Setkání: osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Olomouc [u.a.]
Centrum Dějin Křesťanské Politiky, Katedře Historie Filozofické Fak. Univ. Palackého
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. vyd. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Ediční řada publikací Centra dějin křesťanské politiky
4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 454 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788086760513 |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Olomouc [u.a.] |b Centrum Dějin Křesťanské Politiky, Katedře Historie Filozofické Fak. Univ. Palackého |c 2010 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804145625055363072 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Obsah
Úvodem
.......................................................................................................................................................... 7
K
typologu osobnosti v politice a politické straně
.......................................................................... 9
1.
К
náboženskému profilu Alfonse Šťastného
..................................................................................... 17
Mořic Hruban: od prorakouského aktivismu
к
přitakání
ČSR
...................................................... 37
Václav Perek a česko-německé vyrovnání na Moravě z roku
1905............................................ 46
Judová
aféra
.................................................................................................................................................. 69
Václav Myslivec: mezi křesťanským socialismem,
křesťanskou demokracií a katolickým konzervativizmem
.................................................... 78
К
Masarykově účasti na Švihově aféře z roku
1914......................................................................... 98
T. G. Masaryk a Wahrmundova aféra
....................................................................................................107
К
politickému profilu Josefa Václava Najmana
.................................................................................117
К
politickému profilu senátora Pastyříka
(1869-1954)..................................................................124
2.
Josef Dobrovský o kněžském celibátu
.................................................................................................131
Řešení sociální otázky v díle probošta Antonína
Lenze
................................................................138
Biskup Eduard J.
N.
Brynych: Praha nebo Vídeň?
Vlastenectví nebo loajalita?
..........................................,..................................................................146
Případ Msgre Jana Drozda
.......................................................................................................................156
Arcibiskup Antonín Cyril Stojan
.............................................................................................................167
Dokumenty
к
polemice o významu arcibiskupa Theodora Kohna
z let
1915-1917.....................................................................................................................................179
Arcibiskup pražský František Kordač: mezi ultramontanismem
a reformou římskokatolické církve
.................................................................................................188
Jan Šrámek a jeho vztah
к
ideám politického stranictví
v letech před první světovou válkou
.............................................................................................205
Karel Dostál-Lutinov
...................................................................................................................................213
Katolický modernista František Světlík
(1875-1949)......................................................................222
Senátor agrární strany František Jan Kroiher
.....................................................................................238
V intencích encykliky Rerum novarum: přínos Rudolfa Horského
pro řešení sociální otázky
..................................................................................................................249
Sigismund
Ludvík Bouška
........................................................................................................................262
Josef Hofer
-
Rectus
...................................................................................................................................268
Emil Dlouhý-Pokorný
-
vůdčí postava
českých křesťanských demokratů
.................................................................................................291
Kněz a politik Isidor Zahradník
...............................................................................................................316
К
životnímu dílu arcibiskupa Sawatije
.................................................................................................339
Kněz
-
reformista
Matěj Pavlík-Gorazd
...............................................................................................362
Několik dokumentů
к
životu a dílu
prof.
Aloise Spisara
................................................................377
Josef Zídek v počátcích české církve pravoslavné
(1920-1938).................................................386
Ediční poznámka
.........................................................................................................................................411
Summary
........................................................................................................................................................415
Jmenný rejstřík
.............................................................................................................................................431
O autorovi
......................................................................................................................................................443
Obrazová příloha
.........................................................................................................................................447
SUMMARY
On the typology of personality and its role in politics and political parties
It is widely acknowledged that eminent personalities play an important role in politics
and political parties since they hold a pivotal position in elementary political procedures.
Therefore, many experts (e.g., Weber,
Michels et
al.)
tried to outline a general typology of
such a personality. Czech scholars contributed their share, too, namely J. Mertl, J.
Malíř
and
J.
Harna.
The latter classified politicians into six categories based on their previous profes¬
sion. However, he omitted priests (clergymen) who undoubtedly had played an important role
in Czech public life between
1861
and
1948.
A typology of their personality did not emerge
before
1932:
in that year, A. Fuchs produced his nine-class classification. Two major types of
politician priests seemed to be prominent in the Czech political environment at the turn of the
20th century:
(1)
a conservative priest, and
(2)
a modernist clergyman.
On the religious profile of
Alfons Šťastný
The article deals with the figure of
Alfons Šťastný,
a peasant from
Padařov,
who is regarded
one of the pioneers of atheism in Czech society in modern times. He was a rather educated and
peculiar
autodidact
coming from a Jewish family that had converted to Catholicism. He was
forced to take over the care of the family estate and thus was not allowed to study. Neverthe¬
less, he devoted his entire life to journalism and to political work and became one of the leaders
of Czech
agrarianism.
The author of the article analyses
Šťastný s
attitude towards religious
issues in two respective periods
-
in the 1870 s, in the context of the First Vatican Congress,
in the time when he published several pamphlets, and then in the 1890 s, when he published
the
Selské noviny
(The Peasants Newspaper) weekly. In his writings
Šťastný
criticized both
the Catholic Church and political Catholicism, refusing namely its agrarian organizations. His
criticism would not even hesitate before the fathers of the agrarian party (F. J. Kroiher, I.
Zah¬
radník).
On the other hand, he embodied an atheist who presented himself as a man tolerant on
the issues of religion, while strictly separating the private and public spheres of life.
Mořic Hruban:
From pro-Austrian activism to the consent to the founding
of the Czechoslovak Republic
JUDr.
Mořic
Hruban belongs to the group of the most outstanding figures of Czech and
Moravian political Catholicism. In
1896,
he participated in the founding of the National Ca¬
tholic Party in Moravia and, in the position of its chairman, along with the leader of Moravian
Christian socialists
Jan Šrámek,
he became a leader of the pragmatic, albeit functional, sym¬
biotic system of two Catholic political parties that sharply contrasted with differences within
Catholic political subjects in Bohemia. Hruban belongs among the first representatives of
Catholicism at the Imperial Council in Vienna
( 1901 -1918)
as well as in the Moravian Provin-
415
ciai
Council (1902-1918).
He was a conservatively oriented politician loyal to the
Habsburg
monarchy, a deeply faithful Catholic, a devotee of Cyrilomethodian ideas, who derived his
affiliation to the Austrian nation from the ideas of the historic Bohemian state law. This persua¬
sion of his, however, was not at conflict with his Bohemian and Moravian patriotism, whose
emancipation he tried to assert in all the aspects of national life. At the close of the WWI, he
was reluctant to come to terms with the split-up of the
Habsburg
monarchy and through this
approach he also influenced the attitudes of representatives of Czech political Catholicism.
Eventually, however, he accepted the idea of the founding of an independent republic and be¬
came one of its advocates and worked in its service as Minister, as a member of the National
Assembly and as Senator until the year of
1938.
Václav Perek
and the Czech-German Settlement in Moravia
from the year
1905
The study strives to outline the life work of a prominent representative of the Czech nati¬
onalist politics in Moravia at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, JUDr.
Václav Perek
(born
September 27th
1859
in
Kamenice nad Lipou,
died May 19th
1940
in Prague). It analyses his
share on the foundation and form of the so called Moravian Pact from
1905
of Czech-German
national settlement in Moravia. He became the architect of so called lex
Perek,
an Act mo¬
difying the process of accepting pupils to national schools. Following graduation from Law
Faculty in Prague and work experience in several law offices in
Prachatice,
Prague and
Kyjov,
he founded his own legal office in
Moravský Krumlov
in
1890,
in
Prostějov
in
1900,
and in
Prague in
1920.
He joined the Czech National Movement as a national economy expert for the
rural issues in the
1
880s, broke up with „Old Czechs and until the First World War belonged
to the political elites of the Young Czechs Peoples Party in Moravia under the leadership of
Stránský.
He was a deputy of the provincial Moravian Assembly in the years
1896-1906.
He
was engaged in the Czech-German reconciliation in the years
1898-1905
that resulted in the
adoption of the Moravian Pact and the so called
Perek
s
School Act. His ambitious political
discharge was terminated by the
1906
Moravian Assembly election, where he lost his seat
due to his aggressive behaviour against progressists, national socialists, social democrats and
political Catholicism. He found new space for political engagement in local politics and he ac¬
tively worked there until
1918.
Following the establishment of Czechoslovakia, he performed
as an expert for minority issues. He was brought by the extreme Czech nationalism close to
Czech Right and fascist movement in the
1920s.
Juda
s Affair
The article tells a story of the so-called Juda s affair that occurred in
Prostějov
in
1906
and
represented a crucial episode in the so-called Czech cultural struggle . It focuses on a polemi¬
cal conflict of progressively oriented professor of the local realschule
Karel Juda
with young
belligerent priest
Karel Dostál-Lutinov.
The conflict was kindled by Juda s attack against
Catholicism, religion and faith in God.
Juda
published his criticism in an exhibition catalogue
416
of painter
Frantisele
Kupka.
The priest considered it a public profanation of Catholicism since
he was convinced that a teacher is obliged to the state to educate the youth in the spirit of the
official state religious politics and ideology, i.e. Catholicism. The conflict of the two men soon
spread into local newspapers and outgrew into polemics on a nation-wide scale: the problem
was even discussed at the Vienna Parliament. The public split up into two camps
-
in the end,
however, the state authorities agreed with the priest s opinion and ordered Prof. Juda s transfer
to
Příbor.
The article recounts the course of events and presents its main actors, among them
also President T. G.
Masaryk
and
Filip Jan Konečný,
the principal spokesman of the conser¬
vatively oriented Catholics.
Václav Myslivec:
Between Christian socialism, Christian democracy
and Catholic conservatism
The medallion of the foremost Catholic politician
Václav Myslivec
represents a first at¬
tempt at a scholarly exposition of this figure within the historical and political context of
Czech Catholic circles at the turn of the
1
9th and 20th centuries.
Myslivec
began his political
career in the right-wing of the Czech Christian Social Party at the beginning of the 1890 s;
however, he separated from this group very soon, probably under the influence of his protector
E. Dlouhý-Pokorný,
and became a leading figure of the left-wing fraction and a co-founder of
the Christian-democratic movement. The author of the article evokes
Myslivec
radical activi¬
ties in Catholic politics until the WWI, in the time when he was also a member of the Imperial
Council in Vienna between the years of
1907-1911.
After he had come back from the front;
he partly abandoned politics
-
probably due to the traumas he had experienced during the war
-
and started writing for the daily entitled The Czech. At that time, his thinking underwent
a crucial turnaround: he moved towards the right-wing of the Czechoslovak Popular Party.
In the 1920 s, as a deputy of the National Assembly, he ranked among the protagonists of the
fraction led by his former political rival Rudolf
Horský
that strictly opposed the party politics
represented by
Jan Šrámek.
On Masaryk s Participation in
Švihá s
Affair in
1914
The study deals with circumstances of the so-called
Švihá s
affair stirred by the Young
Czech Party in
1914
with the purpose to discredit the National Social Party, its politics and
representatives. The Young Czech Party attacked the party s vice-president and president of its
parliamentary club in the Imperial Council in Vienna, JUDr.
Karel Švihá.
The party declared
him a police informer responsible for giving away secret information on the Czech backstage
politics to the government circles. Information on
Šviha s
activities had been collected from
1911
and it seems very likely that this political attack was aimed at the destruction of the
National Social Party. The author provides an analysis of the course of events and evokes the
entrance of T. G.
Masaryk
into the affair, which revealed that in fact
Švihá
provided informa¬
tion to the successor to the throne
František
Ferdinand on his own request: the successor to the
Habsburg
throne intended to restructure the monarchy and even meet requirements of Czech
417
politics.
And throughout his life (until the year of
1937),
Švihá
kept the motive of his activities
secret because he did not want to break the promise he had given to the successor to the throne.
Even though the leaders of the National Social Party, headed by
Václav Klofáč,
were informed
about the background of
Švihá s
activities, they dissociated from him and thus.contributed to
his exclusion from political life.
T. G.
Masaryk
and Wahrmund s Affair
The article focuses on the analysis of the so-called Wahrmund s affair of
1908
that split
up Austria into two camps. The affair was stirred up by a lecture delivered by Professor of the
Innsbruck Faculty of Law,
Ludwig
Wahrmund (1860-1932),
entitled The Catholic World View
and Science.
Wahrmund
criticized the papal policy in the period of the first Vatican Council
and, as a supporter of Catholic Modernism; he refused the Pascendi
dominici
gregis encyc¬
lical. His lecture irritated the Catholic public and was followed by an intervention of Pope
Pius X and by negotiations of the Austrian House of Deputies and the Government since it
suggested that
Wahrmund was
a free-thinker and atheist. The discredited professor was even¬
tually transferred to the Faculty of Law at the German University in Prague. The essay quotes
responses in the period press, attitudes of engaged actors, and also pays attention to speeches
of T. G.
Masaryk
who in fact supported
Ludwig Wahrmund.
The study represents a reflection
on one of the episodes of the so-called cultural struggle in the
Habsburg
monarchy.
On the political profile of Josef Vaclav Najman
The middle-class Czechoslovak Trade Mercantile Party represented a minor political sub¬
ject in Czechoslovakia in the inter-war period. However, it was a welcome partner for setting
up government coalitions. There were two figures competing for the leadership within the
party: a representative of the Moravian fraction, Rudolf
Mlčoch,
and a representative of Bohe¬
mian tradesmen, Josef
Václav
Najman. The study analyses Najman s personality and politics
and considers the background of his power rise within the party and in Czech politics from
the position of a grocer to the post of the minister of trade and industry. He was a modest, ne¬
vertheless politically talented man, who asserted himself through his authoritative methods of
management and also thanks to his skills to gain support of influential agrarian politicians and
financial means that subsequently enabled him to fund important party activities. On the other
hand, his direct, undiplomatic and rather gross manners induced numerous affairs and personal
conflicts within his party, which resulted in destabilization of the party s internal situation and
weakened the position of tradesmen in the political system.
On the political profile of Senator
Pastyřík
(1869-1954)
The group of outstanding figures connected to the tradesman movement also included
Senator Josef
Pastyřík,
who was for many years a foremost representative of the so-called
418
non-political, and at the same time political, professional movement in the Czech Lands: for
fifty years he was active in the Czech-Slavic Industry Organization, for forty years he was its
vice-president, between the years of
1912-1935
he was a chairman of the Provincial Trade
Council in Moravia, he in the period of he First Republic represented his estates in the Nati¬
onal Trade Councils both in Vienna and in Prague, in the Provincial Council in Moravia and,
as a deputy and senator, in the Parliament of the Czechoslovak Republic, and ranked among
the few leading officials of the middle-class Czechoslovak Trade Industry Party. The present
essay focuses on the story of Pastyrik s life and work and explores the reasons of his depar¬
ture from the Trade Party prior to the parliamentary election of
1935.
His departure could be
possibly explained by Pastynk s lack of loyalty towards the party s chairman Najman who,
especially in the 1930 s, in a rather radical way got rid of troublesome rivals who did not
approve of his methods of the management of the party and who had reservations about his
conduct.
Josef Dobrovský
on the celibate of priests
A fierce discussion on celibacy of Catholic priests took place on pages of the Czech Catho¬
lic Modern s periodicals between
1900
and
1908.
To support their standpoints, either affirma¬
tive or declining, the contributors often quoted experts and authorities, both Czech and foreign
(e.g.,
Schell, Müller,
Kepller,
Scheicher,
Vogrinec, Bolzano, Jungamnn,
Havlíček-Borovský,
etc.). In
1908, F. Loskot, an
editor of
Nezmar,
cited a pamphlet titled
De sacerdotum
in Bo¬
hemia
celibatu
narratio historica
(A Historical Relation on Sacerdotal Celibacy in Bohemia)
written by J.
Dobrovský
in
1787.
In this work,
Dobrovský
reflected the history of celibacy
in Bohemia and Moravia, criticized this institution and suggested that priests who wished to
leave the holy orders for strong reasons should be allowed to do so an even to get married.
However,
F. Loskot
misinterpreted
Dobrovský
s
views claiming that the famous thinker had
pleaded for abolition of celibacy.
Solution of the social issue in the work of Provost
Antonín
Lenz
The
Vyšehrad
canon and provost
Antonín
Lenz
belonged to the group of conservatively
oriented members of the Czech Catholic hierarchy who, after the papal Rerum novarum en¬
cyclical had been published, were reluctant to accept the Roman-Catholic Church s attitude
towards the solution of the social issue. In addition to that,
Lenz
ranked among the foremost
Catholic theologians-apologists (he became famous thanks to his polemics with
Alfons Šťast¬
ný),
wrote numerous historical treatises on the Czech reformation and served as a deputy at
the Czech Provincial Assembly and at the Assembly of Lords in Vienna. The main objective of
the author s focus is to analyze Lenz s principal work on the solution of the social issue from
1893,
entitled „Socialism in the History of Mankind, Its Character, and the Catholic Church as
the Only Agent Capable to Solve the Social Issue. The author arrives at the conclusion that
the book provides a good summary of the Church s official standpoint with respect to the es¬
sence and character of the industrial society. However,
Lenz
did not follow Leo XIII s appeal
419
as for the solution of the social issue and instead
ofthat
defended the approach of charity as
a form of remedy against property inequality and exploitation of workers.
Bishop
Eduard
J. N. Brynych:
Prague or Vienna? Patriotism or loyalty?
The article deals with one of the most significant figures among Czech bishops of the Ro¬
man-Catholic Church in the Czech Lands at the turn of the 19th and ZO 1 centuries,
Eduard Jan
Nepomucký
Brynych. He spent his youth and the first period of his pastoral mission in the
Hra¬
dec Králové
region, then as a theologian at priests training institution, and after that he was
summoned to Prague to assume the post of
a Vyšehrad
canon. At that time he was engaged in
numerous organizational activities, including publication of apologetic treatises and participa¬
tion in Catholic associations, and initiated the founding of new Associations of Catholic Jour¬
neymen. In
1892,
he returned to
Hradec Králové
as a bishop. From then on his name is closely
connected with an immense general rise of the diocese. He professed a confrontational style
in the spirit of the famous motto: „Against a word we have a word, against a book or page we
must place a book or page, against an association we place another association, against money
our money, and against hatred and fanaticism we must place love and peaceful determination.
This creed of his earned him attacks of liberally oriented political forces and journalists who
tried to intervene with the emperor and suspend the bishop. The article recounts one of the epi¬
sodes of Brynych s straggles in which he proved to be a Czech patriot who did not get easily
intimidated and who consecrated all his efforts to the rise of the Church and the emancipation
of the Czech nation.
The case of
Monsignor Jan Drozd
In the second half of the 19th century
Monsignor Jan Drozd
belonged
-
thanks to his public
and publishing activities
-
among the best-known and highly respected members of Catholic
clergy in Bohemia. As a collaborator of
Mikuláš
Karlach
he participated in the founding of the
oldest Catholic press tribune, The Czech daily and also worked as its first editor. In Prague he
also became well-known as a popular grammar school professor and an author of textbooks
and manuals on the history of the Church. In
1878,
he was appointed director of the St. Wen-
ceslas Credit Union in Prague, a monetary institute that .associated with Catholic circles in the
eyes of the broad public. The Union management benefited from this pro-Catholic image and
attracted especially Catholic customers from Bohemia, and Moravia,
iťis
therefore understan¬
dable that the news of the economic bankrupt of the Credit Union in
1902
came as a bolt from
the blue. The investigation revealed that the Union s leading managers the stole money from
the bank s deposits, falsified its documents and bribed auditors. Manager
Jan Drozd
was well
aware of all these machinations and
-
perhaps thanks to his unjustified generosity
-
simply
covered them. The article focuses on the reconstruction of this affair and shows its jmpact
upon the entire Czech Catholic community. Drozd s disrepute could not even be repaired by
his imprisonment. The author recounts the story of a gifted man who did pot bear his social
advancement.
420
Archbishop
Antonín
Cyril
Stojan
The article leads us through the life of the „darling of Moravia , „Cyrilomethodian priest
Antonín
Cyril
Stojan.
The author discusses Stojan s studies, his activities in successive places
of work, and summarizes all the principal spheres of his activities (that were rather similar eve¬
rywhere). In the first part of the article the author outlines Stojan s spiritual portrait, introduces
him as a priest putting an exceptional emphasis on the meaning of a prayer and meditation.
He founded his ministration on the crucial role of the process of spiritual purging, to which he
devoted many hours in his role of a confessor, and on the importance of exercises.
Stojan
also
accentuated the necessity of continuous education of both children and adults. His ministerial
program quite naturally encompassed the church singing, church ceremonies and places of
worship. The second part of the essay describes Stojan s broad organizational activities aimed
primarily at promoting the cult of
Velehrad
and
Hostýn,
at constructing churches and chapels,
as well as at his political work in the function of a member of the Provincial Assembly in Mo¬
ravia, the Imperial Court in Vienna and, finally, the National Assembly of the Czechoslovak
Republic. Between the years of
1921-1923,
Stojan s remarkable life journey was crowned by
his appointment the
Olomouc
Archbishop.
Documents on the polemics about the significance of Archbishop
Theodor
Kohn, dating to the years of
1915-1917
The tragic fate of
Olomouc
Archbishop
Theodor Kohn,
who was
-
because of his faults
and mistakes
-
in fact recalled from his post by Pope in
1906,
attracted attention even of his
contemporaries. When in
1915
he died in
Ehrenhausen in
Switzerland, obituaries in press and
numerous articles reflected on the exceptional social advancement of this man coming from
the Czech national milieu, whose career was unexpectedly terminated by complaints arising
primarily out of the ecclesiastical, but also secular, circles. Kohn s personality was then also
evaluated by the leader of the Czech Catholic modernity
Karel Dostál-Lutinov,
who referred
to the Archbishop s fall as a great victory of Czech Catholic modernists. His articles provoked
a critical response from Kohn s admirers associated with the
Kroměříž
weekly
Pozorovatel
(Observer). The dignitary was defended namely by ThDr.
Augustin Štancl,
who regarded
Kohn the most significant person on St. Method s throne so far, and editor P.
Ladislav Janča.
The article reconstructs the polemics that ended up in
Dostáľs
moral defeat, and illustrates the
polemic by means of documents of the utmost importance that are published here for the first
time.
Prague Archbishop
František Kordač:
Between ultra-montanism
and the reform of the Catholic Church
The article outlines the life work of the Catholic priest, philosopher, outstanding preacher,
university professor, ThDr. and
РЮг.
František Kordač,
Prague Archbishop and Primate of
the Catholic Church in Czechoslovakia between the years of
1919-1931.
Being strongly influ-
421
enced
by the Jesuits, he belonged to the conservative fraction of the Czech Catholic hierarchy
and therefore was regarded an opponent of reforms
-
many authors describe his policy in
1919
the reason of the Czech schism. The article is not an apology of his activity but rather an
attempt at explaining
Kordač s
thinking and mentality. It also mentions his political activities
in the Christian-Social Party and as a member of the National Assembly of the Czechoslovak
Republic in the period preceding the WWI.
Kordač
is also portrayed as a pedagogue and
organizer of various associations and social life. The author considers him one of the most
significant figures among Prague bishops of the
20*
century.
Jan Šrámek
and his attitudes toward ideas of political Partisanship
before the WWI
To understand the personality of J.
Šrámek
-
a priest and politician
-
we must not forget
that he belonged to those clergymen of the ,1890s generation who identified themselves with
ideas of Catholic Modernism, interpreting it as a way to Catholic revival through active par¬
ticipation in all fields of public life. Czech Modernists drew their inspiration from views of
their European counterparts and, in particular, from Rerum Novarum, an encyclical issued by
the Pope Leo
XIII.
That was why J.
Šrámek,
beside his pastoral duties, was active in public
and political life, too, becoming a founder of the Christian-Social movement in Moravia and,
later, a leading statesman. He started his political career in the Catholic-National Party (a fact
rarely mentioned), apparently unwilling to break the unity of the Czech Catholics political
movement and keen to establish one and only Catholic party much like the
Zentrum in
Germa¬
ny. Denouncing a division of the movement into rivalling parties, he also envisaged
-
at least
initially
-
the Christian-Social movement as non-political and based upon a loose union of
associations. It was not until
1889
that the then situation in Bohemia as well as incentives from
abroad (hekept in touch with European Catholic movements and drew inspiration from them)
made him change his views. Even then he remained a keen believer in unanimity: both parties
of Moravian Catholics
-
the Christian-Social Party of Moravia and the Catholic-National Party
-
formed a unique political body, a so-called ,dual party
.
Despite all arguments and squabbles,
J.
Šrámek
was perceived as a unifying personality as early as before the WWI. Apparently,
this was the reason why he was going to become a leader of the united Czechoslovak People s
Party upon the emergence of the Czechoslovak Republic.
Karel Dostá
I-Luti
nov
This project is the first attempt at a more detailed analysis of the work of
Karel Dostál-Lu-
tinov
(1871-1923),
the leading personality of Czech Roman Catholic Modernism at the turn
of the 20th century, within the wider context of ecclesiasticalliterary and political events of
the Czech background. In the first half of the 1890s
Dostál
started, in cooperation with his con¬
temporary
S. L. Bouška,
to strive for a revival and edification of Czech Catholic literature and
founded and edited the magazine
Nový život
(New
Ufe,
1896-1907),
around whitch a great
number of remarkable cultural personalities grouped (J.
Š.
Baar,
F.
Bílek,
J.
Zeyer,
Z. Braune-
422
rová, J.
Kohler, F. Jenewein,
O. Březina
and others). Soon he extended, under the influence of
his friends (J.
Šrámek,
A. Lang, J.
Svozil
and others), his interest in social and political issues
and after the Second Congress of supporters of
Nový život
(1899
in
Velehrad)
the movement
was gradually transformed. It defined its church reforming and social claims and got very
closed to the endeavours and ideas of important European Catholic modernists: A. Loisy, G.
Tyrrell, R. Murri, H.
Schell,
A. Ehrhard and others.
Dostál
initiated foundation of some other
magazines
(Rozvoj, Rozkvět, Mane, Bílý prapor)
and through
E.
Dlouhý-Pokorný,
a Prague
catechist, and J. Šrámek
he joined the
modemist
movement to a christian-social and christian-
-democratic direction.
Trus
extension of the movement s base together with the constitution of
left-wing modernists
(„rozvojisté )
finally led to radicalization of the church-reforming move¬
ment and persecution by the highest circles of Catholic Church ruerarchy.
Dostál
immensely
contributed to a removal of the archbishop of
Olomouc,
ThDr. T. Kohn
(1904).
The mode-
mists considered that as a great success of their endeavours. In
1906
at the eongress in
Přerov
(Dostál
at that time was a priest in the town of
Prostějov,
earlier
-
sinee
1896 -
he worked in
Nový Jičín)
he outlined the programme of Czeeh Catholie Modernism, which was impossi-
ble to realize beeause of the Paseendi eneyclic
(1907).
The prohibition against the modernist
movement redueed
Dostáľs
aetivities but it did not prevent him from trying to realize some of
the
modemist
ideas in his pastoral work. In
Prostějov
he took part in politieal and organizing
work to bund an opposition eatholie eentre against Moravian People s Party and its followers:
O. Přikryl, V. Perka,
J. Špaček
and others. In
1906
Dostál
provoked so ealled Juda s seandal
that eaused a nationwide diseussion on the limits of teaeher
s
freedom ot speeeh
(T. G.
Ma¬
saryk
s
contibution to this problem was also important). The seandal launched a sequenee of
conflicts with local authorities and certain groups of inhabitants, which eulminated in a request
to remove
Dostál
from
Prostějov
(1911).
During the years of World War
I Dostál
discredited
himself with his verse
s
and proclamations supporting the war and
Habsburg
Monarchy. That
influenced his position in the first Czechoslovak Republic after
1918.
In spite of it he was one
of the leading organizers of the Catholic priests movement, which eulminated in
1920
sehism
and foundation ot a national church.
Dostál
stayed a member of Roman Catholic Church and
struggled for an introduetion of Czeeh language in to the Catholie Mass. He contributed to
the unification of Catholic political movement and origination of the Czechoslovak People s
Party.
Dostál
was also amember of the party
s
land committee in Moravia and a ehairman of
its district and loeal organization. All his life he devoted himself to poetry, journalistic and
editorial work. He beeame a prototype of a modem priest, who subordinated all his activities to
the idea of Church modernization and restoration of the attractivity of Catholicism within the
new social context in the beginning of the 20th century. Yet, many positive features of his life
efforts were spoiledby the mistakes and faults, that mostly had the origin in
Dostáľs
distinctive
nature. The interpretation of his work and personality was deformed in the past. This study
is an attempt at
a trne
depiction of the prominent figure of
Karel Dostál-Lutinov
and uses the
archive sources and documents from
Dostáľs
inheritance that are at present again accessible
for the public.
423
Catholic modernist
František Svetlík
(1875-1949)
Personality of priest, who had significantly influenced history of the Czech political Cat¬
holicism in the turn of 19th and 20th century, is an object of interest.
Svetlík
gruduated from
theology and he was deeply influenced by ideas of the Catholic modornism
Und
Christian soci¬
alism.
Svetlík
fulfilled fundamentals of Lion
Xlii,
encyclical Rerum novarum in any important
place of his sacerdocy in Moravia, like in
Vsetín, Kroměnž
and
Olomouc.
He belonged among
the leading personalities of the Catholic modernism in Moravia and Bohemia, and he contri¬
buted to its transformation from literary-artistic grouping into a theological reformatory and
social movement.
Světlík
became famous as redactor of a modernist review
Bílý prapor
(The
White Flag). We find him among the founders of the Christian Social Party in Moravia in
1899,
the party, which he was building systematically until the out break of the World War One. In
1905,
Světlík
was appointed as an editor in chief of Olomouc s Journal
Našinec
(Fellow Coun¬
tryman).
Našinec
represented the voice of both Moravian catholic parties. He capitalised these
experiences as the first redactor in chief of the Czechoslovak People s Party newspaper
Lidové
Listy
(People s Journal) in Prague after the foundation of Czechoslovakia.
Světlík
highly con¬
tributed to integration of catholic political parties in Czechoslovakia and wrote the Czechoslo¬
vak People s Party charter and later its program. He was active in the foreign council of the
House of Deputies since his election to the National Assembly in
1924.
He built the basis of
the party s foreign policy, which supported
Beneš
s orientation.
Světlík
promoted democratic
policy and endorsed president
Beneš
s
strategy in the late
1930s.
Světlík
was persecuted and
imprisoned during the World War Two as high official of
Olomouc Archiepiscopate.
He was
respected functionary of regional party structures since the war. Serious illness and general
physical fail can probably explain Svetlik s support to regenerated National Front and his illu¬
sions about the post-war role of the USSR in early
1948.
Despite of this fact,
Světlík
belongs
among the most important personalities in the history of the Czechoslovak People s Party, he
had established fundamentals of its program, journalism, and foreign policy.
Agrarian Party Senator
František
Jan Kroiher
F. J. Kroiher was born into a large family of a South Bohemian peasant. After graduation
frora the gram mar school in
České Budějovice
(passed the final exams in
1889),
he proceeded
to study in the theologica training institute in
České Budějovice.
He finished his studies with
Ordination and became a priest
(1894).
As a chaplain, he first worked in
Blatná,
and after two
years he was transferred to Borovany, where he remainei for
18
years until
1914.
He spent the
remaining years of his priestly Service in
Ledenice
as a parish pries and adeacon (from
1916).
In
1937,
he became a titular canonofthecathedralchapter in
České Budějovice
As a priest, he
set an example to follow by getting involved in the Community life
-
he worked for the
loca
committee, was a chairman of the local school committee and a mayor of a prosperous thrift.
Kroiher involvement in the professional Organization of priests reached beyond local scale.
In the years
1902-1907
and
1918-1921
he held posts of secretary and chairman of the Union
of Czech Catholic Clergy. In
1919,
he lead a priests delegation to Rome to Pope Benedict XV.
which attempted to lobby for its own program
о
Roman-Catholic Church reforms. Since the
424
mid 1890s, he blenged among the foremost Organizers of Catholi Modems, where he belonged
to the radical wing of reformists. Nevertheless, he gained most popolarity
fron
his political
work in the Agrarian Party. Even before the World War I he had belonged to the leading elite
о
the Party, and after the Republic had been established, he first became a representative in the
Revolutionär
National Assembly and in the years
1920-193 8
he worked as a Senator.
F. J.
Kro-
iher belonged to the
mos
influential Organizers of the agrarian cooperative movement, espe¬
cially the financial cooperatives (thrifts Since
1903,
he had been involved in management of
Central Union of Agricultural Cooperatives (deput chairman) for four decades. In the interwar
period, he worked in the managing boards of
Centrokooperativ;
Agricultural Savings Bank,
Agrarian Bank,
Novina
etc. He distingushed himself not only as an organize, a quick-witted
Speaker and debater, but also as
a populär
Journalist writing on politics and history of th Thir¬
ty Year War. He frequently contributed to the following periodicals:
Venkov
(Countryside),
Zemědělské listy, Družstevní listy
(Agricultural Cooperative News),
Naše Kampelička
(Our
Thrift),
Pošumaví,
and especiall
Pošumavský kraj (Šumava
Regional newspaper). A selection
of his editorials, commentaries and sketche was published under the title „Articles and Thou¬
ghts of
František
Kroiher
Články a úvahy Františka
Kroihera) in two volumes in
1931
and
1936.
The samples ofhis distinctive humor can be found in the boo named „Sorrel Bits of Jan
Kroiher
(Šťovíček
Jana
Kroihera) (Prague
1938).
Along with J. Hnidek, J.
Vacek
F.
Blahovec
and
I. Zahradník.
F. J.
Kroiher belongs to the most influential representatives of Czech politi-
acal Catholicism within the Agrarian Party.
Within the intentions of the Rerum novarum encyclical: Rudolf
Horský s
contribution to the solution of the social issue
The objective of the article is to outline opinions, attitudes and activities of Rudolf
Horský
with respect to the solution of the social issue.
Horský
belonged to the generation of Roman-
-Catholic priests who looked with favor on the Rerum novarum encyclical issued by Pope
Leo
XIII.
In the same vein he developed his publishing and organizational activities at the
turn of the 19 h and
20*
centuries.
Horský s
opinions and ideas about the way of solving the
social issues of the industrial society are deeply rooted in the social teachings of the Church.
He expressed them mainly in the program of the Christian-Social Party in Bohemia founded
at a convention held in
Litomyšl
in
1894.
His writings published in press in the 1890 s aimed
at the criticism of liberalism that he considered the
fondamental
reason of deformations of
society. For him the exploitation of working classes was a consequence of man s breakaway
from God and the Roman-Catholic Church. He believed that liberalism had produced socia¬
list teaching and had given rise to the social-democratic party embodying the concept of the
forcible solution of the social issue. For him, however, the only way out and the only efficient
alternative was the return to the Christian society, to the faith in God, to the true humanization
of man founded in the principles of the Decalogue. In his function of a politician he always
strove to apply the principles of the Church social teachings in life, in the sphere of building of
organizational structures, a political party that would be able
-
in the democratic system
-
to
assist in implementing and ensuring the coordination of activities of the three basic structu¬
res necessary for the solution of the social issue on the principles of solidarity: the state, the
425
Church and co-operation. Regardless of the fact that
Horský
belongs to controversial figures
of the Czech political Catholicism, his place, his efforts and his contribution to the solving of
the social issue are highly visible.
Sigismund
Ludvík Bouška
The article focuses on the evaluation and recollection of principal events in the life and
work of one of the most significant figures of the Czech Catholic Modernity, the poet and tran¬
slator Sigismund
Ludvík Bouška.
It was precisely he who, as a young priest and writer (at that
time in close touch with
Jaroslav Vrchlický),
introduced the idea of elevating the Czech Ca¬
tholic literature on the European artistic level and, along with
Karel Dostál-Lutinov,
initiated
the founding of a literary group associated with the
Nový život
(New Life) magazine. Unlike
his colleagues he was not particularly interested in the idea of the reformation of the Catholic
Church, which, however, did not shield him from the disfavor of his superiors in his order, the
Benedictine monastery. His incessant transfers from one place to another were aimed at distur¬
bing his concentration on literary work and were accompanied by hidden national and discipli¬
nary meanings. The gifted author later on experienced numerous disappointments, struggled
with skepticism and eventually retired. His life recapitulation was a subject matter of his letter
of February
21, 1911,
addressed to writer
Jindřich Šimon
Baar,
which is also reprinted in the
article in a slightly abridged version.
Josef Hofer
-
Rectus
The article represents the first attempt at writing a critical biography of one of prominent
and, to a certain extent also typical, figures of the Czech Church history at the turn of the 19th
and
20*
centuries. Hofer s efforts were connected, on the one hand, with the Roman-Catho¬
lic Church, the reformist, modernist movement and, after the founding of the Czechoslovak
Republic, with the movement of Catholic priests, and, on the other hand, following fruitless
efforts to introduce changes into the Church and the split-up with Catholicism, they were also
connected with the national Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church. Hofer s public activities in his
individual ministries are listed here in chronological order
(Olomouc, Zábřeh
η.
O., Slatěni-
се,
Starý Hrozenkov).
One of his main activities was publishing apologetical treatises. The
article analyses so-called Hofer s affair that led to the resignation of the
Olomouc
Archbishop
Theodor
Kohn from his office. It also pays attention to other controversies accompanying
Hofer s activities. Having been excommunicated from the Roman-Catholic Church, Hofer
became a teacher at Novosedly near
Mikulov
and at
Luhačovice.
After his initial hesitation he
decided
tojóin
the Czechoslovak Church whose evolution nevertheless he had been following
with utmost precaution and criticism. At the turn of the
1920s
and 1930 s, he belonged to the
opposition group associated with the
Huss
League. Josef Hofer represents a transitional type
of a priest: the existence of this type of a priest was enabled by the period crisis of Czech Ca¬
tholicism caused by the pressures of the industrial society on clerical structures and religious
conditions.
426
Emil Dlouhý-Pokorný
-
A leading figure of the Czech Christian Democrats
Turbulent
1
890s is the period when initially literary and subsequently ecclesiastic reforma¬
tory movement appeared in the Czech society. The movement is called the Catholic Moder¬
nism. Besides writers (S.
Bouška,
К.
Dostál-Lutinov,
X.
Dvořák,
J. Š.
Baar,
F. Skalík,
etc.),
priests and laics (J.
Šrámek,
F.
Světlík,
E.
Dlouhý-Pokorný),
for whom practical fulfillment
of Pope Leo
XIII,
encyclical Rerum novarum regarding a solution of social question, also be¬
longed to the Movement. The Catholic Modernism, gradually connecting artistic, ecclesiastic
reformatory and social reformatory aims, became an individual stream in
a fra
mework of the
Czech Catholicism as well as in other social movements of the period. Pius X. s encyclical
Pascendi
dominici
gregis of
1907
deeply influenced a development of the Modernism, when
many activities were suppressed down, especially those of ecclesiastic reformatory character.
New state settlement and the change of conditions, which took place in the end of the WW1,
meant an impulse to continue in a heritage of the Catholic Modernism for part of the Catholic
clergy, mostly in the field suppressed by the encyclical in
1907.
Creation of Czechoslovakia
was a milestone in history of the Czech nation. It caused broad consequences also to the ad¬
ministration of churches and religious question in general. Especially the Catholic Church
became a target of external as well as internal attacks. The external attacks were represented
mainly by considerable part of a new Czechoslovak
politi
cal
elite, which claimed divorce
ofthe Church and the state. Non-Catholic churches to ok a part in verbal denunciation of the
Catholic Church. A radical anti-Catholic rhetorics radicalized a population. It caused demoliti¬
on of several artistic monuments, which were symbolizing co-operation ofthe fallen
Habsburg
Empire and the Catholic Church (the Marian Column on the Old Town Square in Prague, e.g.).
The highest representatives ofthe Catholic hierarchy, who were really tied with Austrian poli¬
tics, resigned for their position (Archbishop of Prague Paul Huyn, and Archbishop of
Olomouc
Leo
Skrbenský).
The internal factor was embodied in the clamor for
a reformo
The Union of
the Catholic Clergy, which took up activity of former clerical organization dissolved after the
encyclical Pascendi. Its requests were very radical and they linked up with the program ofthe
Catholic Modernism. Part of them was accepted only by the
2nd
Vatican Council, some ofthem
were not accepted until today. There were claims like: invigoration of self-government in the
strictly hierarchical and centralist Church, bigger participation of laics, change in filling of
parishes, liturgy in vernacular. Probably the most radical request was voluntary celibate. The
program ofthe Union did not faced understanding in Rome, but it was accepted neither by the
Czech Primate
František Kordač.
It led into the formation of a radical group (called
Ohnisko),
which established the national Czechoslovak Church in early
1920.
Its founders appealed ca¬
tholic believers to divorce with the Roman Catholic Church and it really caused withdrawal of
500 000
people. Ecclesiastic schism can be defined as one ofthe most dynamic processes at
the beginning of young republic. Several important personalities of culture and science (Josef
Pekař,
Josef
Susta,
etc.) appealed against ill-judged decision to leave the Church due to anxiety
that ecclesiastic schism ofthe nation can lead into political instability. Gradual moderation of
desire of
politi
cal
representation to divorce the Church with the state brought an appeasement.
A religious map of the state played quite important role here, especially strong religious fee¬
ling of catholic character in Slovakia. Ecclesiastic relations certainly intluenced politics and
society in this period.
427
The ecclesiastic divorce in the Czech Lands, which development is observed in historicalli-
ne „from the catholic modernism to schism , intluenced certainly lives ofrepresentatives of the
Czech Catholic Modernism. We have turned our intention to relatively unknown personality
of
Emil Dlouhý-Pokorný
(1867-1936)
whose portrait ofhis life and work serves here not only
for deeper examination of history of Christian-social movement but also for description ofhis
activities within the Czechoslovak Church. Life of this controversial personality of the Czech
political and church history is rather unusual for an outline of continual development from
modernism to schism, but it illustrates colorfully complexity and dynamics of the period.
Priest and politician PhDr.
Isidor Zahradník
Monastic priest
-
Premonstratensian PhDr.
Isidor Zahradník
belongs among the most in¬
teresting and controversial figures of the Czech clerical history at the rum of the 19th and 20th
centuries. He began his career as a curate in
Jihlava
where he actively practiced preaching
and where he also presented himself as a vigorous organizer of national life. The German city
administration, however, made him leave for Prague where started working at the
Strahov
mo¬
nastic library and very soon became an expert in Czech prints. However, he probably was not
fully satisfied with his career of a scholarly researcher and so he left the
Strahov
Monastery in
order to become an inspector of the Church estate at
Hradišťko.
Prior to the imperial election
of
1907,
he joined the Agrarian Party and appeared as its candidate to the Imperial Council in
Vienna. Until
1918,
he was active as a member of the Council. He participated in the procla¬
mation of the Czechoslovak Republic and was a member of the first government led by
Karel
Kramář,
in which he held the post of the Minister of Railway. At the beginning of the 1920 s,
he worked as a diplomat in the reparation committee in Vienna and, shortly before his death;
he was appointed director of the Mortgage Bank in Prague. After the founding of the republic
he got engaged in the reformist movement of Catholic priests, withdrew from the Roman-
Catholic Church, got married and, in
1920,
became one of the founders of the Czechoslovak
Church. Nevertheless, his disappointment at the developments within the Church made him
leave and join the Orthodox Church.
On the life work of Archbishop Sawatij
Archbishop Sawatij (his proper name was
Antonín Jindřich Vrabec)
is one of the lesser-
-known personalities both in the general public and in the church circles. Still, the historiogra¬
phy has not devoted adequate attention to him for various reasons. The analysis presented in
this monograph represents the first attempt to sum up his work.
After finishing the secondary school in Prague he went in
1900
to Russia where he acquired
education at orthodox schools and became a monastic priest. Before the war he was the head of
the Spiritual Training Centre in Klewan (Volynia), the monastery superior in
Mielec
and since
1920
he served as the episcopal administrator in the Kovel District.
In
1921
he returned to his country and a year later he was elected the bishop of the
Czech Religious Orthodox Community in Prague. Early in
1923
he received the chiroto-
428
ny
in Constantinople and he was ordained as archbishop by the local patriarch Meletios
(Metaxakis) who established an archbishopric for the whole Czechoslovak Republic.
However, a fight for jurisdiction between the Constantinople and the Serbian Orthodox
Church broke out soon, the Serbian Church emerged as a winner with the help of the
state authorities. Sawatij was removed from his office and replaced by bishop Gorazd.
He never came to terms with that and since the end of the year
1925
up to his death he
struggled for his rehabilitation and for the enforcement of the jurisdiction of the Con¬
stantinople Church in the territory of Czechoslovakia. Now his activities focused on
Carpathian
Ruthenia.
He was endorsed here by a group of church communities. In
1939
he got involved in establishing the orthodox church in Hungary. In
1942-1945
he was
imprisoned by Nazis because he had baptized the Prague Jews. After his return from the
Dachau concentration camp in
1945
he tried to arrange contacts with the Czech orthodox
community which, however, distanced itself from him, thus he lived in seclusion for the
rest of his life. He was buried at
Olšany Cemetry.
Priest
-
Reformist
Matěj Pavlík-Gorazd
The moments of crisis apparent in the internal developments of the Roman-Catholic
Church in the Czech Lands at the turn of the
1
9th and 20th centuries escalated shortly af¬
ter the founding of the Czechoslovak Republic, inducing a big shock that resulted in the
founding of the National Czechoslovak Church. Besides the Church internal problems
the situation was further pointed by external circumstances, the disintegration brought
about by the end of the WWI, the break-up of the
Habsburg
monarchy and the overall
transformation of political, social and societal climate. This social and cultural milieu
created preconditions for the rise of the transitory type of a priest-reformist who reacted
to his internal dissatisfaction with the situation in the Roman-Catholic Church by get¬
ting engaged in the clerical reformist and reformatory movement. When this movement
failed in
1920,
Matěj Pavlík
entered the Czechoslovak Church that, however, was then
still searching for its doctrine and orientation and therefore could not meet expectation
of numerous priests longing for a clerical community that would recover the ideals of the
original church. That is why in the spirit of Slavonic solidarity
Matěj Pavlík
turned to the
eastern churches, eventually finding refuge in the Orthodox Church. This process of sear¬
ching faithfully mirrors the life destiny of the Moravian priest
Matěj Pavlík
who went
through all the three churches while in each of them he left a clearly visible and positive
imprint of his efforts. In the Catholic Church he excelled as a publisher and organizer, in
the Czechoslovak Church he was active as a bishop striving to introduce the principle of
apostolic succession as well as a truly Christian spirit, in the Orthodox Church he became
a founding and crucial figure, a true creator of Czech orthodoxy. His stormy fate ended
in the years of the Heydrich period. The Orthodox Church sanctified him and thus paid
tribute to his sincere efforts to find a true journey to God.
429
Several documents on life and work of Professor Alois
Spisar
Alois
Spisar
ranks to the group of Moravian priests who endorsed the Catholic moderni¬
ty at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and who, after the founding of the Czechoslovak
Republic in
1918,
joined the efforts of the reformist movement of Catholic priests and then
the Czechoslovak (Hussite) Church.
Spisar
held a prominent position of a theologian and
university professor within the Church. The article describes his life journey and reprints his
letters addressed to
Bohumil Zahradník-Brodský
from the turning period of the beginning of
the Republic, when the idea of founding a new church was developing. At that time
Spisar
pre¬
sented himself as an advocate of reforms, on the other hand, he refused impetuous tendencies
to withdraw from the Church, which
-
according to him
-
had to be carefully prepared. His
critical views of the figure of the new Prague Archbishop
František Kordač
are also of interest.
The published documents are accessible to the public for the first time.
Josef Zídek
in the early years of the Czech Orthodox Church
(1920-1938)
This study
ist
the first attempt to describe the life story of the clergyman Josef
Zídek.
He
ranks among the generation of the reform-oriented clergymen that had an enormous impact on
the modern Czech church history at the turn oft the 19th to 20th century, being influenced by
the ideas of the Catholic modernism. After finishing his studies at the Catholic Theological Fa¬
culty in
Olomouc
(ordained in
1913),
he started as a chaplain in the Roman Catholic Church.
In
1920
he quit the church and belonged to the founders of the National Czechoslovak Church.
In the period of the so-called orthodoxy crisis, when this church community was looking for
a solid theological anchoring, he was fascinated by the idea of orthodoxy and he became one
of its first and most zealous propagators in Moravia. He played an important role in the history
of the Orthodox Church before
1938
as the main representative of the group striving for the
adoption of the traditional orthodoxy
-
in opposition to Gorazd s effort to create a specific
Czech orthodoxy· Initially, he tended to the Constantinople jurisdiction represented by the
Archbishop Savatij in the jurisdiction disputes, since the mid-1920s he definitely accepted the
Serbian Orthodox Church. By the end of the
1920s,
his controversy and finally the personal
conflict with Gorazd gradually escalated. It ended in a church trial and
Žídek s
return to the
Roman Catholic Church
(1938).
430
|
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| author | Marek, Pavel 1949- |
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| edition | 1. vyd. |
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| era_facet | Geschichte 1890-1920 |
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| geographic | Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Böhmische Länder |
| id | DE-604.BV037339452 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T23:22:25Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788086760513 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-022493188 |
| oclc_num | 729977541 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 454 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Centrum Dějin Křesťanské Politiky, Katedře Historie Filozofické Fak. Univ. Palackého |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ediční řada publikací Centra dějin křesťanské politiky |
| series2 | Ediční řada publikací Centra dějin křesťanské politiky |
| spelling | Marek, Pavel 1949- Verfasser (DE-588)13288920X aut Setkání osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století Pavel Marek 1. vyd. Olomouc [u.a.] Centrum Dějin Křesťanské Politiky, Katedře Historie Filozofické Fak. Univ. Palackého 2010 454 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ediční řada publikací Centra dějin křesťanské politiky 4 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1890-1920 gnd rswk-swf Christliche Politik (DE-588)4070000-8 gnd rswk-swf Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 gnd rswk-swf Böhmische Länder (DE-588)4069573-6 g Christliche Politik (DE-588)4070000-8 s Geschichte 1890-1920 z DE-604 Ediční řada publikací Centra dějin křesťanské politiky 4 (DE-604)BV037339436 4 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022493188&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022493188&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Marek, Pavel 1949- Setkání osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století Ediční řada publikací Centra dějin křesťanské politiky Christliche Politik (DE-588)4070000-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4070000-8 (DE-588)4069573-6 |
| title | Setkání osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století |
| title_auth | Setkání osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století |
| title_exact_search | Setkání osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století |
| title_full | Setkání osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století Pavel Marek |
| title_fullStr | Setkání osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století Pavel Marek |
| title_full_unstemmed | Setkání osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století Pavel Marek |
| title_short | Setkání |
| title_sort | setkani osobnost v politickem a verejnem zivote na prelomu 19 a 20 stoleti |
| title_sub | osobnost v politickém a veřejném životě na přelomu 19. a 20. století |
| topic | Christliche Politik (DE-588)4070000-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Christliche Politik Böhmische Länder |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022493188&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=022493188&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV037339436 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marekpavel setkaniosobnostvpolitickemaverejnemzivotenaprelomu19a20stoleti |