
19.4
Solid Positive Electrodes in Lithium Systems
.................... 323
19.4.1
Introduction
................................................ 323
19.4.2
Influence of the Crystallographic Environment
on the Potential
............................................ 326
19.4.3
Oxides with Structures in Which the Oxygen Anions
Are in a Face-Centered Cubic Array
...................... 327
19.4.4
Materials in Which the Oxide Ions
Are in a Close-Packed Hexagonal Array
................. 335
19.4.5
Materials Containing Fluoride Ions
....................... 339
19.4.6
Hybrid Ion Cells
........................................... 340
19.4.7
Amorphization
............................................. 340
19.4.8
The Oxygen Evolution Problem
.......................... 340
19.4.9
Final Comments on This Topic
........................... 346
19.5
Hydrogen and Water in Positive Electrode
Materiais
............ 346
19.5.1
Introduction
................................................ 346
19.5.2
IonExchange
.............................................. 347
19.5.3
Simple Addition Methods
................................. 347
19.5.4
Thermodynamics of the Lithium-Hydrogen-Oxygen
System
..................................................... 348
19.5.5
Examples of Phases Containing Lithium
That Are Stable in Water
.................................. 349
19.5.6
Materials That Have Potentials Above the Stability
Window of Water
......................................... 350
19.5.7
Absorption of Protons from Water Vapor
in the Atmosphere
......................................... 350
19.5.8
Extraction of Lithium from Aqueous Solutions
.......... 351
References
................................................................ 351
20
Primary, Nonrechargeable Batteries
.................................. 355
20.1
Introduction
........................................................ 355
20.2
The Common Zn/MnO2 Alkaline Cell
......................... 355
20.3
Ambient Temperature Li/FeS2 Cells
.............................. 356
20.4
LiA2 Batteries for Heart Pacemakers
.............................. 357
20.5
Lithium/Silver Vanadium Oxide Defibrillator Batteries
.......... 357
20.6
Zn/AirCells
....................................................... 359
20.7
Li/CF, Cells
....................................................... 362
20.8
Reserve Batteries
.................................................. 363
20.8.1
Introduction
................................................ 363
20.8.2
The
LÍ/SO2
System
........................................ 364
20.8.3
The Li/SOCb System
..................................... 365
20.8.4
Li/FeS2 Elevated Temperature Batteries
.................. 365
References
................................................................ 366
xxviii Contents
21 Energy
Storage for
Medium-to-Large
Scale
Applications ........... 367
21.1
Introduction
........................................................ 367
21.2 Utility
Load Leveling, Peak Shaving, Transients
................. 367
21.3
Storage of Solar-and Wind-Generated Energy
................... 368
21.4
Storage Technologies that are Especially Suited
to these Applications
.............................................. 368
21.4.1
Lead-Acid Batteries for Large Scale Storage
............. 368
21.4.2
Sodium/Sulfur Batteries
................................... 369
21.4.3
Flow Batteries
............................................. 370
21.4.4
All-Liquid Batteries
....................................... 374
21.5
Storage of Energy for Vehicle Propulsion
........................ 376
21.5.1
Introduction
................................................ 376
21.5.2
ZEBRA Batteries
.......................................... 379
21.5.3
General Comments on Hybrid System Strategies
........ 380
References
................................................................ 381
22
A Look to the Future
................................................... 383
22.1
Introduction
........................................................ 383
22.2
Recently Discovered Large Natural Gas Source
.................. 384
22.3
Emerging Technological Directions
.............................. 385
22.4
Examples of Interesting New Research Directions
............... 387
22.4.1
Organic Plastic Crystal Materials
...................... 387
22.4.2
Organic Electrode Materials for Lithium
Batteries
................................................... 387
22.4.3
New Materials Preparation and Cell Fabrication
Methods
.................................................... 388
22.4.4
Alternate Electrolytes
..................................... 389
22.5
Final Comments
................................................... 389
References
................................................................ 389
Index
.......................................................................... 391
R.A. Huggins
Energy
Storage
Energy Storage discusses the underlying fundamentals ot all the
major
energy storage methods.
These include the storage ot energy as heat, in phase transitions and
reversible chemical reactions, and in organic fuels and hydrogen, an
important energy carrier. Ihe principles involved in the storage of energy
in mechanical, electrostatic and magnetic systems are also treated in some
detail.
Major attention is given to an up-to-date discussion of electrochemical
storage systems in a way that does not require prior understanding of
electrochemistry. This includes both traditional battery systems and recent
developments, with special attention given to the very important, and
rapidly evolving, lithium batteries.
Energy Storage provides a comprehensive overview of the concepts, princi¬
ples and practice of energy storage that will be useful to both students and
researchers.
ENtHNEERINi
ISBN 978-I-4419-IO23-3
781441
10233
)
springer.com
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Huggins, Robert A. 1929- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)13931248X |
| author_facet | Huggins, Robert A. 1929- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Huggins, Robert A. 1929- |
| author_variant | r a h ra rah |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037401452 |
| classification_rvk | ZN 8730 ZP 4100 |
| classification_tum | ERG 800f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)699942753 (DE-599)DNB998805920 |
| discipline | Energietechnik, Energiewirtschaft Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik Energietechnik |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV037401452 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:23:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781441910233 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022554120 |
| oclc_num | 699942753 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-92 DE-384 DE-1028 DE-1029 DE-83 DE-29T DE-859 DE-573 DE-1102 DE-634 DE-703 DE-Aug4 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM |
| owner_facet | DE-92 DE-384 DE-1028 DE-1029 DE-83 DE-29T DE-859 DE-573 DE-1102 DE-634 DE-703 DE-Aug4 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM |
| physical | XXVIII, 406 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Huggins, Robert A. 1929- Verfasser (DE-588)13931248X aut Energy storage Robert A. Huggins New York [u.a.] Springer 2010 XXVIII, 406 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Energieerzeugung (DE-588)4070813-5 gnd rswk-swf Energiespeicherung (DE-588)4014722-8 gnd rswk-swf Elektrochemische Energiequelle (DE-588)4151755-6 gnd rswk-swf Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4151758-1 gnd rswk-swf Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 gnd rswk-swf Elektrochemie (DE-588)4014241-3 gnd rswk-swf Kinetische Energie (DE-588)4163880-3 gnd rswk-swf Chemische Energie (DE-588)4204749-3 gnd rswk-swf Energietechnik (DE-588)4014725-3 gnd rswk-swf Energie (DE-588)4014692-3 gnd rswk-swf Energiespeicher (DE-588)4152230-8 gnd rswk-swf Wärme (DE-588)4064171-5 gnd rswk-swf Energiespeicher (DE-588)4152230-8 s Energietechnik (DE-588)4014725-3 s Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 s DE-604 Energieerzeugung (DE-588)4070813-5 s Energiespeicherung (DE-588)4014722-8 s Elektrochemische Energiequelle (DE-588)4151755-6 s Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4151758-1 s Energie (DE-588)4014692-3 s Elektrochemie (DE-588)4014241-3 s Kinetische Energie (DE-588)4163880-3 s Wärme (DE-588)4064171-5 s Chemische Energie (DE-588)4204749-3 s Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-1-4419-1024-0 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022554120&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022554120&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Huggins, Robert A. 1929- Energy storage Energieerzeugung (DE-588)4070813-5 gnd Energiespeicherung (DE-588)4014722-8 gnd Elektrochemische Energiequelle (DE-588)4151755-6 gnd Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4151758-1 gnd Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 gnd Elektrochemie (DE-588)4014241-3 gnd Kinetische Energie (DE-588)4163880-3 gnd Chemische Energie (DE-588)4204749-3 gnd Energietechnik (DE-588)4014725-3 gnd Energie (DE-588)4014692-3 gnd Energiespeicher (DE-588)4152230-8 gnd Wärme (DE-588)4064171-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4070813-5 (DE-588)4014722-8 (DE-588)4151755-6 (DE-588)4151758-1 (DE-588)4014736-8 (DE-588)4014241-3 (DE-588)4163880-3 (DE-588)4204749-3 (DE-588)4014725-3 (DE-588)4014692-3 (DE-588)4152230-8 (DE-588)4064171-5 |
| title | Energy storage |
| title_auth | Energy storage |
| title_exact_search | Energy storage |
| title_full | Energy storage Robert A. Huggins |
| title_fullStr | Energy storage Robert A. Huggins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy storage Robert A. Huggins |
| title_short | Energy storage |
| title_sort | energy storage |
| topic | Energieerzeugung (DE-588)4070813-5 gnd Energiespeicherung (DE-588)4014722-8 gnd Elektrochemische Energiequelle (DE-588)4151755-6 gnd Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung (DE-588)4151758-1 gnd Energieversorgung (DE-588)4014736-8 gnd Elektrochemie (DE-588)4014241-3 gnd Kinetische Energie (DE-588)4163880-3 gnd Chemische Energie (DE-588)4204749-3 gnd Energietechnik (DE-588)4014725-3 gnd Energie (DE-588)4014692-3 gnd Energiespeicher (DE-588)4152230-8 gnd Wärme (DE-588)4064171-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Energieerzeugung Energiespeicherung Elektrochemische Energiequelle Elektrochemische Energieumwandlung Energieversorgung Elektrochemie Kinetische Energie Chemische Energie Energietechnik Energie Energiespeicher Wärme |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022554120&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022554120&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hugginsroberta energystorage |