Essential epidemiology: an introduction for students and health professionals
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge medicine
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | "The new edition of this popular textbook remains a clear and practical introduction to epidemiology for students in all areas of health. By emphasising the role of epidemiology across a broad range of health monitoring and research, it gives students an understanding of the fundamental principles common to all areas of epidemiology. It also integrates the study of infectious and chronic diseases as well as public health and clinical epidemiology. Avoiding complex mathematics, it steps through the methods and potential problems underlying health data and reports, while maintaining a balance of rigour and clarity. The nuts-and-bolts of epidemiology are embedded in the wider international health perspective through recent and classical examples across different areas of health to engage students from a range of backgrounds. Concepts are illustrated with charts and graphs, and end-of-chapter questions test understanding (with answers provided). Online resources include further exercises, slides for teaching and useful weblinks"--Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 445 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780521177313 0521177316 |
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| 500 | |a "The new edition of this popular textbook remains a clear and practical introduction to epidemiology for students in all areas of health. By emphasising the role of epidemiology across a broad range of health monitoring and research, it gives students an understanding of the fundamental principles common to all areas of epidemiology. It also integrates the study of infectious and chronic diseases as well as public health and clinical epidemiology. Avoiding complex mathematics, it steps through the methods and potential problems underlying health data and reports, while maintaining a balance of rigour and clarity. The nuts-and-bolts of epidemiology are embedded in the wider international health perspective through recent and classical examples across different areas of health to engage students from a range of backgrounds. Concepts are illustrated with charts and graphs, and end-of-chapter questions test understanding (with answers provided). Online resources include further exercises, slides for teaching and useful weblinks"--Provided by publisher. | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemiology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epidemiologic Methods | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145667933732864 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Essential epidemiology
Autor: Webb, Penny
Jahr: 2011
Foreword x
Preface xi
1 Epidemiology is... 1
A case of food poisoning 3
Subdisciplines of epidemiology 4
On epidemics 6
An historical epidemic 8
The beginnings 9
What does epidemiology offer? 17
What do epidemiologists do? 18
A natural experiment 24
Conclusions 24
References 27
2 How long is a piece of string? Measuring disease frequency 29
What are we measuring? 30
The concepts: prevalence and incidence 32
Measuring disease occurrence in practice: epidemiological studies 38
Measuring disease occurrence in practice: using routine data 45
Other measures commonly used in public health 52
Measuring the burden of disease 59
Summary 68
Questions 68
References 69
3 Who, what, where and when? Descriptive epidemiology 71
Case reports and case series 72
Prevalence surveys 74
Routine data collections 76
Sources of summary data 83
Creative use of existing data 87
Confidentiality 92
Summary 92
References 92
4 Healthy research: study designs for public health 94
Observational studies 96
Intervention studies 112
A word about ethics 117
Summary 121
Questions 121
References 122
5 Why? Linking exposure and disease 125
Looking for associations 126
Ratio measures (relative risk) 128
Difference measures (attributable risk) 133
Relative risk versus attributable risk: an example 141
Case-control studies 143
Summary 149
Questions 149
References 153
6 Heads or tails: the role of chance 154
Random sampling error 154
Confidence intervals (CI) 156
Statistics in epidemiology 158
Statistical versus clinical significance 163
A final word about confidence intervals and p-values 165
Summary 165
Questions 165
References 166
7 All that glitters is not gold: the problem of error 167
Sources of error in epidemiological studies 169
Selection bias 169
Measurement or information error 181
Summary 194
Questions 194
References 196
8 Muddied waters: the challenge of confounding 197
An example of confounding: is alcohol a risk factor for lung cancer? 198
Criteria for a confounder 201
The effects of confounding 202
Control of confounding 208
Confounding: the bottom line 218
Questions 219
References 220
9 Reading between the lines: reading and writing 221
epidemiological papers
The research question and study design 222
The study sample: selection bias 223
Measuring disease and exposure: measurement bias 226
Confounding 228
Chance 230
Study validity 230
Descriptive studies 232
Writing papers 233
Summary: one swallow doesn t make a summer 234
Questions 235
References 235
10 Who sank the boat? Association and causation 237
What do we mean by a cause? 238
Association versus causation 242
Evaluating causation 243
Evaluating causality in practice: does H. pylori 250
cause stomach cancer?
And then what? 250
References 251
11 Assembling the building blocks: reviews and their uses 252
What is a systematic review? 253
Identifying the literature 253
Different types of study 256
Summarising the data 259
Assessment of causality 265
Assessing the quality of a systematic review 267
Making judgements in practice 267
The end result 272
Summary 273
References 273
12 Outbreaks, epidemics and clusters 276
Professor Adrian Sleigh
National Centre for Epidemiology and Populen ion Health.
Australian National University
Outbreaks, epidemics, endemics and clusters 278
Rare disease clusters 279
Epidemiology of infectious diseases 282
A causal model 285
What influences the spread of infectious diseases? 286
Epidemics or outbreaks 293
Investigating outbreaks 295
Epidemic prevention 299
Tuberculosis: a case study 300
Conclusion 304
Questions 304
References 305
13 Watching not waiting: surveillance and 307
epidemiological intelligence
The scope of surveillance 309
Types of surveillance 312
Surveillance in practice 315
Evaluation of surveillance 321
Summary 321
References 322
14 Prevention: better than cure? 323
Disease prevention in public health 323
The scope for preventive medicine 328
Strategies for prevention 331
The population attributable fraction as a guide to prevention 336
Prevention in practice 339
Evaluation of preventive interventions in practice 341
A final (cautionary) word 342
Question 343
References 343
15 Early detection: what benefits at what cost? 345
Why screen? 346
The requirements of a screening programme 349
Evaluation of a screening programme 361
The negative consequences of a screening programme 370
Summary 371
Questions 372
References 373
16 A final word... 375
What does the future hold for epidemiology? 377
Where to now? 382
A final word 385
References 386
Answers to questions 388
Appendix 1 : Direct standardisation 404
Appendix 2: Standard populations 406
Appendix 3: Calculating cumulative incidence and lifetime risk from 407
routine data
Appendix 4: Indirect standardisation 409
Appendix 5: Calculating life expectancy from a life table 411
Appendix 6: The Mantel-Haenszel method for calculating pooled 413
odds ratios
Appendix 7: Formulae for calculating confidence intervals for common 416
epidemiological measures
Glossary 419
Index 435
|
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| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizin |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:23:06Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Webb, Penny 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)133265692 aut Essential epidemiology an introduction for students and health professionals Penny Webb and Chris Bain 2. ed. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2011 XIV, 445 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge medicine "The new edition of this popular textbook remains a clear and practical introduction to epidemiology for students in all areas of health. By emphasising the role of epidemiology across a broad range of health monitoring and research, it gives students an understanding of the fundamental principles common to all areas of epidemiology. It also integrates the study of infectious and chronic diseases as well as public health and clinical epidemiology. Avoiding complex mathematics, it steps through the methods and potential problems underlying health data and reports, while maintaining a balance of rigour and clarity. The nuts-and-bolts of epidemiology are embedded in the wider international health perspective through recent and classical examples across different areas of health to engage students from a range of backgrounds. Concepts are illustrated with charts and graphs, and end-of-chapter questions test understanding (with answers provided). Online resources include further exercises, slides for teaching and useful weblinks"--Provided by publisher. Includes bibliographical references and index Epidemiology Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 s b DE-604 Bain, Chris Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022535202&sequence=000004&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Webb, Penny 1963- Bain, Chris Essential epidemiology an introduction for students and health professionals Epidemiology Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd |
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| title | Essential epidemiology an introduction for students and health professionals |
| title_auth | Essential epidemiology an introduction for students and health professionals |
| title_exact_search | Essential epidemiology an introduction for students and health professionals |
| title_full | Essential epidemiology an introduction for students and health professionals Penny Webb and Chris Bain |
| title_fullStr | Essential epidemiology an introduction for students and health professionals Penny Webb and Chris Bain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essential epidemiology an introduction for students and health professionals Penny Webb and Chris Bain |
| title_short | Essential epidemiology |
| title_sort | essential epidemiology an introduction for students and health professionals |
| title_sub | an introduction for students and health professionals |
| topic | Epidemiology Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiologie (DE-588)4015016-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Epidemiology Epidemiologic Methods Epidemiologie Einführung |
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