Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm: (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce)
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Wrocław
Wydawn. Uniw. Wrocławskiego
2010
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Monografie Centrum Studiów Niemieckich i Europejskich Im. Willy Brandta
28 Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis 3230 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 407 s. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788322931103 |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Monografie Centrum Studiów Niemieckich i Europejskich Im. Willy Brandta |v 28 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145642021322752 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Subject of the book, and subject
and scope of research
Summary
In the last decade of the 20th century and at the beginning of the new century, right-wing
populism and Euroscepticism became significant challenges in the politics of contemporary Euro¬
pean states. One of the most important trends
-
beginning in the late
1980s
in Western Europe and
the
1990s
in Central and Eastern Europe
-
was the mobilisation of society s support for right-wing
populist parties. Over the last few decades these parties have achieved the greatest success among the
newly established political groupings; they have also had a significant impact on the party systems
in the post-communist Europe. In many European countries these parties have become a permanent
feature of the political scene on the regional, national and European level. Wherever they have won
a substantial share of votes, they have contributed significantly to a change in the existing political
consensus, taking advantage of social resentment, dissatisfaction with traditional political parties and
political elites, and with the policy they have conducted. In order to win the voters support and a place
on the political scene, the populist parties are trying to restructure the existing political conflicts, intro¬
ducing new issues into the inter-party rivalry. Faced with the rapid globalisation and Europeanization
processes, these parties also want to turn the political debate towards the national sphere, joining those
who contest the European integration project in many European countries. Thus they are undoubtedly
a challenge both for today s democracies and for integration processes in Europe.
The events related to the French and Dutch no to the Constitutional Treaty in
2005
and the
Irish no to the Lisbon Treaty in
2008,
expressed in national referenda, have demonstrated that
Euroscepticism is an important problem that could hinder integration processes and create dilem¬
mas the united Europe has never experienced before. The result of the second referendum in Ireland
in
2009,
in which one third of the voters were still against the Lisbon Treaty, suggests that in the
European Union a considerable number of its citizens do not accept the speed or the direction of
the European integration project. Therefore, Euroscepticism still remains a challenge to the integra¬
tion process.
Political experts wonder increasingly about the sources of Eurosceptical attitudes both among
citizens and among political parties. Controversy surrounds such issues as whether and to what ex¬
tent the attitudes of political parties to European integration are determined by ideological factors,
and what significance in this context can be attributed to specific national and external determinants,
and to party strategy. The debate also focuses on the impact of European integration on the behav¬
iour of political actors, mobilisation of voters as well as the shape and structure of competition on
the national political scenes. Research carried out by
Ces
van
der Eijk
and Mark Franklin has en¬
couraged them to argue that the
proVanti-EU
orientation
[...]
constitutes something of a sleeping
giant that has the potential, if awakened, to impel voters to political behaviour that
[...]
undercuts
the bases for contemporary party mobilisation in many, if not most, European polities 1.
1
С
Van dcr.Eijk, M. Franklin, Potential for Contestation on European Matters at National Elections in Eu¬
rope, [in:] European Integration and Political Conflict,
cd. G.
Marks, M.R. Stccnbcrgcn, Cambridge
2004,
p.
32.
398 ■
Summary
The events, opinions and discussions presented above encourage to ponder upon the issue of
mutual relations between the phenomenon of right-wing populism and Euroscepticism, both in the
context of ideologies and programmes, and in the context of electoral contest. This subject matter
has been considered in the present monograph and depicted by providing the examples of two politi¬
cal parties
:
The Pirn
Fortuyn
List (List Pirn
Fortuyn -
LPF) in the Netherlands and the League of
Polish Families
(Liga Polskich Rodzin
-
LPR) in Poland.
In order to examine the above mentioned phenomena, it was essential to ask questions which
helped to specify the scope of research and the main objectives of the monograph. The most im¬
portant of them are: What factors contributed to the emergence and rise of right-wing populism and
Euroscepticism in the Netherlands and Poland? What was the specific ideological and programme
nature of the parties in question? What were the characteristics of their Eurosceptical attitudes and
what are their determinants? What was the significance of the European issue for the mobilisation
of the parties voters and did it boost their support during the elections? And what was the impact of
specific national and external factors on the analysed phenomena?
Moreover, two hypotheses were put forward. According to the first, the ideological and pro¬
gramme principles characteristic of right-wing populist parties
—
the core of which is a vertical and
horizontal exclusion as well as cultural protectionism, a desire to create a strong and sovereign state,
to protect the national interest in the economy and to strengthen the citizens influence on the process
of governing
-
imply the Eurosceptical attitudes of the LPF and the LPR. According to the second
-
Euroscepticism of the right-wing populist parties contributed to their electoral successes, i.e. in the
case of the LPF and the LPR we are dealing with the so-called
EU
issue voting1.
The present paper is based on a case study analysis (multiple case study) with elements of com¬
parative analysis. The cases were chosen on the basis of Mill s so-called method of agreement or,
in other words, on Przeworski s and Teune s most different systems approach. According to these
researchers, two cases should be different in all respects with the exception of the analysed varia¬
bles3. The similarities between the two parties (recognised as right-wing populist with Eurosceptical
attitudes, similar period of emergence and electoral successes
-
early 21st century) made it possible
to compare them on the ideological and programme plane, compare their Eurosceptical attitudes and
to examine the causative links between the emergence of the LPF and the LPR in party systems,
and Euroscepticism. The selection of cases that differed in various important aspects (internal politi¬
cal and socio-economic conditions as well as different experiences of the Netherlands and Poland
when it comes to the
EU)
allowed the author to highlight the elements and mechanisms common
to both parties. The research methodology in the present dissertation focuses mainly on qualitative
anlysis. In addition, the author uses the quantitative method.
The analysed period
- 2001-2005 -
is marked by the dates on which the parties in question were
founded, and by the events related to the rejection, in
2005,
of the draft Constitutional Treaty in the
French and Dutch referenda, a fact which for a long time removed the issue of European integration
from policies of various states. Moreover, both the LPF, following the
2006
elections, and the LPR,
following the
2007
elections, found themselves outside their respective national parliaments and
remained on the margins of the political scene.
Structure of the book
The book consists of four parts: theoretical part, case study
-
Pirn
Fortuyn
List, case study
-
League of Polish Families, and comparative analysis.
2 EU
issue voting, also known as
EU
voting, denotes a process in which attitudes to European integration
translate into electoral behaviour. For more on this topic: sec chapter
3.2.
3
For more sec: Hopkin J., Comparative Methods, [in:] Theories and Methods in Political sciences,
ed.
D.
Marsh,
G.
Stoker, Krakow
2006,
pp.
251-271.
____________________________
Summary
■ 399
In the first part of the book the existing theoretical concepts concerning the phenomena of right-
wing populism and Euroscepticism were discussed. Then new proposals for the definitions of the
basic terms and analytical categories essential to the research were presented. Part one is also an
examination of the evolution of electoral behaviour as well as strategies of various political par¬
ties over the last few decades, including the concept of issue voting. Finally a model of analysis of
the European issue as an element that mobilises voters supporting right-wing populist parties was
presented.
The second and third parts of the book are devoted to an examination of the cases with regard
to the research questions posed in the book. In both parts the same analytical criteria, were applied,
which made it possible to carry out a detailed comparison in the following section of the book. First¬
ly, the origins, development and evolution of the LPF and LPR were presented, setting them against
a broad socio-political background and pointing to the political, economic and
socio-cultural
deter¬
minants of right-wing populism. In addition, various countries experiences related to the European
integration project were explored, as well as the origins and evolution of the European discourse in
the party systems of the Netherlands and Poland. The reflections continue with an examination of the
ideological and programme nature of the LPF and the LPR. This has made it possible to verify both
parties as affiliated to the examined party family and to emphasise their specific features. Next,
a multidimensional analysis of Euroscepticism of the parties in question was carried out, pointing
out its qualitative features and its intensity. The evolution of Eurosceptical attitudes of the LPF and
the LPR is also examined as well as the ways in which the parties adapted to the development of
European integration.
This is followed by an analysis of the various cases according the model of studying Euroscepti¬
cism as a mobilisation issue, a model presented in the theoretical part of the book. National elections
in
2001
and
2005
in Poland were taken into account, as well as the
2002
and
2003
elections in the
Netherlands, in which both parties won a substantial number of votes. According to the model, the
demand and the supply on the macro and micro level were discussed. With regard to the demand on
the macro level, public attitudes to European integration were examined. The subsequent analysis
of the macro level supply shows how the European issue has been adopted in political rivalry and
whether there was a favourable opportunity
structuré
for Eurosceptical parties to explore the Eu¬
ropean issue. The micro level demonstrates the election strategies of the parties in question, which
makes it possible to establish whether Euroscepticism was a central element in their campaigns. On
the other hand, the analysis of the voters of the parties indicates whether there was a demand on the
micro level, a demand that the parties could exploit. The whole analysis becomes a basis to answer
the question of whether we could expect the
EU
voting mechanism in the case of the LPF and the
LPR, and what determined its appearance.
The fourth and last part of the book is a comparative analysis of the selected cases. This com¬
parison enabled to establish similar factors and mechanisms that led the emergence and development
of the LPF and the LPR, to define their common ideological and programme core, and to specify
similarities, differences and sources of the parties Eurosceptical attitudes. The comparative analysis
also emphasises the similarities and differences in the parties election strategies and in other factors
that determine
EU
voting. In addition, the comparative analysis has revealed the impact of national
and external factors on right-wing populism and Euroscepticism.
General conclusions
The research described above has enabled to verify the two hypotheses put forward at the
beginning of the book. The first hypothesis has been confirmed. In both studied cases it turned out
that the aversion to European integration had its source in a desire to protect the country s cultural
identity, political sovereignty and economic interest, and to give the citizens a bigger say in govern-
400
Summary
ance.
An important role in the parties Eurosceptical profiles was played by a right-wing populist
dichotomy which, on the vertical level, contrasted society with pro-European elites, and on the
horizontal level
-
identity and national interest with EU-related threats.
Moreover, the research reveals that the specific national context in which the parties function
has a significant impact on their ideological and programme nature. That is why it also indirectly
contributes to Eurosceptical argumentation used by the parties and adds weight to its various dimen¬
sions
-
cultural, political and economic. It should be noted that the main reasons behind the LPF s
aversion to European integration were of political nature. The significant role was played by the
issue of deficit of democracy in the
EU
and the citizens lack of influence on decisions made on the
European level. In the case of the LPF, the cultural argument was less significant because for the
party the values that were the foundation of Dutch culture were compatible with those that the
EU
subscribed to. The main threat to the Dutch identity was posed by a multicultural society and espe¬
cially Muslim immigrants and their system of values. The party used the controversial issue of im¬
migration to engender aversion to further
EU
enlargement and deepening of European integration.
On the other hand, when it came to the economy, the neo-liberal nature of the party corresponded
to the EU s economic integration model, which made it much more difficult for the party to use this
type of argumentation. Despite that, the LPF was against further expansion of the EU s powers in
this sphere because it believed this was against the Netherlands national interest.
In the case of the League of Polish Families, all three dimensions
-
cultural, political and eco¬
nomic
-
were equally important in the party s expression of protest against the European integration
project. When it came to culture, the main issue was the difference in the systems of values: the one
preferred by the party, which in its opinion was the foundation of Polish culture, and the one repre¬
sented by the
EU. In
the political sphere, the most important element of the LPR s argumentation
against the
EU
and further European integration was the loss of sovereignty or even independence of
the country, and the German threat. With regard to economic issues the exclusive focus on Poland,
and economic protectionism proved to be important arguments against Poland s participation in the
European project and later in the monetary union. For the LPR the European Union was the main
source of threats on all three levels of the functioning of the state and the nation.
The research has also revealed that external determinants have a significant impact on the in¬
tensity of Eurosceptical attitudes. In the case of the LPF, the Netherlands long-standing
EU
mem¬
bership forced the party to face the problem of how to continue the integration process on various
levels within the
EU,
an example of which was
EU
enlargement and the Constitutional Treaty. The
Netherlands withdrawal from the
EU
or retreat the European integration project was unrealistic in
practice and hence the parry s soft Euroscepticism. However, in the case of the LPR the fact that
Poland came from the outside allowed the party to adopt a radical approach, because the EU s
offer was perceived as a package
-
take everything or nothing . Poland s subsequent membership
in the
EU
forced the party to take a stance on a number of integration-related issues, which also de¬
termined its functioning on the political scene. This contributed to a gradual softening of the LPR s
hard Euroscepticism.
The research has also enabled to verify the second of the initial hypotheses. Following the model
-
presented in the theoretical part of the book
-
of studying Euroscepticism as a mobilisation force,
the conclusions have been formulated on the basis of an analysis of the micro level factors. They
are the attitudes of the LPF and LPR voters to European integration and mobilisation of voters by
means of European issue. In each of the analysed election campaigns the following conditions were
fulfilled: voters were Eurosceptical and thus ideologically close to their party. However, the analysis
of the supply side has revealed that the political parties adopted different election strategies in their
various campaigns. The crucial difference was between the LPF and the LPR, though there were also
differences between the campaigns. For the League of Polish Families Euroscepticism became an
integral element of both its campaigns, though in the
2001
campaign it was the central issue, while
Summary
■ 401
in the
2005
campaign European issue was clearly of lesser importance. In the case of the LPF, in
both election campaigns Euroscepticism was only a marginal element of the party s strategy, barely
registered in its campaign.
An analysis of all the cases has allowed to state that in the case of the Pirn
Fortuyn
List
EU
issue
voting might have had only a marginal effect in both election campaigns in question, which means
that European issue was not significant factor mobilising the voters and thus did not contribute sig¬
nificantly to the party s success in the elections. In the case of the League of Polish Families it could
be said that in the
2001
campaign Euroscepticism was to a large extent a source of voters mobilisa¬
tion and thus contributed significantly to the party s political success. It seems, however, that in the
2005
campaign the effect of the LPR s Euroscepticism was weaker in terms of voter mobilisation
than in the previous campaign.
The socio-political background of the emergence and functioning of both parties (macro level),
presented in the book, enables to make an attempt at defining the elements that may have contributed
to the differences in the strategies adopted by the parties in their respective election campaigns, and
may have strengthened or weakened the
EU
voting effect.
The comparative analysis has revealed certain patterns in this respect. In the pre-election period
in the Netherlands in
2002, 2003,
and in Poland in
2005,
the Eurosceptical political opportunity
structure
-
which comprises attitude and actions taken by rival political parties with regard to Eu¬
ropean issue, as well as the level of convergence of the political establishment parties
-
seems to be
less favourable to adopting Eurosceptical strategy by the examined parties, in comparison with the
2001
elections. In addition, despite the fact that the number of people averse to the European inte¬
gration increased, in the pre-election period in the Netherlands, both in
2002
and in
2003,
European
integration was not a significant social problem. On the other hand, in Poland it does seem signifi¬
cant that in
2001
European issue was much more important to people than in
2005.
The important catalysts that influence the status of European issue as factor mobilising voters,
and the strategies of political parties seem also to include external determinants. The significance
of Poland s accession to the
EU
made it an inflammatory element in the political discourse, a fact
that was reflected in the
2001
election campaign and the strategy of the LPR. The rejection of the
Constitutional Treaty by the French and the Dutch in their
2005
referenda reduced the relevancy of
the deepening of
EU
integration which ceased to be politically important. In the case of the Nether¬
lands, however, in both the
2002
and
2003
elections there was no external factor significant enough
to make European issue an important element of the election campaign. It seemed that this role could
be played by
EU
enlargement of Central and Eastern European countries; this, however, did not hap¬
pen. The agreement reached during the
EU
summit in December
2002
to a large extent eliminated
the controversy surrounding the accession of new members to the
EU.
The above conclusions can be referred to the debate on the impact of European integration on the
national political scenes. Drawing on
Cees
Van
der
Eijk and Mark Franklin s reference to a sleep¬
ing giant , the conclusion is that in favourable internal political conditions and appropriate external
conditions, this giant can be awakened and influence voters preferences, which could be seen in
the case of the LPR, particularly in the
2001
election. However, the stand for or against European
integration taken by various states societies still remains a sleeping giant which does not have
a significant influence on the results of the rivalry between political parties.
Translated by
Anna Kijak
Indeks nazwisk
Agema
Marie-Pleur
125
AliAyaanH.
124
Andeweg Rudy
В.
100, 101, 103, 105,
111
Andrusiewicz
Wojciech
247
Antoszewski
Andrzej
19, 82, 208, 210, 217,
218,229,295,325
Arendt
Hanna
216
As Gerard
P. van
122-124
Aspinwall Mark
73
Baaien
Johannes C. (Hans) van
114, 199
Bachmann
Klaus
19
Backes Uwe
3
1
Bagsik
Bogusław
214
Balcerowicz Leszek
213
Balicki
Jan 108
Balkenende
Jan
P.
121-124,171,172,187,188,
190
Bayer Josef 39
Beatrix
(królowa)
97
Beichelt Timm 46
Belka Marek
303,304
Bender
Ryszard J.
228, 232
Benedetto
Giacomo
76
Benoist Alain
36
Benschop
Dick
171
Bergsdorf Harald 24
Berlusconi Silvio
51,140
Betz
Hans-Georg
13, 24,31-33, 35, 36, 47
BeyenJanW.
112
Beyme Klaus
von 23,229, 230
Biela Adam
232
Bielenin
Kazimierz
227
Brink Ton van den
161, 165, 170
Birsl Ursula
31
Bobiński Krzysztof
301, 302, 304
Boer
Barmo
81,92, 112-114, 173,198,200
Boer
Rolf de 121
Bogucka Maria 108
Bolkestein
Frits
114, 116
Bomhoff Eduardl21,122
Boogaard
Raymond van den 128
Booij Albert de 119
Bordewijk Paul 202
Borkacki Stanislaw 227
Borowski
Marek
232
Bos Wouter
201
Bossi Umberto
140
Breton
Raymond
325
Brink Ton van
den 161, 165, 170
Broda Rafał
227
Brug Wouter van der
52, 83, 89, 121, 329
Budge Ian
84, 85, 87
Buitenen Paul van
199
Bujará
Małgorzata
234
Bukowska Xymena
209,290
Burkę Edmund
202
Buzek Jerzy
212, 215, 223,228, 283, 290, 294
Campbell
Angus
88
Canovan
Margaret
13
Carruba
Clifford J.
81, 92
Carter Elisabeth
52
Castro Fidel
25
Chours
Jutta 119,182
Chruszcz
Sylwester
314
Cimoszewicz
Włodzimierz
233
Cordell Karl
229
Crawford Keith
230
Cuperas
René 329,105,118
Cwalina Wojciech
87
Czarnecki Ryszard
224
Cześnik Mikołaj
209,290
DankertPiet
112
Decker Frank
19, 24-26, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34,
37-39,41-44,46-50,348
Dekker
Paul
161,167,168,198
Deloy
Corinne
201
Deth Jan W. van
28
Indeks nazwisk
403
Dewinter Filip
140
Diamond Lany
23
Dijkstal
Hans
171, 175,183
Dmowski Roman
225,237-239,248-250
Dobrosz Janusz
232, 236, 241, 247, 254, 258,
259, 262, 263, 267,268
Dołbakowska Magdalena
233, 240,304
Dost John
119
Downs Anthony
90, 92
Dress
Willem
111
Dubiel Helmut 44
Duda
Renata 222
Dudek Antoni
211,214,215,232, 233
DuffekKarlA. 105
Duisenberg Wim 116
Dülmer Hermann 47
Duverger Maurice 23
Dziobkowska Dominika
316
Dzwończyk Joanna
27,207,208,210,211,214,
217,218
Eatwell Roger 44,47, 50, 51, 83
Eckhardt
Maciej
243
EderveenSjefl64, 166
Edwards Erica E. 81
Eerdmans Joost
123
Eijk
Cees van
der 14, 80, 81,91, 203,347
Eijsvoogel Juurd 102
Eismann Wolfgang 25, 31, 39
Evans
Geoffrey
81
Falkowski
Andrzej
87
Falter Jürgen W. 88
Falkowski
Mateusz
273, 301
Farfał Piotr
251
Farlie Dennis
J.
84, 87
Fennema Meindert 41, 52, 83
Fini Gianfranco
140
Flood Christopher
63-65, 68, 73, 74
Fortuyn
Pirn
7, 8, 10, 14, 16, 17, 37, 39, 95,
97, 100-102, 105, 107, 109,
ПО,
117-
160, 178-184, 186, 190-196, 198-200,
323, 324, 326, 328-338, 340-342, 344,
346
Franklin Mark
N.
14, 80, 81, 83, 91, 203, 347
FransemAd
182
Frey Timotheos 102-104, 109, 116-118
Frölich-Steffen Susanne 26,223
Fuchs Dieter 28
Gabel Matthew 81, 92
Gadomski
Witold
316
Galan Menno de 182, 119
Gamson William A. 52
Gąsiorowski Andrzej
214
Giddens Anthony 28
Giertych Jędrzej
238, 240
Gierrych Maciej
225-227, 238, 248, 249, 253,
254,258,309,310,313,314
Giertych Roman 231-236, 238, 243, 245, 248-
251,255,256,259,263,264,266,267,296,
302,313,314,316-318,326
Głowacki Andrzej
98-100,132
Gmurczyk Adam
225
Goodwyn Lawrence 46
Goryszewski Henryk 227
Górnicz Ewa
220
GraafThomC.de
173
Grabowska
Mirosława
208, 216,218
Grabowski
Dariusz
224,232,313
Griffiths
Richard
T.
112
Grofman Bernard 84
Grün Michaela 249
Gulczyński Mariusz
226
Günther Richard 23
Haarscher Guy 106
Hainsworth Paul 53, 100
Hall
Aleksander
249
Hanf
Kenneth
115
Harmsen
Robert 56, 57, 68,115,156, 171,173,
174,176,183,186,188,198-203
Harryvan
Anjo
G.
112,113
Hartleb Florian 39,41
Harst
Jan van der 112,11
3
Hatka
Witold
227
Heider Jörg 140,249
Heinisch Reinhard 25, 28,34,41,42
Heinsbroek
Herman
121,122
Heitmayer Wilhelm 31
Henkes Kevin 106
Herben
Mathieu
(Mat)
122,123,139,140, 144,
145, 149, 150, 152, 154, 155-159, 182,
192-194,202
Herbut
Ryszard
23, 33, 34, 41, 43, 48, 53, 54,
74, 82, 208, 326
Hippe
Joop
122, 123,184
Hoetjes Ben J.S. 113, 117, 163,171
Hoffebert Richard 84, 85
404
Indeks nazwisk
Hofmann Anna
25
Hollanders
David
25, 31
Holsteyn Joop J.M.
van
81, 92, 100-102, 109,
ПО,
162-164,166, 168, 169, 184-186, 196,
197,349,355,356
Hołub Jacek
317, 318
Hoogendijk Ferry
181
Hoogerwerf Andries
102
Hooghe Liesbet
72
Hopkin Jonathan
15
Horodecki Andrzej
225
Huizinga
Johan
107
Huntington Samuel
P.
64
Ignazi
Piero
33, 39
Immerfall
Stefan
32
Inglehart Ronald
45, 108, 324, 325
Irwin
Galen A.
100, 101, 103, 105, 110,
111,
163,164,166,168, 184-186, 196,197, 349,
355,356
Ismayr Wolfgang
98
Jabłoński Andrzej W.
325
Jackowski
Jan M.
267
Jacyna-Onyszkiewicz Zbigniew
310
Jan Paweł
II
(papież)
283
Jankiewicz Joanna
39-41
Jankowski Zdzisław
232
Janmaat
Hans
110
Janowski Gabriel
228,231
Jedlicki P.
248
Jednaka Wiesława
82-84, 87,210, 357, 358
Jennings
M.
Kent
28
Jenny
Marcelo
85
Jezierski Andrzej
213
Jędrzejczak Beata
301, 302
Jurek Marek
236
Kaczmarek Kazimierz
19
Kaczyński Jarosław
235
Kaczyński Lech
285,286
Kalinowski Jarosław
284
Kaliński Janusz
213-215
Kandel
Johannes 105
Kanter Jan 138,140
Kantor Ewa
311
Karolewski Paweł
19
Katz Richard F. 23,48
Kawęcki Krzysztof
225
Keman
Hans
122
Kennedy
James
С.
108, 109
Kersbergen Kees
van
163
Keulen Mendeltje van
161, 165, 170
Keynes John M.
32
Kitschelt Herbert 33, 48, 52, 83
Klein Markus
47
Kleinnijenhuis Jan
86, 182, 194, 195, 354
Klingemann
Hans-Dieter
28, 84, 85
KokWiml01,102,
113, 120
Kolarska-Bobińska
Lena B.
220
Kolczyński Mariusz
212, 228,282
Kondzińska Agata
315
Koole Rudolf A.
(Ruud)
114, 115, 173
Koopman
Paul
138, 181
Koopmans Ruud
109
Kopecký Petr
58-62, 65, 72, 73, 75
Korwin-Mikke
Janusz
224,286
Koseła Krzysztof
218
Kostrzębski Karol
223, 228, 296
Kotlinowski Marek
227, 228, 232, 234, 246,
249,261,313
Kowalczyk Krzysztof
238
Kowalewski Mariusz
316
Kowalski Bogusław
226, 227
Kowalski Marcin
317, 318
Krajewski Andrzej
19
Kraneveldt Margot 123
Kreling
Thomas 194
Kriesi
Hanspeter
45, 47^49, 102-104, 109,
116-118
Krouwel
André
25, 31,81
Król Marcin
316,235
Krutul Piotr
311
Krzaklewski Marian
211, 223, 283
Krzemiński Ireneusz
316
Kucharczyk Jacek
281, 300, 301, 220-224,
273
Kucia Marek
324
Kułakowski Jan
315
Kurczewska Urszula
304
Kwasniewski
Aleksander
249, 304, 317
Lachat
Romain 45,48, 49, 117, 118
Laclau
Ernesto
27
Lagendijk Joost
116
Landau
Zbigniew
213-215
Lang Kai-Olaf 25
Lange Sarah L. de 101, 110
Indeks nazwisk
405
Langendam
Peter
119
Lasch
Christopher
37
Le
Pen
Jean-Marie
249
Leipart
J0rn
Y.
84
Lepper
Andrzej
224, 235,286, 287
Lepszy
Norbert
98, 99, 101
Leszczyńska Cecylia
213
Leszek Moczulski
228
Lewczuk Henryk
231
Lewis Paul G.
55, 75
Lijphart Arend A.
98
Lisicka Halina
210, 218, 226
Lizut Mikołaj
248,317
Lloyd John
31
Loch Dietmar 31
Lösche
Peter
31
Lubbers Marcel
47,66, 67
Lucardie Paul
119, 121-123, 127, 129, 132,
133
Łaptos Józef
106
Łętowski Maciej
235
Łopuszański Jan E.
22, 224, 226-228, 231,
237
Łoś-Nowak Teresa
214, 222
Macierewicz Antoni
223, 227, 228, 231, 237,
311
Mackic
Thomas
T.
83
Madajczyk
R.
294
Mair
Peter
23, 48, 81,84
Majchrowski Jacek
241
Mansholt
Sicco
112
March Luke
28, 29
Marcinkiewicz Kazimierz
234
Marijnissen
Johannes G.Ch.A.
(Jan)
176
Markovits
Andrej S.
27
Markowski Radosław
27, 49, 209, 233, 290,
329
Marks Gary
14, 72, 85
Marody
Mirosława
208
Marsh
David
15
Masłowska Gabriela
245
Maurer
Andreas
113
Mazowiecki Tadeusz
213
Mazur Marek
87
McGann Anthony J.
33, 52, 83
McManus-Czubińska
Clare
279
Meer Tom van der 101, 110
Mény Yves
13,25,26,48
MerkI
Peter H.
44
Merril
III
Samuel
84
Michnik Adam
218
Middlekoop Eimert van
202
Migalski
Marek
282, 310, 87
Mill John
S.
15
Miller
Leszek
232, 233,264, 300, 316
Milner
Susan 77
Mina
Dolle
107
Minkenberg Michael 24,46, 249
Mitchell Paul 53
Mitra Subrata
К.
50
Mittag Jürgen 113
Moerland
René
194
Mokrzycki Edmund
208
Moxon-Browne
Edward
76
Mudde
Cas
25-27, 29-34, 40, 42, 44, 47, 50,
52, 53, 58-62, 65, 72, 73, 87,100
Mughan Anthony
121
Müller Bernd 107
Müller Wolfgang
С.
84, 85
Nalewajko Ewa
27,
ЗО,
31, 220, 222, 224,282,
286, 300
Nawijn Hilbrand
P.A. 123, 124
NijeboerArjen
198,201
Norris
Pippa
44, 50, 52, 81, 84, 108
Nowacki
M.
315
Nowak
Stefan
216
O Brien Carolyn
53
Ociepka
Beata
19
Olczyk
Eliza
316
Olechowski Andrzej
212
Olejniczak
Wojciech
233
Olejnik
Monika
250
Olszewski Jan
228,231
,
300,311
Os Pieter
van
131,194
Paczkowski Andrzej
225
Paridon
Kees
van
104,105
Pastors Marco
124, 141
Pastusiak Longin
304,317
Paszkiewicz Krystyna
A.
227
Pawlicki Jacek
249, 315
PellikaanHuiblOl.llO
Pels Dick
120, 127-129, 134, 136, 143, 146,
148
406
Indeks nazwisk
Pennings
Paul
122
Perot
Henry
R.
12,37
Petrocik John R.
86
Pęk Bogdan
232
Pfahl-Traughber
Armin 31
Philipp Wilfried 84, 85
Piasecki Bolesław
225
Pijpers
Alfred
201
Piłsudski Józef
237
Piskorski Mateusz
226-228, 230, 238, 242,
249
Plame
Imma
82, 87, 88
Plasser
Fritz
50, 82, 85
Plażyński Maciej
212
Podolski Antoni
315
Poorthuis Frank
136-138,181
Poręba Bohdan
225
Praag
Philip
van
184
Pridham Geoffrey
230
Prus Edward
227
Przeworski Adam
15
Przyłęcki Paweł
210, 215, 247, 256, 259, 325
Quaglia Lucia
76
Raadt
Jasper
de
25, 31
RaapLianne
114, 115, 173
Radek Monika
220, 221-224, 300
Radaelli Claudio
56
Ray
Leonard
72, 86
Reisigl Martin
25,42
Reitz Jeffrey
G.
325
Rensmann Lars 24, 26, 28,41, 42,223
Ridder Josje
M.
den 81, 86, 92,
ПО,
162-164,
166, 168, 169,185, 186,196, 197
Rietberg Ewald
M.
86
Rikker Walter 85
Rilke
J.
de 148
Rogalski
Bogusław
261
Roguska
Beata
281
Rokita
Jan Maria 302,305
Rood
Jan
Q.
Th.
114,168, 169,172,175
Rosenberger Sieglinde K. 27
Roszkowski Wojciech
233
Ruman Jan M
.255, 256
Ruszkowski Janusz
220
Rydgren
Jens 44, 50, 52-54, 83, 84, 91, 100-
102,109,110,184
Rydzyk Tadeusz
226, 227, 296, 317, 318
Rywin Lew
232
Rzeźniczak Bartosz
266
Sandecki Maciej
285
Scheepers
Peer
47, 66, 67
Scheve
Kenneth
81, 92
Schijndel Anton van
202
Schill
Ronald
12, 37, 39
Schoen
Harald 88
Scott David J.
85, 86
Shin
Doh
С.
325
Sielski Jerzy
238
Siemieńska Renata
208
Sitter Nick
75, 76, 81
Skotnicka-îliasiewicz
Elżbieta
273
Skutecki Paweł
243
Słodkowska Inka
228, 229, 233, 240, 242,
304
Słomka Adam
222
Smit
Michael
124
Sobecká
Anna
232
Soetendorp Ben
115
Sokół Wojciech
55, 211, 228, 229
Sommer
Franz
82
Spiering Menno 56, 57, 68
SpruytBartJ.
131, 182
Stadtmüller
Elżbieta
H.
214
Stankiewicz Katrina
249
Statham
Paul
109
Steenbergen
Marco
R.
14, 81, 85, 86
Stikker Dirk
112
Stoiber Edmund 140
Stoker
Gerry
15
Stom Kaare
84
StugerOlaf
123,141,159
Subotié
Małgorzata
316-318
Sucker
Dagmar 249
Sulowski
Paweł
257,258
Surei
Yves
13,25,26,48
Swank Duane
47
Szacki Jerzy
26
Szacki Wojciech
234, 248, 251, 316
Szafraniec Jan
232
Szarliński
Jan
227
Szawiel Tadeusz
209, 216, 219
Szczerbak Aleks
57
Sztompka Piotr
324
Sztumski Janusz
282, 212,228
Szumska Gertruda
313
Indeks nazwisk
407
Szustak Halina
311
Szymański Adam
265,283, 291
Ślusarczyk Piotr
248
Śmiłowicz Piotr
315, 316
Taggart Paul 24, 26, 31, 32, 57, 58, 60-62, 65,
68, 73-75, 78
Tarrow
Sidney
52
Taute
Ilona
101, 104,108
Te
Velde Henk
106, 107
Tejkowski Bolesław
225
Terlikowski Tomasz P.
253, 254
Teune Henry
15
Thaa Winfried 217
Thadden
Rudolf
J.
von 25
Thomassen
Jacques 166,167, 169
Thränhardt Dietrich 109
Tiersky Ronald 60
Tillie
Jean 52,83
Tillman Eric R. 81,91
Tokarczuk
Antoni
228
Tokarczyk Roman 25
Tokarz Grzegorz
225,226, 239
Tomasiewicz Jarosław
237,241
Tomczak Łukasz
226
Tomczak Mariusz
249, 262
Trìchet Jean-Claude
116
Truszczyński Jan
224
Tusk
Donald 212
UlramPeterA.
50, 82, 85
Valen
Henry
83
Verbon Herrie
202
Verdonk
Rita
124
Voerman
Gerrit 119, 121, 122, 127, 129, 132,
133,142, 184
Vogels
Peet
138
Vollaard Hans 81, 92, 112-114, 175, 198, 200
Vorm F. van der 148
Vries
Catherine E. de 80, 81, 85 86, 91,163
Walczak-Duraj Danuta 210, 226,247
Walczewski
Jacek
227
Walker
Eik
46,229
Wałęsa Lech
225
Waniek Danuta 217, 226,232,304
WansinkHans 107,109,136-138, 181
Ware Alan 85
Waszkielewicz Bernadeta 294
Weber Max 23
Weidenfeld Werner 224
Weinberg Leonard 44
Werz Nicolas 39
Wessels Wolfgang 113, 224
Wiącek Leokadia
248
Wiechecki
Rafał
235
Wielecki
Tadeusz
224
Wielenga
Friso
101, 104,108,
111,
120, 123
Wieliński Bartosz
T.
249
Wierzejski Wojciech
234, 248, 251, 257, 266,
310
Wijnschenk
Harry 122
Wilders
Geert
124,125, 202,203, 344
Wilson Carole 72
Witz
Hasle
114
Wqjtasiuk
Waldemar
87
Wouters
Richard 116
Wroński Paweł
250
Wrzodak Zygmunt
226-228, 231-234, 242,
246
Wynia Syp
202
Zając Stanisław
228
Zalm
Gerrit 114, 117,187
Zdort Marcin D.
294
Zuba
Krzysztof
57, 64-67, 74, 220, 226, 227,
230, 231262, 267, 283-286, 295, 296, 300,
306,307,311
Żmigrodzki Marek
55, 211
Żurek Marek
220
Spis treści
Wykaz skrótów
............................................................ 10
Wstęp
.................................................................... 13
Część I
■
Podstawy teoretyczne
Rozdział
1.
Prawicowe partie populistyczne
-
rozważania terminologiczne
............. 23
1.1.
Syndrom populizmu
................................................... 24
1.2.
Prawicowy populizm
.................................................. 31
1.3.
Czynniki warunkujące powstanie i sukces partii prawicowo-populistycznych
..... 43
Rozdział
2.
Eurosceptycyzm
-
zjawisko, koncept badawczy, determinanty
.............. 56
2.1.
Typologia postaw wobec integracji europejskiej
............................. 56
2.2.
Definicja eurosceptycyzmu oraz model jego badania
......................... 68
2.3.
Determinanty postaw eurosceptycznych
................................... 72
Rozdział
3.
Eurosceptycyzm jako kwestia mobilizacyjna
............................ 80
3.1.
Zmiana zachowań wyborczych oraz strategii partii politycznych
-
issue voting
.... 82
3.2.
Eurosceptycyzm jako kwestia mobilizacyjna
-
model analityczny
............... 91
Część
II
·
Studium przypadku
-
Lista Pima Fortuyna
Rozdział
4.
Uwarunkowania prawicowego populizmu i eurosceptycyzmu w Holandii
-
ge¬
neza Listy Pima Fortuyna
..................................................... 97
4.1.
Kształtowanie się sceny politycznej w Holandii
-
uwarunkowania polityczne prawi¬
cowego populizmu
....................................................... 97
4.2.
Uwarunkowania ekonomiczne prawicowego populizmu
...................... 103
4.3.
Uwarunkowania społeczno-kulturowe prawicowego populizmu
................ 106
4.4.
Holandia a Unia Europejska
-
kształtowanie się postaw eurosceptycznych w holen¬
derskim systemie partyjnym
................................................ 111
4.5.
Lista Pima Fortuyna na scenie politycznej Holandii
.......................... 117
Rozdział
5.
Ideologia i program Listy Pima Fortuyna
............................... 126
5.1.
Ideowe korzenie Listy
................................................. 127
5.2.
Kulturowe fundamenty programowego oblicza Listy
......................... 131
5.3.
Kwestie polityczne w programie Listy
.................................... 132
5.4.
Kwestie ekonomiczne w programie Listy
.................................. 133
5.5.
Horyzontalna i wertykalna ekskluzja prawicowo-populistyczna
................ 135
Rozdział
6.
Eurosceptycyzm Listy Pima Fortuyna
................................. 142
6.1.
Kulturowy wymiar eurosceptycyzmu
..................................... 143
6.2.
Polityczny wymiar eurosceptycyzmu
..................................... 145
6.3.
Ekonomiczny wymiar eurosceptycyzmu
.................................. 151
6.4.
Poszerzenie Unii Europejskiej a eurosceptycyzm
............................ 152
6.5.
Horyzontalna i wertykalna ekskluzja prawicowo-populistyczna a eurosceptycyzm
.. 156
6.6.
Eurosceptycyzm „twardy czy „miękki ?
.................................. 157
8 ■
Spis treści
Rozdział
7.
Eurosceptycyzm jako kwestia mobilizacyjna
........................... 160
7.1.
Popyt na poziomie makro
-
integracja europejska w opinii społecznej
........... 160
7.2.
Analiza strony podaży
-
integracja europejska w kampanii wyborczej
2002
roku
170
7.3.
Popyt na poziomie mikro
-
elektorat Listy Pima Fortuyna a postawy eurosceptyczne
w
2002
roku
.............................................................
184
7.4.
Analiza strony podaży
-
integracja europejska w kampanii wyborczej
2003
roku
... 186
7.5.
Popyt na poziomie mikro
-
elektorat Listy Pima Fortuyna a postawy eurosceptyczne
w
2003
roku
............................................................. 196
7.6.
Zmiana eurosceptycznej
opportunity structure
-
referendum w
2005
roku
........ 198
Część III
■
Studium przypadku
-
Liga Polskich Rodzin
Rozdział
8.
Uwarunkowania prawicowego populizmu i eurosceptycyzmu w Polsce
-
geneza
Ligi Polskich Rodzin
......................................................... 207
8.1.
Kształtowanie się polskiej sceny politycznej po
1989
roku
-
uwarunkowania poli¬
tyczne prawicowego populizmu
............................................. 207
8.2.
Uwarunkowania ekonomiczne prawicowego populizmu
...................... 213
8.3.
Uwarunkowania społeczno-kulturowe prawicowego populizmu
................ 216
8.4.
Polska na drodze do członkostwa w Unii Europejskiej
-
kształtowanie się postaw
eurosceptycznych na scenie politycznej III Rzeczypospolitej
...................... 219
8.5.
Geneza Ligi Polskich Rodzin
............................................ 225
8.6.
Liga Polskich Rodzin na polskiej scenie politycznej
......................... 228
Rozdział
9.
Ideologia i program Ligi Polskich Rodzin
.............................. 237
9.1.
Ideowe korzenie Ligi
.................................................. 237
9.2.
Kulturowe fundamenty programowego oblicza Ligi
......................... 240
9.3.
Kwestie polityczne w programie Ligi
..................................... 241
9.4.
Kwestie ekonomiczne w programie Ligi
................................... 243
9.5.
Horyzontalna i wertykalna ekskluzja prawicowo-populistyczna
................ 245
Rozdział
10.
Eurosceptycyzm Ligi Polskich Rodzin
................................ 252
10.1.
Kulturowy wymiar eurosceptycyzmu
.................................... 252
10.2.
Polityczny wymiar eurosceptycyzmu
.................................... 255
10.3.
Ekonomiczny wymiar eurosceptycyzmu
.................................. 259
10.4.
Poszerzenie Unii Europejskiej a eurosceptycyzm
........................... 262
10.5.
Horyzontalna i wertykalna ekskluzja prawicowo-populistyczna a eurosceptycyzm
263
10.6.
Eurosceptycyzm „twardy czy „miękki ?
................................. 265
Rozdział
11.
Eurosceptycyzm jako kwestia mobilizacyjna
........................... 269
11.1.
Popyt na poziomie makro-integracja europejska w opinii społecznej
.......... 269
11.2.
Analiza strony podaży
-
integracja europejska w kampanii wyborczej
2001
roku
... 282
11.3.
Popyt na poziomie mikro
-
elektorat LPR a postawy eurosceptyczne w
2001
roku
297
11.4.
Zmiana eurosceptycznej
opportunity structure
-
integracja europejska w kampanii
wyborczej
2005
roku. Analiza strony podaży
................................... 299
11.5.
Popyt na poziomie mikro
-
elektorat LPR a postawy eurosceptyczne w
2005
roku
318
Część
IV
■
Analiza porównawcza
Rozdział
12.
Lista Pima Fortuyna i Liga Polskich Rodzin jako partie prawicowo-populi-
styczne i eurosceptyczne. Podobieństwa i różnice
.................................. 323
12.1.
Uwarunkowania prawicowego populizmu i eurosceptycyzmu w Holandii i Polsce
324
12.2.
Ideologia i program Listy i Ligi
........................................ 330
12.3.
Eurosceptycyzm Listy i Ligi
........................................... 333
12.4.
Eurosceptycyzm w mobilizacji wyborczej Listy i Ligi
___ .................. 338
Spis treści
Zakończenie
.............................................................. 344
Aneks
.................................................................... 348
Bibliografia
................................................................ 364
Spis rycin
................................................................. 394
Spis tabel
................................................................. 395
Spis załączników
.......................................................... 396
Summary
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Indeks nazwisk
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|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Moroska, Aleksandra |
| author_facet | Moroska, Aleksandra |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Moroska, Aleksandra |
| author_variant | a m am |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037363811 |
| classification_rvk | MG 38380 MK 5050 MK 5100 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)717175994 (DE-599)BVBBV037363811 |
| discipline | Politologie |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen Niederlande |
| id | DE-604.BV037363811 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:22:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788322931103 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022517309 |
| oclc_num | 717175994 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | 407 s. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Wydawn. Uniw. Wrocławskiego |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Monografie Centrum Studiów Niemieckich i Europejskich Im. Willy Brandta Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis |
| spelling | Moroska, Aleksandra Verfasser aut Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce) Aleksandra Moroska Wrocław Wydawn. Uniw. Wrocławskiego 2010 407 s. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie Centrum Studiów Niemieckich i Europejskich Im. Willy Brandta 28 Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis 3230 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Rechtspopulismus (DE-588)7580659-9 gnd rswk-swf Euroskeptizismus (DE-588)4509864-5 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 gnd rswk-swf Niederlande (DE-588)4042203-3 g Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Rechtspopulismus (DE-588)7580659-9 s Euroskeptizismus (DE-588)4509864-5 s DE-604 Centrum Studiów Niemieckich i Europejskich Im. Willy Brandta <Wrocław> Monografie Centrum Studiów Niemieckich i Europejskich Im. Willy Brandta 28 (DE-604)BV019270278 28 Uniwersytet Wrocławski Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis 3230 (DE-604)BV004668106 3230 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022517309&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen 2 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022517309&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Moroska, Aleksandra Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce) Rechtspopulismus (DE-588)7580659-9 gnd Euroskeptizismus (DE-588)4509864-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7580659-9 (DE-588)4509864-5 (DE-588)4046496-9 (DE-588)4042203-3 |
| title | Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce) |
| title_auth | Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce) |
| title_exact_search | Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce) |
| title_full | Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce) Aleksandra Moroska |
| title_fullStr | Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce) Aleksandra Moroska |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce) Aleksandra Moroska |
| title_short | Prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm |
| title_sort | prawicowy populizm a eurosceptycyzm na przykladzie listy pima fortuyna w holandii i ligi polskich rodzin w polsce |
| title_sub | (na przykładzie Listy Pima Fortuyna w Holandii i Ligi Polskich Rodzin w Polsce) |
| topic | Rechtspopulismus (DE-588)7580659-9 gnd Euroskeptizismus (DE-588)4509864-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Rechtspopulismus Euroskeptizismus Polen Niederlande |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022517309&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022517309&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019270278 (DE-604)BV004668106 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT moroskaaleksandra prawicowypopulizmaeurosceptycyzmnaprzykładzielistypimafortuynawholandiiiligipolskichrodzinwpolsce |