With friends like these ...: the Soviet bloc's clandestine war against Romania 1
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Bucharest
Ed. Militară
(2010)
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 733 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9789733208365 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145638999326720 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
Preface
хШ
Acknowledgments
xiv
Foreword by General loan
Talpeş
xiv
I INTRODUCTION
1
1.
Stretching the Definition of Friend 2
Of False Independence and Strategic Insignificance
4
The Entangling Strategy
6
Covert Relationships and Missing Archives
10
Negotiating Revolution, Ensuring Continuities
12
Issues Preceding Communism, Succeeded Communism
14
Chapter
Endnotes 18
II IMPERIAL AMBITIONS, COMMUNIST CONFLICTS
2.
Patterns of Russo-Romanian Alliance
29
Independence as Fait Accompli: The War of
32
4
The Tsar s Thin Line Between Ally and Enemy,
34
Lenin s War
Against Romania and the
ľ Bessarabian
Campaign
35
Hungarian-Soviet Cooperation in the
ľ Transylvanian
Campaign
42
: Russo-Hungariän-Bulgarian
Encirclement,
44
Chapter
Eńdnotes
50
3.
The Romanian Threat and the
KOMINTERN
Between the Wars
56
The Threat in Soviet Strategy
56
Partisan-Terror Units and Disinformation in the 2nd Bessarabian Campaign ¡g
Soviet Front Bessarabian Societies
62
Hungarian Strategy Towards the Threat: Clandestine and Overt Revisionism
^4
Imperial Legacies in the
KOMINTERN
and Soviet Security Organs 6P
National
Coalitions and
KOMINTERN
Policy
75
Chapter
Endnotes 7P
III STALIN S LEVERAGING OF TRANSYLVANIA
4.
The 2nd Transylvanian Campaign
1938-1940 89
The Red-White Coalition in the 2nd Transylvanian Campaign
89
Parallel De-Nationalizations: Repressing Romanian Identity in Bessarabia
93
The Ethnic Cleansing of Romanians in Northern Transylvania
96
Italian-German Inquiries into Anti-Romanian Atrocities
99
Chapter
Endnotes ■
Ю4
5.
The 3rd Transylvanian Campaign
1944-1946 110
The Red-White Coalition in the 3rd Transylvanian Campaign
110
:
Soviet Control and the Disposition of Transylvania
114
Open Assaults, Covert Maneuvers
116
Internationalizing the Problem
120
•
The Transylvanian Hungarian Identity Crisis
122
Keeping Territory in Play: Soviet Tactical Goals
125
Chapter
Endnotes 130
6.
Enforcing Subordination, Entrenching Leverage
1946-1955 138
The Hungarian Clandestine Campaign
138
Intra-Party Power Struggle and the Anti-Tito Campaign
140
The Gheorghiu
Dej
-
Bodnăraş
Coup
144
Stalin
s
Insurance Policy: The Hungarian Autonomous Region
146
Wrangling with
Rákosi
and
Nagy
Over Transylvania
151
Chapter
Endnotes 154
IV SLIPPING MOSCOW S LEASH UNDER KHRUSHCHEV
7.
Dismantling the Mechanisms of Soviet Control
1953-1959 162
The Romanian Armed Forces
162
Intelligence and Security
165
Initiating Soviet Withdrawal
167
The Danger and Opportunity of
1956 ]
JQ
Ousting Soviet Troops and Advisors
¡ j¡
Setting the Pattern of Hostile Soviet-Romanian Interaction
j
75
Chapter
Endnotes ,
jj
8 .
Shutting Down Soviet Intelligence Networks
1956-1963 183
Rolling Up Espionage Networks, Shutting Down Institutionalized Penetration
183
The Historian s War
186
Ousting Security A dvisors 1
88
US Intelligence Perceptions under Eisenhower and Kennedy
190
Trojan Horse I: Soviet Efforts to Discredit Romania
193
Identifying and Neutralizing Soviet Intelligence Agents
196
Chapter
Endnotes 202
9.
Soviet Pressure and Romanian Response
1962-1964 208
Soviet Countermeasures
208
Raising the Ownership of Transylvania
212
Cuban Missile Crisis and Gheorghe
Dej s
Message to Kennedy
215
The Bucharest Spring, April
1964 216
Inciting Ethnic Tensions and Asserting Territorial Claims
220
Chapter
Endnotes 223
V FROM BUCHAREST SPRING TO PRAGUE SPRING
10.
The Nature of the Romanian Threat During the
1960s 231
The Threat of Romanian Independence
231
Mediating in Vietnam for President Johnson
234
Bringing China in From the Cold
237
Sino-American Rapprochement during the Johnson Administration
240
Soviet Efforts to Sabotage Romanian Mediation
243
Chapter
Endnotes 246
11.
Undermining Soviet Domination within the Bloc
1965-1967 254
Political Uses of Transylvania and Bessarabia under Brezhnev
255
Fighting for Sovereignty Over Ethnic Hungarians in Transylvania
258
Proposing Radical Warsaw Pact Reform and Seeking Allies
260
Supporting German Unification
262
Mediating for Peace in the Middle East
264
Chapter
Endnotes 267
vii
12.
Genesis
of Coordinated Anti-Romanian Active Measures 272
■
Excluding Romania from the Active Measures Apparatus
272
;
Withdrawing from
Anti-
Vatican and Emigre Operations
2 74
;
Exclusion from the Narcotics Trafficking and Terrorism Network
276
Hungarian Active Measures Capabilities
278
::,
The Destructive Power of Disinformation
280
Moldavia and the 3nd Bessarabian Campaign
283
Targeting Romania with China in INTERKIT
285
Trojan Horse II: Golitsyn and the Myth of Independence
287
Chapter
Endnotes 291
13.
Spinning Intra-Pact Relations from February to August
300
Intra-Bloc Coalition Building and the Moscow Loyalists I
301
:
і
Ostracizing Romania
-
Targeting Radio Free Europe
302
Creating the Legend of
Kádár
as Mediator
306
The Yugoslav Conundrum
314
{
Enduring Disinformation: Recasting Heroes and Villains
315
Chapter
Endnotes 319
VB1968: TOURISTS, FRIENDS
&
DISAPPOINTMENTS
14.
Preparing for Warsaw Pact Invasion, June-August
1968 329
The Polish Windfall and Hostile Pact Intention
330
Defensive Preparations
332
■Romania s Decision to Fight
335
,
Preparing for Clandestine Assault
337
Facing Up To Military Realities
342
Chapter
Endnotes 346
15.
Allies Sought, Allies Found:
21-30
August
352
Denouncing the Invasion
352
.China Rallies
354
The Paradox of Romanian- Yugoslav Relations
355
The
Ceauşescu-Bodnăraş-Tito
Meeting
359
Competing for the Heroic Mantle
362
US Presidential Intervention: Warning Off Moscow
364
■:<f. Warsaw Pact Intent versus Romanian Resolution
367
Chapter
Endnotes 372
16
Soviet Deception and Western Assessments
378
Creating Avenues of Access: Corridors
&
Exercises
378
Manipulating Western Perceptions of Romanian Resistance
379
Projecting Stereotypes
384
The British and NATO Step In
386
Active Measures, Intelligence Pathologies, and Controversial Reports
338
, ■ ■
Dueling US and British Assessments, November
1968 392
Chapter
Endnotes 395
17.
Legitimizing Intervention, Discouraging Support
401
Confounding Czechoslovakia with Romania 401
Exercises as Cover for Intervention
403
The Phantom Exercise and London s Warning
404
Ά
Vs
Vili
Reconciliation
as Cover for
Exercises
408
Invasion? What Invasion?
410
Chapter
Endnotes 414
VII
TARGETING ROMANIA AFTER THE INVASION
18.
Projecting Romanian-Soviet Reconciliation
1968-1970 419
Entangling Romania
419
The Phantom Retreat
:
Stasi
and Western Assessments of Romanian Tenacity
420
Rejecting the Warsaw Pact Statute
426
Moscow Fails to Intimidate
429
Preaching Cooperation, Planning Invasion
430
Chapter
Endnotes 434
19.The Battle Over History, Territory and Ethnicity
1968-1971 439
Fomenting Ethnic Unrest, Reviving Territorial Claims
439
Threatening Territory, Alleging Obligation
443
A ttacking Romania for Dropping the Ideological Approach to History
444
Questioning Bucharest s Right to Romanian Moldova
446
Using Historiography to Influence Foreign Relations
448
Chapter
Endnotes 451
20.
Discrediting Mediation, Sabotaging Partnerships
456
Compromising Mediation Efforts during the Nixon Administration
456
The Romanian Threat to Soviet-American Relations and Detente
457
Exploiting CIA Bias, Blocking Economic Links
461
Undermining Romanian-German Cooperation
464
Savaging Franco-Romanian Ties
466
The
d
Abzac Affair: Assassination Attempts on Romanian Territory
470
Chapter
Endnotes 473
21.
Remobilizing Stalin s Agents
1968-1971 479
Hardball Efforts to Effect Leadership Change
4 79
Recruiting
Ceauşescu
s
Rivals
480
Priority Targets: Espionage and Diplomatic Personnel
482
The DSS Leadership: Romania
s
Achilles Heal
484
Reactivating
GRU
Agents: The
Şerb
Affair
486
DIE and the
Doicaru-Stănescu
Conspiracy
487
Chapter
Endnotes 491
VIII
CLANDESTINE WAR ENGAGED
22.
Crossing the Rubicon
1971-1972 497
Equality, Nationalism and the Challenge to Soviet Power
497
Intra-Bloc Coalition-Building and the Moscow Loyalists II
499
The China Visit and its Repercussions: June
1971 501
The
1971
Crimea Meeting: Ceausescu Has Gone Too Far
504
The INTERKIT Template and KGB Collection Priorities in Romania
507
Formalizing the Entangling Policy
511
Weaving the Ideological-Cultural Net
515
Launching the Campaign
517
Chapter
Endnotes 520
їх
23.
Hungary
and the Active Measures Campaign
526
Z,Budapest Takes Point
526
Prestige-Building Operations for the
Kádár
Regime
528
Continuity of Hungary
s
Anti-Romanian Strategy
532
The Wallachian Affair
53 7
,-,
Rotation of Cadres: Intended and Unintended Consequences
539
Chapter
Endnotes 542
24.
Hostile Penetrations and Disinformation
1971-1974 549
;■
Romania s Not-So-Magnificent Five
549
*:
Hijacking Romanian Foreign and Security Policy
552
j
Assaulting Internal Capabilities and External Perceptions
555
Obscuring Romania s Outreach to the EEC
557
Projecting Rapprochement and Inconsequence
558
■
From Inconsequence to Covert Agency
561
w
The Warsaw Pact
—
Romanian Confrontation in the Early
1970s 563
*-
Chapter
Endnotes 567
ÍX
ENEMY WITHIN THE GATES
25.
Clash Over The Middle East
1970-1978 575
:Ą
The Romanian Hand in Moscow s Loss of Egypt
576
1 ;
Soviet-Romanian Competition and the Middle East Peace Process
5 79
¡v
^Discrediting Sadat and
Ceauşescu
583
,
Mediating the Egyptian-Israeli Breakthrough
586
Warsaw Pact Reaction: Mere Nothings and Major Threats
588
,
Belgrade versus Bucharest in the Middle East
594
Chapter
Endnotes 598
26.
Romania
&
The Helsinki Process
1970-1978 607
,
The Soviet Loyalists on Basket HI
60 7
ι
:
Collaboration with Nixon, Ford and Carter in the
CSCE
Process
610
r- Bucharest s Campaign for Mandatory Confidence Building Measures
612
■Anti-Romanian Countermeasures
615
;
ľ
Spinning Romanian Performance in the
CSCE
618
,
Chapter
Endnotes 623
27.
Anti-Soviet Military Cooperation
1973-1978 629
Sino-Romanian Military Relations
629
Military Relations with Small States
633
*· ·
Friend or Foe? Interpreting the Crisis of
1974-1975 634
••Soviet Threat or Romanian Disinformation
? 638
,-.■
Chapter
Endnotes 645
28.
US-Romanian Strategic Partnership
1974-1978 650
Romanian Military and Political Support in Angola
650
The US-Romanian Military Accord
651
.,,
T^e Popular Basis of the Romanian-American Relationship
654
ä
US-Romanian Military Intelligence Cooperation
655
,*й>
Western Economic Assistance and President Carter s Offer
65 7
Romania and the Black Legend
660
Д
Chapter
Endnotes 665
|
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| spellingShingle | Watts, Larry L. 1956- With friends like these ... the Soviet bloc's clandestine war against Romania Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd |
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| title | With friends like these ... the Soviet bloc's clandestine war against Romania |
| title_auth | With friends like these ... the Soviet bloc's clandestine war against Romania |
| title_exact_search | With friends like these ... the Soviet bloc's clandestine war against Romania |
| title_full | With friends like these ... the Soviet bloc's clandestine war against Romania 1 Larry L. Watts |
| title_fullStr | With friends like these ... the Soviet bloc's clandestine war against Romania 1 Larry L. Watts |
| title_full_unstemmed | With friends like these ... the Soviet bloc's clandestine war against Romania 1 Larry L. Watts |
| title_short | With friends like these ... |
| title_sort | with friends like these the soviet bloc s clandestine war against romania |
| title_sub | the Soviet bloc's clandestine war against Romania |
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