Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite: Dobrostan - Gradište
Светилища на древните траки в Родопите Добростан - Градище
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
V. Tărnovo
Faber
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Paralleltitel: Sanctuaries of the ancient Thracians in the Rhodopes |
| Beschreibung: | 102 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. 20 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789544000356 |
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| 500 | |a Paralleltitel: Sanctuaries of the ancient Thracians in the Rhodopes | ||
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| 880 | 1 | 0 | |6 245-02/(N |a Светилища на древните траки в Родопите |b Добростан - Градище |c Иван Христов |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
ІУвод
..........................................................................................................................7
II.
Светилища на траките край скали и планински върхове
...........9
III.
Светилището на бог Сабазий в местността Белинташ
.............18
IV.
Тракийско скално светилище„Караджов камък в землището
на с
Мостово, Асеновградско
...................................................................47
V.
Светилище в местността Хайдут кая
..................................................59
VI.
Тракийски култов обект в местността Питвото при
с
Врата
..................................................................................................................60
VII.
Античен път през Тополовския проход
.........................................77
VIII.
Светилище в местността Ин кая
.......................................................79
IX.
Кромлех
в местността Турската
куля
...............................................81
X.
Пещерата Топчика
......................................................................................84
XI.
Заключение
...................................................................................................86
Избрана литература
....................................................................................89
Резюме на английски език
...........................................................................91
CONTENTS
[.Introduction
.......................«.................................................................................~l
Il.Thracian sanctuaries near rocks and mountain peaks
.......................9
III. The sanctuary of god Sabazius in the locality of Belintash
------18
IV. AThracian rock sanctuary „Karadzhov
Kamuk
................................47
V. A sanctuary in the locality of Khaydutkaya
........................__............59
VI. A cult site in the locality of Pitvoto near the village of
Vrata
___60
VII.
An ancient road through the pass of Topolovo
.._______.------„. 77
VIII.
A sanctuary in the locality
ofin
Kaya
.................................................79
IX. A cromlech in the locality of Turskata Kulya
......................................81
X.The cave of Topchika
....................................................................................84
XI. Conclusion
......................................................................................................86
Literature
................................................................................................................89
English Summary
...............................................................................................91
Sanctuaries of the anciantThracians in the Rhodopes
Dobrostan
-
Gradishte
Summary
Ivan Hristov
Introduction
In accordance with their geologic-tectonic and morphographic features,
the Rhodopes are divided into West and East Rhodopes. The West Rhodopes
are characteristic with their mountainous view, elevation above the sea lev¬
el, high situated ridges and deeply cut valleys. The geographers define the
border between the area of the West Rhodopes and the East one along the
valley of the Kayaliyska River (an right tributary to Maritsa River), the
Kitka
Col (735m altitude) at the source of the Harmanliyska River, the Borovitsa
Valley, the valley of the river of
Arda
along its upper course, and the valley
of the Chepinska River.
As a whole, the West Rhodopes are also divided into several areas. The
ridges of Dobrostan and Gradishte are two of them that had attracted our
attention during archaeological surveys. They are parts of the so-called
Perelik-Prespa
Subdistrict,
outlined by the rivers of Chepelare, Sushitsa and
Chinardere.
A series of archaeological expeditions of the National Museum of His¬
tory were carried out in the indicated area of the Rhodopes in the period
between
2002
and
2004.
Although the archaeological objects found do not
have the gleam of the gold and silver Thracian vessels and adornments, I
am sure that the description of the antiquities found will stir up the interest
most of all of the mountaineers and of the lovers of the local history. I will
briefly present in the lines that are to follow the history of the ancient Thra¬
cian sanctuaries that are integral with beautiful and attractive peaks of the
Rhodopes.
The sanctuary of god Sabazius in the locality ofBelintash
The rocky plateau of Belintash is located on the ridge of Dobrostan in
the central part of the Rhodopes (28km south-east of Asenovgrad). It is 3km
in the south of the village of
Vrata
and 3km in the southwest of the village of
Sini Vruh.
It is in a central position in regard to a group of rock sanctuaries in
91
the indicated above part of the mountain: Pitvoto, In Kaya, Turskata Kulya,
Karadzhov
Kamuk, Haydushki Kamuk.
The plateau is a large rock elevation with a top area of about 5000sq. m.,
and south-north orientation of its longitudinal axis. Three areas
-
northern,
central and southern
-
had formed on the plateau as a result of the rock
sinking in most ancient times. The ancient Thracians cut in the north most
part of the first area steps and niches of various sizes. Hundreds of round
holes (about
300)
are seen in the northern and central areas of the plateau,
as well as two large „sterns (sacrificial pits?) and cut in the rock beds for
wooden beams.Two dug by treasure-hunters stone tumuli were discovered
500m in the north of the
triangulation
spot of Beiintash. The tumuli mark
the only way to the plateau and had been parts of a necropolis, the major
part of which had been destroyed.
The site had been studied during the
80s
of the 20th century by a team
of archaeo-astronomers that made it popular in the Bulgarian archaeology
thanks to their publications. According to the archaeo-astronomers the pla¬
teau was a large Thracian rock sanctuary
-
an ancient solar observatory
-
to
satisfy the needs of certain agricultural and religious activities of society at
the time. A silver votive plate from Roman times with the representation
of Dionysus-Sabazius was found among the rocks. It is kept now in the col¬
lections of the National Institute of Archaeology with Museum, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences. In my opinion, the silver plate should be dated in an
earlier epoch. A resemblance with a monument that was discovered in
2004
in the already famous tumulus of Svetitsata near the town of Shipka gave
me reason for such a conclusion. I am speaking about the so-called gold
mask that was discovered by Dr. Kitov and has almost identical features with
those of the silver plate found among the rocks of Beiintash. Sabazius was a
Thracian-Phrygian god for the ancient people. His cult penetrated the lands
of ancient Thrace from ancient Phrygia (a district in Asia Minor), the area
of its original spread. However, many Greek historians relate the name of
Sabazius with that of the popular deity of Dionysus. The traditional iconog¬
raphy shows Sabazius as a bearded man that is holding a staff in one hand.
He is often accompanied by a serpent. The Beiintash plate is the earliest rep¬
resentation of Sabazius in the present day Bulgarian lands, and its artistic
specifics make it really unique.
92
| Sanctuaries of the anciant Thracians in the Rhodopes
Treasure-hunter s trenches were seen in
2003
at the foot of the rocky
massif. These provoked its study by the team of the National Museum of
History.
Most of the cuts in the first parts of the plateau (northern and central)
were recorded during that study. Tens of steps that lead to the top area that
is inclined at
18°
were also recorded. The square cuts for wooden beams
are still discernible in an area of 60sq.m on the upper surface of the rocky
plateau. The beams had probably constituted the fundament of a small
building. Fundaments of buildings were recorded in two other sites on the
plateau, as well as round cuts that had embedded wooden beams. The fat¬
ter had probably supported a wooden construction above the large stern-
pits on the massif. The pits in question are two: one in the northern part
(1.65m in diameter and 1.75m deep) and one in the center of the central
part (2,10m in diameter and 2.80m deep). Over
200
round holes of various
sizes had been cut across the entire plateau. Most of them are obviously
man-treated.
It should be noted here that the cuts in the rocks here are highly de¬
formed, like in the other parts of the Rhodopes, due to natural factors and
erosion of the rocks. Probably some of them had been additionally cut after
a long period of time and their original shape may have been altered.
A large treasure-hunter s digging was recorded during the summer of
2003
in the northwestern foot of the north massif. The archaeologists were
luck this time and for a beginning they gathered from the digging large
quantity of ceramics. A pit was reached at a depth of 2m in the cleaning of
the sterile level of the probe-excavation. It was circular in shape and was
1.65m in diameter. The pit was filled with a black, burned soil and ceramic
sherds.
A cut-in the rock graffito (a shallowly incised mark in the rock) was found
in a single rock edge during our going around the rocks 250m in the north
of the main rocky massif of Belintash. It may still be seen when approaching
the sanctuary. It is 45cm long and the separate signs are 10cm high. It goes
about 3-4mm into the rock and was incised in the rock at 2m height from
the ground.
The archaeological survey of Belintash yielded mainly ceramic sherds.
Their colour varies from dark brown to black. The surface of
40%
of them
is crude, while the remaining
60%
are distinct by their smoothed surface,
Summary |
93
especially in the case of sherds from better fired vessels. The clay is mixed
with quartz.The sherds described show decoration that includes both relief
and incised elements. The incised ornament is on the walls and around the
mouth of the vessel. Those on the walls of the vessel include slanting lines
that form triangles and S-like ornaments. The decoration in relief consists of
pinched bands, tongue-shaped handles and pseudo-buckles.
Parts of bowls and jars, pitchers with slanting bodies may be distin¬
guished among the sherds. Fragments of dishes and vessels with multiple
crudely made small openings
-
strainers
(?) -
were also found.
The precise dating of the ceramic material from the first millennium
ВС
was hampered by the lack of metal artifacts in the layer that was not
touched by the treasure-hunters. However, the predominant ceramic mate¬
rial may be dated in the period between the 8th and the 6th centuries
ВС,
on
the basis of parallels that were found in the eastern parts of the Rhodopes,
and especially in the lands along the lower course of the
Struma
River (the
settlement mound of
Kastanas).
This dating is also supported by the sherds
of pithoi richly adorned with small imprinted stamp with concentric circles,
connected by tangent lines.
The results from the archaeological survey of the rocky plateau of Belin-
tash may be summarized as follows:
-
All cuts in the rock
-
grooved pits, steps and niches
-
on the plateau
were recorded;
-The ceramic material from the probe-excavation in the land below the
rocks dated the rituals performed at the northwestern foot of Belintash in a
period of the second phase of the Early Iron Age (Sherds and metal artifacts
belonging to the Late Iron Age were also found on the surface of the probe-
excavation, although in limited quantities);
-There are no materials from the later periods;
-The main ritual had been performed on a small platform at the foot of
the massif and included the burial of ceramic sherds, of burning wood and
other organic materials, and their covering with stones and pieces of rock;
-
A pit dug in the sterile layer was discovered in the excavation, and it
is of special interest. The pit may be defined as „ritual (sacrificial) pit on the
basis of parallels from already studied archaeological monuments inThrace.
Most probably, it had been accepted as some kind of an altar in the open
below the rocks, in contrast to the primitive constructions on the plateau,
94
| Sanctuaries of the anclant Thracians in the Rhodopes
the existence of which we suppose on the basis of the cuts for beams, of
lead and iron construction elements, etc.
Considering Belintash, we noticed three levels of worshipping the rock.
The first one had been marked at the approach towards the plateau, where
a small necropolis had been situated. This is followed by the ritual marking
with a graffito of the first more characteristic rock. The mark is similar to
already known graffiti from Thrace that can be dated in the Late Bronze
-
Early Iron Ages.
The transition from the „lower cult platform to the „upper part of the
rocky plateau had been by ascending from the northeast along steps cut
into the rock. Light constructions (sheds), surrounding some cut into the
rock works
-
pits, system of grooves and man-cut cavities
-
were to follow.
A Thracian rock sanctuary „Karadzhov
Kamuk
in the lands of the vil¬
lage of Mostovo, Asenovgrad Region
The Karadzhov
Kamuk
Peak (1448m altitude) is located in the southeast-
most of the Gradishte Ridge in the Rhodopes (10km in the southeast of
the village of Mostovo). The peak is within the borders of the reservation
of Kormisosh. it is a high rocky plateau that is elongated in the northeast-
southwest direction. It is lowering fast in the northeast after the plateau by
a complex system of massive rocks that spans for about
1
km.
The plateau has a top area of 4550sq.m (130m long and 35m wide) that
is almost flat with a slight inclination to the northeast. It may be condition¬
ally divided into southwestern flat part and northeastern steep part.
There are tens of pits across the entire plateau and some of them were
clearly additionally worked by men. As a whole, there are naturally formed
pits and grooves among the bulging parts of the plateau that are now filled
with soil and some low-stemmed vegetation is growing in them. The only
approach towards the plateau is from southwest through a rock gap called
Boaza (the Pass) by the locals. The gap is 18m high and about
10
cut steps
are discernible in its upper part. These are washed off to a greater extent by
rain waters. There had also been steps in the lower part of the gap but today
we find the traces of just four of them only.
The archaeological survey was carried out in July
2004
with three
planned probe-excavations. All three of them were situated in the lower
parts among the towering rocks. It was found out that vast amounts of ce-
Summary |
95
ramie sherds had been buried below the rocks that show cut into the rock
pits and grooves.
Description of the ceramic material
Probe-excavation no.
3
gave the fullest information about the character
of the site. It gave sherds of most characteristic ornaments.
The ceramic material may be divided in several kinds by the clay treat¬
ment and its composition. The first kind included sherds of well-fired clay
with many admixtures.Their surface is uneven but shows tendency towards
light smoothing.The colour on the surface is different
-
from reddish to dark
brown.
The second kind is characterized by the well-treated surface that can be
defined as burnished. The colour of the clay is predominantly dark brown
to black.
Due to
thee
character of the site, as well as to the thin cultural stratum,
the ceramic material is mainly sherds. The analysis of the basic vessel parts
-
bottoms, walls, rims and handles
-
shows that there are no fragments that
can be restored into one vessel among the sherds from the probe-excava¬
tions no.
3
and its vicinity.
The most abundant shape among the discovered ceramic fragments is
the jar with flat bottom, cups, bowls and kantharos-like vessels.
The ceramic material studied, including those from probe-excavations
nos.
1
and
2,
show that the percentage of the decorated handmade ves¬
sels had been low. The decoration was by incision, pricked and in relief. At
that, the latter predominated. The incised decoration consisted of incised
lines and segments at various angles. However, some linear ornaments like
triangles and rhombs were also observed. Single are the cases with incised
zig-zag ornaments. The most common decoration in the ceramic material
from Karadzhov
Kamuk
was that in relief. It consists of an additionally treat¬
ed with different pointed tools or human fingers band.
In the process of the study of all probe-excavated sites we found on the
surface sherds from vessels that had been worked on a potter s wheel. The
dating of those sherds responds to the numismatic material found.
As a whole, the ceramics from the site dates from the second phase of
the Early Iron Age (8th
-
6th centuries
ВС).
Dating of the archaeological site
96
| Sanctuaries of the anciant Thracians in the Rhodopes
Two basic periods were fixed in the existence of the sanctuary. The first
period covers the indicated above centuries of the Early Iron Age, while the
second period wad dated on the basis of the coins found in the excavations:
from the late 3rd
-
early 4th century AD. These coins and some single ceramic
sherds may mark the late period of the worship of the pagan sanctuary. The
coins are few: Antonianus
-
silver coin of emperor Galienus, a copper coin
from the Late Antiquity
-
4th century
AD (Valens?),
a Byzantine
40
nummia
follis
-
probably of Emperor Justin I
(?).
Thracian ceramics were found not only on the plateau but on the lower
parts of the peak too. For example, ceramic sherds were found in the vicinity
of the only water source in the higher part of the labyrinth of rocks. At that,
the sherds were found in rock niches and cave-like sheds, and had obvi¬
ously been brought there in contrast to those that had been thrown from
the plateau. Some people from the village of Mostovo, situated in the south¬
east of the gap named Boaza, remember that there had been once remains
of stone buildings that had been intentionally cleared with heavy building
machines during the construction of a mountain road.
I should mention here that three caves were partially studied during the
terrain survey in
2003
in the east of Karadzhov
Kamuk.
These were part of
the large rock massif and are located on the south and the east sides of the
massif. They are called Dolnoto Pepelivo, Aimedyovata
Dupka
and Gornoto
Pepelivo, and the three of them yielded Thracian ceramics that we date in
the Early Iron Age.
A sanctuary in the locality of Khaydutkaya
During the terrain survey of the region of Belintash and Karadzhov
Kamuk,
we studied the peak of Khaydutkaya, located in the west of the
Pyakata Hamlet in the lands of the village of Mostovo. The peak is also a
rocky plateau all around with vertical walls. It is accessible by an old pass
from the northeast. Cut in the rock pits and sherds of Thracian ceramics had
been recorded there, which suggest the existence of a cult place4 among
the rocks.
A cult site in the locality ofPitvoto near the village of
Vrata
The locality of Pitvoto is located on the Draganitsa Ridge,2km I the north
of the village of
Vrata.
The highest point of the ridge is the Shildenski
Kamuk
Peak (1308m altitude). The locality of Pitvoto is located on the eastern part
of the ridge and embraces two rocky massifs that stand out from the entire
r
Bayerische
ξ
Ѕшт 1
·
97
t t bi·
Pr th
f
ridge. Two leveled away rock platforms were located in the southern foot
of one and the eastern foot of the other. They both yielded vast amounts of
Thracian ceramic sherds by a probe-excavation on each of the platforms.
Platform no.
Τ
It is situated in the east most part of the ridge of Draganitsa. It faces
south on an altitude of
1
250m. The platform is 25m long and 8m wide. Huge
rock pieces had fallen on it but some of them might have been intention¬
ally placed in the periphery of the platform. The depth of the cultural piling
reached 0.50m in the probe-excavations. The probe digging no.
1
was done
in the west periphery of the platform. It revealed broken ceramic vessels in
a layer of light brown soil.
In contrast to the first probe digging, the no.2 one showed right away
-
in a depth of O.IO-O^Om
-
highly burned earthy mass admixed with sherds
and single small stones. The sherds were scattered regularly across the en¬
tire probe dug area. The observations in the east periphery of the platform
show cleared profiles of treasure-hunter s diggings that allow us to outline
an area of approximately 12x9m, where rituals had been performed that
had included fire and deposition of sherds. In our opinion the latter were
taken from vessels that had been broken outside the described platform.
It is curious to note that smaller platforms and rock gaps that show ce¬
ramic fragments were noted on various levels up to the very peak.
Most generally, the ceramics may be dated in the period between the
8th and the 6th centuries
ВС,
and the predominating vessels were pitchers,
jars and pithoi.
1745
sherds were recovered from the two probe diggings in platform
no.
1.
These were conditionally divided into several types in accordance
with their firing and the composition of the clay. Their dating is also sup¬
ported by the fragment of a bronze string of spiral elements that had been
used in the period between the 8th and the 7th centuries
ВС.
Some ceramic segments, fighting stone balls and several bottoms of Ro¬
man vessels
(г^-З^
centuries AD) were found apart of the Thracian ceram¬
ics within the limits of the platform no.1
.
Platform no.2
It is situated 200m in the west of platform no.1, next to the crest of the
ridge and 50m higher than the first one. Its orientation is to the east, be¬
tween two rocky peaks and is 14m long and 9m wide. The probe digging
98
| Sanctuaries of the anciant Thracians in the Rhodopes
was done in areas that had not been disturbed by treasure-hunters and the
cultural stratum was 0.80m thick.
In contrast to platform no.
1,
both probe diggings here showed brown
earth masses. It is covered in a depth of
О.бО-ОЈОт
by large stones and
rock pieces, ceramic vessels and smaller sherds. The concentration of sherds
is about
5
m
in diameter in the center of the platform. The predominant
sherds here belong to vessels that had been broken in situ. Balls for fight¬
ing and fragments of flint knife were also found. The predominant ceramic
shapes were those of pitchers and kantharos-like.
The dating of the ceramic material is in the Late Bronze Age (14th
-
12th
centuries
ВС).
This suggests that platform no.
2
had been the basic one for
the earliest sanctuary in the ridge of Draganitsa. After a hiatus of
2
or
3
cen¬
turies the center of this cult place was moved to platform no.
1.
An ancient road through the pass of Topolovo
The road starts from the present day village of Topolovo. In the south of
the village the road leads to the mountain and reaches theThracian sanctu¬
ary of In Kaya. It starts again from there in the south towards the river of
Arda
and the Aegean. In the region considered the road is marked by two strong¬
holds, theThracian cult sites at In Kaya andTurskata Kulya (a cromlech?).The
stone pavement of the road has preserved in many areas in the road seg¬
ment between the village of Topolovo and the pass of the same name, and
in some places its width reaches 3-4m. Some under-road masonry in steep
and crumbling areas of the road has also preserved, and that had been a
characteristic means for theThracian mountainous road construction.
The road is part of a long water shed ridge that connects the Rhodopes
peaks of Kuzkaya, Turskata Kulya, Grachogidik, Akvatepe, Yalvarnik,
Kriva
Chuka and Momchil. It is accepted that this track is the described one for
Alexander the Great.
In my opinion, it is more probable that this was a road deviation from the
main route of the king of
Macedón,
taken by him in his campaign against
A sanctuary in the locality of In Kaya
The site was recorded during an archaeological survey in the locality of
the Sinyata
Skala (In
Kaya
-
the Blue Rock^km in the east of the village
of
Vrata
(on the road to the village of
Tri Mogili).
It is about 6m high rocky
massif that dominates in the region of the so-called pass of Topolovo. Four
Summary |
99
round rock
pits (0.30m in diameter) are seen on its top. They probably
served to hold a wooden construction that had enclosed a natural opening
in the rock. Sherds of Thracian ceramics were found in different levels in the
indicated locality. The site had not been excavated but everything suggests
its cult character.
A cromlech in the locality of
Tur skata
Kuly
a
The site is located along the track of the water shed ridge that starts
from the pass of Topolovo. A round stone construction
-1
5m in diameter
-
had been built at the southwestern foot of the peak of the same name. The
construction is made of massive rectangular in shape stone blocks. They
are inserted in the ground around a short rock. The western side of the
stone circle is best preserved, where an arc of more than
10
blocks is re¬
corded. The height of the stones above the ground reaches 0.80m. Sherds
were found in the center of the construction and they date from the first
millennium
ВС.
Although recorded in archaeological surveys in the area and never stud¬
ied properly, this site has its analogues among the cult monuments in the
nearby area of the East Rhodopes.The closest in shape and situation is the
site near the village of
Dolni
Glavanak,
Haškovo
Region. The monument near
the village of Glavanak is 10m in diameter and is bordered with inserted in
the ground stones of dimensions close to the described above.
The monuments in the locality of Turskata Kulya shows all features of
the megalith building and may be defined as a cromlech like the popular in
West Europe monuments
ofthat
type. Most probably, this is the west most
situated cromlech in the Rhodopes, and like the rock niches, are not known
in the West Rhodopes.
It is most generally dated in the first half of the first millennium
ВС.
The cave of Topchika
The cave is located 7km in the south of the village of Dobrostan. The
entrance is
1
km from the west bank of the river of Sushitsa, in a rocky slope
facing south. It was discovered in
1967
and was eventually studied by probe
digging in
1969.
1 will mention here the most important hat had been pub¬
lished by
Atañas Peykov.
The excavations had included 170sq.m. Materials had been found that
dated according to the scholar from two epochs: the Early Iron Age and the
Late Iron Age, with clear time gaps.
100
| Sanctuaries of the anciant Thracians in the Rhodopes
The predominant material had been ceramic fragments that had their
exact parallels in the later discovered sanctuaries in this part of the moun¬
tain.
Peykov paid attention in his publication to the many recorded rock
drawings on the rocks around the cave. The predominant pictures had been
related to the first dwellers of the cave. They represent animals and differ¬
ent geometric figures. There were, however, pictures from later epochs too.
Peykov mentioned even the discovered mediaeval inscriptions with Cyrillic
letters.
I would like to mention here that there are
7
more caves in this area,
close to the mountain hostel of Martsiganitsa. They are indeed interesting
natural sites and surely hide more secrets of the ancient history of the Rho-
dopes.
Conclusion
The briefly presented results from the survey in the areas of Dobrostan
and Gradishte aimed to popularize archaeological materials that were dis¬
covered in the excavations of Thracian sanctuaries in the mountain. On the
other hand they allow us basically analyze the cult activities practiced in the
region during the first half of the first millennium
ВС
in the indicated area
oftheRhodopes.
The basic ritual performed within the limits of the sanctuaries included
the burial of sherds from vessels broken in advance, burned wood and other
organic materials, under stones and rock pieces. It is recorded that the stud¬
ied sites had been used mainly in the period between the 8th and the 6th
centuries
ВС.
An exception is platform no.
2
in the locality of Pitvoto which is
dated in the late Bronze Age. The presence of Roman materials on platform
no.
1
in the same locality, as well as of coins from Late Roman times on Kara-
dzhov
Kamuk,
show clearly that the sanctuaries in the mountain had been
worshipped in Christian times too.
We see in the sanctuaries several levels of the worship of the rock. The
first level is the so-called „lower cult platform at the foot of the rock, fol¬
lowed by „ascending along cut in the rock steps
-
Karadzhov
Kamuk,
In
Kaya, Khaydutkaya
-
to smaller man-made cuts in the rock and to bigger
natural rock pits that had been filled with offerings.
All sites described fall into delimited microregion the cult center of
which had probably been the Belintash sanctuary.
Summary |
101
In order to fill the picture in this part of the mountain we should add
to the the recorded Thracian settlement in the locality of Chotrova
Mahala,
several single tumuli near the village of
Tri Mogili
and the cave of Topchika,
situated in the valley of the river of Sushitsa, which is thought as being used
for cult purposes.
On the other hand, the sanctuaries in this part of the mountain are in a
region in-between two ethnic territories. One territory embraces the East
Rhodopes, and the other
-
the higher parts of the mountain, which is con¬
nected in the ancient sources with the ethnonym of the Satri/Besoi. It could
be accepted that the water shed ridge that starts at the pass of Topolovo
in the south, is the limit of the spread of the rock niches and specific for
the Rhodopes megalithic monuments, the cromlech in the locality of Tur-
skata Kulya being an exception. The latter stresses once more the need of
a detailed study of the „unfavorable for terrain work higher parts of the
mountain, as well as of the popularization of everything seen during the
archaeological expeditions.
Ш
| Sanctuaries of the anciant Thracians In the Rhodopes
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Christov, Ivan 1970- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)133090280 |
| author_facet | Christov, Ivan 1970- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Christov, Ivan 1970- |
| author_variant | i c ic |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037272361 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)501190515 (DE-599)BVBBV037272361 |
| era | Geschichte 800 v. Chr.-500 v. Chr. gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 800 v. Chr.-500 v. Chr. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Nordrhodopen (DE-588)4450404-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Nordrhodopen |
| id | DE-604.BV037272361 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:54:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789544000356 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021185313 |
| oclc_num | 501190515 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 102 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. 20 cm |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Faber |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | 880-01 Christov, Ivan 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)133090280 aut 880-02 Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite Dobrostan - Gradište Ivan Christov 880-03 V. Tărnovo Faber 2009 102 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. 20 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Paralleltitel: Sanctuaries of the ancient Thracians in the Rhodopes Geschichte 800 v. Chr.-500 v. Chr. gnd rswk-swf Heiligtum (DE-588)4072395-1 gnd rswk-swf Kultstätte (DE-588)4033541-0 gnd rswk-swf Thraker (DE-588)4119600-4 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Nordrhodopen (DE-588)4450404-4 gnd rswk-swf Nordrhodopen (DE-588)4450404-4 g Heiligtum (DE-588)4072395-1 s Kultstätte (DE-588)4033541-0 s Thraker (DE-588)4119600-4 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Geschichte 800 v. Chr.-500 v. Chr. z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185313&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185313&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract 100-01/(N Христов, Иван ut 245-02/(N Светилища на древните траки в Родопите Добростан - Градище Иван Христов 264-03/(N Търново Фабер |
| spellingShingle | Christov, Ivan 1970- Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite Dobrostan - Gradište Heiligtum (DE-588)4072395-1 gnd Kultstätte (DE-588)4033541-0 gnd Thraker (DE-588)4119600-4 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4072395-1 (DE-588)4033541-0 (DE-588)4119600-4 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4450404-4 |
| title | Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite Dobrostan - Gradište |
| title_auth | Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite Dobrostan - Gradište |
| title_exact_search | Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite Dobrostan - Gradište |
| title_full | Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite Dobrostan - Gradište Ivan Christov |
| title_fullStr | Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite Dobrostan - Gradište Ivan Christov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite Dobrostan - Gradište Ivan Christov |
| title_short | Svetilišta na drevnite traki v Rodopite |
| title_sort | svetilista na drevnite traki v rodopite dobrostan gradiste |
| title_sub | Dobrostan - Gradište |
| topic | Heiligtum (DE-588)4072395-1 gnd Kultstätte (DE-588)4033541-0 gnd Thraker (DE-588)4119600-4 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Heiligtum Kultstätte Thraker Funde Nordrhodopen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185313&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021185313&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT christovivan svetilistanadrevnitetrakivrodopitedobrostangradiste |