Knjaže misto Volodymyr:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Ukrainian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Lʹviv
Vyd. Nacionalʹnoho Univ. "Lʹvivsʹka Politechnika"
2010
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., ukrain. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 316 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789665538929 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145646814363648 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ЗМІСТ
Ярослав Ісасеич. Князь Володимир Великий
—
столичне місто Волині
-
королівство Володомирії і його спадкоємці (замість передмови)
..............................
З
ВСТУП
.............................................................................................................................................5
Розділ І. ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ ТА ІСТОРІЯ ВОЛОДИМИРА
ЗА ПИСЕМНИМИ ДЖЕРЕЛАМИ
...............................................................................7
1.1.
Огляд джерел
..........................................................................................................................7
1.2.
Історіографія та історія археологічних досліджень
..............................................................13
1.3.
Історія міста
X—XV
ст. за літописами та документами
........................................................
3
1
Розділ
II.
ІСТОРИЧНА ТОПОГРАФІЯ МІСТА ТА ЙОГО ПРИМІСЬКОЇ
ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ. СТРАТИГРАФІЯ СТАРОГО МІСТА.
ОБОРОННІ УКРІПЛЕННЯ
......................................................................................59
2.1.
Передісторія Володимира
....................................................................................................59
2.2.
Дитинець
..............................................................................................................................67
2.2.1.
Територія, стратиграфія, первісні укріплення
...............................................................68
2.2.2.
Топографія забудови майданчика
.................................................................................71
2.2.3.
Кам яний замок
............................................................................................................72
2.3.
Окольний город (Нижній замок). Середмістя. Храми
Окольного города
(середмістя)
......76
2.3.1.
Початки
заселення, система укріплень, стратиграфія та територіальний розвиток,
місцезнаходження пригородка
....................................................................................76
2.3.2.
Система забудови і комунікацій. Греблі та мости
.........................................................82
2.3.3.
Храми
Окольного города
(середмістя)
.........................................................................86
2.4.
Передмістя
...........................................................................................................................94
2.4.1.
Правобережні передмістя
.............................................................................................94
2.4.2.
Храми
............................................................................................................................94
2
АЗ. Лівобережні передмістя
.................................................................................................97
2.5.
Приміська інфраструктура
..................................................................................................101
Розділ
III.
БУДІВЛІ ВОЛОДИМИРА
.......................................................................................118
3.1.
Монументальна та дерев яна храмова архітектура
............................................................118
3.2.
Житлове та господарське будівництво
..............................................................................148
Розділ
IV.
ГОСПОДАРСЬКА ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ У МІСТІ
...........................................................157
4.1.
Сільське господарство і промисли
.....................................................................................157
4.2.
Ремесло
..............................................................................................................................158
4.3.
Торгівля
.............................................................................................................................187
Розділ
V.
КУЛЬТУРА І МІЖНАРОДНІ ЗВ ЯЗКИ. ВІЙСЬКОВА СПРАВА
ТА СОЦІАЛЬНИЙ РОЗВИТОК
.............................................................................199
5.1.
Культура
............................................................................................................................199
5.2.
Міжнародні зв язки
............................................................................................................214
5.3.
Військова справа
................................................................................................................219
5.3.1.
Зброя та захисний обладунок
.....................................................................................219
5.3.2.
Спорядження вершника та верхового коня
................................................................224
5.4.
Соціальний розвиток
.........................................................................................................226
ВИСНОВКИ. ЕТАПИ РОЗВИТКУ ВОЛОДИМИРА
..............................................................230
315
ДОДАТКИ
...................................................................................................................................232
Додаток
1.
ВОЛОДИМИРСЬКІ КНЯЗІ ТА СТАРОСТИ
.............................................................232
Додаток
2.
КАТАЛОГ ЖИТЛОВИХ ТА ГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ СПОРУД
ВОЛОДИМИРА
(IX-XIVcT.)
................................................................................234
Додаток
3.
КАТАЛОГ ПОХОВАНЬ
X-XV
ст. НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ СТАРОГО МІСТА
...................272
ПЕРЕЛІК СКОРОЧЕНЬ
............................................................................................................274
ДЖЕРЕЛА ТА ЛІТЕРАТУРА
...................................................................................................275
SUMMARY
..................................................................................................................................299
ІМЕННИЙ ПОКАЖЧИК
..........................................................................................................302
ГЕОГРАФІЧНИЙ ПОКАЖЧИК
..............................................................................................310
316
SUMMARY
The medieval city of Volodymyr is one of the oldest cities in Ukraine. Today
the city is known as Volodymyr-Volyns kyj and it is the administrative center of area
of
Volyň oblast.
Our research of this urban center focuses on 10th to the 15th
centuries, the periods of the city s earliest history.
The history of this city was first studied by Y. Dvernitsky, O. Levitsky,
N.
Teodorovich, M.
Kuchyňko.
A great deal of research was completed by the architects
B.
Kolosok,
P. Rychkov, and P. Rappoport, among others, on the topographical
structure of the city and its architectural monuments. Although archaeological
discoveries have been studied since the second part of the 19th century, the first
systematic examination of the city was undertaken during a ten-year archaeological
program under the direction of S. Tersky. Between
1987
and
2006,
the area of the
dytynets, the central city core, its outlying areas and the suburbs of Zymno were subject
to analysis. Our research revealed a clear picture of the medieval city s history,
topography, and material culture. Based on the analysis of written records and
archaeological findings, we have identified five periods in the development of the city.
Although the first written record of Volodymyr dates to
988,
the city is in fact
much older. The medieval city center grew up around an existing trade and craft
settlement sometime between the 7th and the 10th century. Even before becoming the
city of Volodymyr, this area was the hypothetical center of Volyn .
This first period, from the 7th to the 10th century, is known as the Tribal
Period. The settlement of Zymno was surrounded by other settlements on both banks
of the Luha River, and was one of the Volyn people s tribal centers. Located on an
island, the city s oldest center, grew on a naturally fortified area. On the top of the
island, a fortified dytynets (which occupied an area of
1,5
hectares) existed. However,
this period remains poorly studied, since few artifacts have been recovered.
The second period was from the end of the 10th to the
1
lth century. During this
period, the power of the local prince expanded and the city grew. Two areas of
settlement from this time were clearly identified, the dytynets (the residence of the
prince) and the outlying urban settlement, of six hectares. The materials of the 10th
century are presented in detail. The buildings from this period were studied in the
territory of dytynets, in the city s suburbs, and also in the neighboring settlements of
Zymno. Elements relating to this large settlement were discovered throughout the
region during excavations in the modern villages of Zarichcha, Fedorivka, Shystiv,
Zhytani, Chvalymytchi, Ostrivets, Novosilki, Pjatydni, and Koilne, and also the
excavation of barrows in the villages of Novosilki.
The third period lasted from the 12th century to the first part of the 13th
century. By this time, Volodymyr was the largest urban center of the Volyn
299
Kingdom. The establishment of the Podil Suburb indicates continued growth. At that
time, Podil, with an area of
67
hectares, became the primary center of trade for
Volodymyr. Also at this time, the first monumental religious buildings such as the
Cathedral and monasteries, were built. Clearly, Volodymyr had become one of the
most important economic and cultural centers of southwest
Rus .
The fourth period was from the second part of the 13th century to the 1390 s.
Despite the Mongol invasion, Volodymyr continued to prosper and the city became
an important international center of trade. The region remained an independent
kingdom and was the main center of Western Volyn . The city recovered from the
invasion very quickly and the population of the surrounding areas expanded. During
this time numerous stone and brick buildings were built throughout the city. Various
new fortifications were erected, including the incorporation of the outlying trading
suburb of Apostol shchyna into the city s defensive line. Volodymyr indeed had
become an important center of international trade.
The fifth period was between the 1380 s and the 15th century. During this time,
Volodymyr lost its political significance but remained an important urban and trade
center in Eastern Europe. Various ethnic groups moved into the city and the
multinational character to the urban population increased.
Combining the written and archaeological resources has allowed us to
reconstruct in detail the changes in the layout of the city during its different stages of
development. As a result of our excavations in the territory of the city and suburbs,
we were able to undertake a detailed study of the city s stratigraphy. During the
course of this project we were also able to discover the exact location of city s
religious buildings that were known from the documentary evidence. On the basis of
this research, we were able to date the appearance of the city s fortifications. Our
studies have also defined the location of Prince Yards, and five monasteries, all which
date between the
1
lth and 14th centuries, in the territory of the city s suburbs.
Among the remains of monumental buildings attention is given to those sites
which were intensely studied during this research, such as The Church of
Assumption, the Church of St.
Fedor
(dated
1
160 s), the Church of St. Mychajlo, and
the Bishop s Palace (dated between the 13th and the 16th century). Unique examples
of houses and wooden religious items (dated between the 13th and the 16th centuries)
located on the territory of dytynets and the surrounding area were well preserved due
to the nature of the soil. Fragments of other structures, such as the Church of St.
Dmytro (dated to the 13th century), and a remains of the oven for burning brick
near rampart of city (dated the 14th century) were also studied. Perhaps one of the
most spectacular finds are the remains of ten houses, and a 14th
Bojar s
Palace
(studied in
1999-2000)
which is the oldest preserved buildings of this type in Ukraine.
The recovered archaeological finds tells us much of the life in the city. As a
result of this research, we are able to fully illustrate a wide spectrum of trades from
300
medieval Volodymyr. The
excavation
of the workshops of bakers and jewelers, for
example, produced a large quantity of tools. Household finds and weapons from the
14th and 15th century which were found in the territory of the ancient Volyn
Kingdom are described in detail. These archaeological findings provide evidence of
the important role that Great Volodymyr held in international trade and cultural
connections with the Baltic countries, Central Europe, the Balkans, Byzantium, the
Crimea and the cities of the Volga basin. Clearly, the imported and locally-made
items found in this area tell us that Volodymyr was a large center of transit and
regional trade.
The wide international connections indicate rapid development in the culture of
the city. In the cultural and artistic legacy of Volodymyr, we noticed the synthesis of
Western European,
late Bizantine,
and eastern influences. During the 13th and 14th
centuries, due to rapid cultural development, Volodymyr became a political center, as
well as a center of religion and art for all the eastern Slavic nations. In the historical
and economic development of the city, we also noted that the culture had gone
through several stages, from the epoch of Two Faiths , which was a time of balance
between paganism and Christianity, until the time when Volodymyr became one of
the largest cultural centers of Ukraine.
This monograph, for the first time, systematized historical and archaeological
materials concerning Volodymyr as one of the centers of Medieval Ukraine. A model
for the development of a large Ukrainian city is proposed and this not only fills the
gap in regional history but is also an important addition to the history of Eastern
Europe in the 14th and 15th centuries.
301
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| title | Knjaže misto Volodymyr |
| title_auth | Knjaže misto Volodymyr |
| title_exact_search | Knjaže misto Volodymyr |
| title_full | Knjaže misto Volodymyr Svjatoslav Tersʹkyj |
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