Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 641 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780750686327 0750686324 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Speight, James G. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes |c James G. Speight |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143863490674688 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes
Autor: Speight, James G
Jahr: 2011
Mfll
Preface
1. Chemistry and Chemical Technology 1
1. Introduction 2
2. Organic chemistry 3
2.1. The chemical bond 3
2.2. Bonding in carbon-based Systems 4
3. Chemical engineering 7
3.1. Conservation of mass 8
3.2. Conservation of energy 9
3.3. Conservation of momentum 9
4. Chemical technology 9
4.1. Historical aspects 10
4.2. Technology and human culture 11
5. Hydrocarbons 13
5.1. Bonding in hydrocarbons 15
5.2. Nomenclature of hydrocarbons 16
5.3. Isomers 24
6. Non-hydrocarbons 25
6.1. Alcohols 26
6.2. Ethers 27
6.3. Aldehydes 27
6.4. Ketones 28
6.5. Organic acids 28
6.6. Esters 28
6.7. Amines 29
6.8. Alkyl halides 30
6.9. Amides 30
7. Properties of hydrocarbons 31
7.1. Density 33
7.2. Heat of combustion (energy content) 34
7.3. Volatility, flammability, and explosive properties 35
7.4. Behavior 37
7.5. Liquefied natural gas 38
7.6. Environmental properties 39
References 41
vi Contents
2. Sources of Hydrocarbons 43
43
posits 46
46
58
63
65
68
70
75
77
83
3. Hydrocarbons from Petroleum 85
92
92
93
99
100
101
102
105
106
107
109
109
110
110
111
113
114
115
121
9. Wax 122
9.1. Composition 122
9.2. Manufacture 123
9.3. Properties and uses 124
References 125
1. Introduction
2. Natural products - Reservoirs an
2.1. Petroleum
2.2. Natural gas
2.3. Natural gas hydrates
2.4. Tar sand bitumen
2.5. Coal
2.6. Oil shale
2.7. Wax
2.8. Biomass
References
Hydrocarbons from Petroleum
1. Introduction
2. Gaseous products
3. Naphtha
3.1. Composition
3.2. Manufacture
3.3. Properties and uses
4. Gasoline
4.1. Composition
4.2. Manufacture
4.3. Properties and uses
4.4. Octane numbers
5. Kerosene and related fuels
5.1. Composition
5.2. Manufacture
5.3. Properties and uses
6. Diesel fuel
7. Gas oil and fuel oil
8. Lubricating oil
8.1. Composition
8.2. Manufacture
8.3. Properties and uses
Contents
4. Production of Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas 127
1. Introduction
2. Gas Processi ng
2.1. Water removal
2.2. Fractionation
2.3. Acid gas removal
3. Natural gas hydrates
3.1. Deposits
3.2. Composition
3.3. Properties
3.4. Development
3.5. Environmental issues
4. Hydrocarbon products
4.1. Methane
4.2. Ethane and higher homologs
4.3. Natural gas liquids
4.4. Gas condensate
4.5. Synthesis gas
References
127
129
130
134
138
144
145
147
148
149
151
152
152
155
156
156
159
162
5. Hydrocarbons from Coal 163
1. Introduction 164
2. Occurrence and reserves 165
3. Formation and types 166
3.1. Coal formation 166
3.2. Coal types 167
4. Mining and preparation 169
4.1. Surface mining 170
4.2. Underground mining 170
4.3. Mine safety and environmental effects 172
4.4. Coal preparation 173
5. Properties 174
6. Hydrocarbons from coal 175
6.1. Gaseous hydrocarbons 178
6.2. Gasifiers 182
6.3. Gaseous products 184
6.4. Gasification processes 188
6.5. Underground gasification 191
viii Contents
7. Liquid hydrocarbons 191
7.1. Physicochemical aspects 194
7.2. Liquefaction processes 195
8. Solid hydrocarbons 199
References 200
6. Hydrocarbons from Oil Shale 203
203
205
211
212
215
217
218
221
223
232
236
238
7. Hydrocarbons from Biomass 241
241
246
247
253
256
264
266
267
268
269
272
275
References 278
8. Hydrocarbons from Synthesis Gas 281
1. Introduction 281
2. Coal gasification 285
2.1. Chemistry 285
1. 2. Introduction History
3. Origin
4. Kerogen
5. Occurrence
6. Hydrocarbon fuels
6.1. Mining and retorting
6.2. In situ technologies
7. Refining shale oil
8. Environmental aspects
9. The future
References
1. 2. Introc Wooc iuction i
2.1. History
2.2. Wood chemistry
2.3. Hydrocarbons from wood
3. Plant?
3.1. Isoprenoid hydrocarbons
3.2. Waxes
3.3. Essential oils
3.4. Terpenes
3.5. Steroids
4. Biomass conversion
2.2. Processes
2.3. Gasifiers
3. Gasification of petroleum fractions
3.1. Feedstocks
3.2. Chemistry
3.3. Commercial processes
4. Gasification of other feedstocks
5. Fischer-Tropsch process
5.1. Chemistry
5.2. Catalysts
5.3. Reactors
5.4. Process parameters
5.5. Refining Fischer-Tropsch products
References
Contents ix
287
289
291
291
293
296
304
306
307
310
312
318
320
323
9. Chemical and Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons 325
1. Introduction 325
2. Stereochemistry 326
3. Molecular weight 329
4. Chemical properties 330
5. Physical properties 335
5.1. Boiiing points and melting points 335
5.2. Density and specific gravity 343
5.3. Vapor density 347
5.4. Flash point and ignition temperature 348
5.5. Dew point 350
References 352
10. Combustion of Hydrocarbons 355
1. Introduction 355
2. Combustion chemistry 358
3. Slow combustion 362
4. Rapid combustion 364
5. Complete and incomplete combustion 366
6. Spontaneous combustion 367
7. Process parameters 369
7.1. Air-fuel ratio 373
7.2. Equivalence ratio 374
x Contents
8. Combustion of hydrocarbon fuels 375
8.1. Combustion of gaseous hydrocarbon fuels 376
8.2. Combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels 379
8.3. Combustion of non-hydrocarbon fuels 380
8.4. Formation of particulate matter 389
8.5. Char and coke 391
8.6. Soot 391
References 393
11. Thermal Decomposition of Hydrocarbons 395
1. Introduction 395
2. Thermal decomposition 396
2.1. Hydrocarbons 397
2.2. Steam Cracking 402
2.3. Thermal reforming 404
3. Catalytic decomposition 406
3.1. Fluid catalytic Cracking 410
3.2. Hydrocracking 411
3.3. Catalytic reforming 414
4. Dehydrogenation 418
5. Dehydrocyclization 422
References 427
12. Petrochemicals 429
1. Introduction 429
2. Chemicals from paraffins 442
2.1. Halogenation 442
2.2. Nitration 443
2.3. Oxidation 444
2.4. Alkylation 446
2.5. Thermolysis 446
3. Chemicals from olefins 447
3.1. Hydroxylation 448
3.2. Halogenation 451
3.3. Polymerization 451
3.4. Oxidation 452
3.5. Miscellaneous 453
4. Chemicals from aromatic hydrocarbons 453
5. Chemicals from acetylene 455
6. Chemicals from natural gas 460
Contents xi
7. Chemicals from synthesis gas 463
References 465
13. Pharmaceuticals 467
1. Introduction 467
2. History 468
3. Hydrocarbon pharmaceuticals 471
3.1. Mineral oil 471
3.2. Paraffin oil 472
3.3. Steroids 474
3.4. Carotenoids and Vitamins 483
4. Misuse and toxicity of hydrocarbons 487
4.1. Lower-molecular-weight hydrocarbons 488
4.2. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons 492
References 496
14. Monomers, Polymers, and Plastics 499
499
501
507
511
511
514
517
522
522
523
523
525
526
527
529
530
534
535
536
15. Environmental Effects of Hydrocarbons 539
1. Introduction 539
2. Release into the environment 542
Monomers, Polymers, and Plastics
1. Introduction
2. Polymerization
3. Polymers
3.1. Chain length
3.2. Structure
3.3. Copolymers
3.4. Repeat unit placement
3.5. Chemical properties
3.6. Polymer degradation
3.7. Phase Separation
3.8. Glass transition temperature
3.9. Molecular weight
4. Plastics
4.1. Classification
4.2. Chemical structure
4.3. Properties
4.4. Thermoplastics
4.5. Hydrocarbon fibers
References
Contents
2.1. Dispersion
2.2. Dissolution
2.3. Emulsification
2.4. Evaporation
2.5. Leaching
2.6. Sedimentation or adsorption
2.7. Spreading
2.8. Wind
3. Analysis of hydrocarbons in the environment
3.1. Environmental samples
3.2. Bioiogical samples
3.3. Semi- and non-volatile hydrocarbons
3.4. Assessment of the methods
4. Toxicity hazards
4.1. Lower boiling hydrocarbons
4.2. Higher boiling hydrocarbons
5. Remediation of hydrocarbon spills
References
543
543
544
544
545
545
545
545
546
549
557
557
560
565
566
570
572
575
577
631
|
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| isbn | 9780750686327 0750686324 |
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| spelling | Speight, James G. Verfasser aut Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes James G. Speight 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2011 XIII, 641 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hydrocarbons / Synthesis Kohlenwasserstoffgewinnung (DE-588)4365537-3 gnd rswk-swf Kohlenwasserstoffgewinnung (DE-588)4365537-3 s DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021162581&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Speight, James G. Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes Hydrocarbons / Synthesis Kohlenwasserstoffgewinnung (DE-588)4365537-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4365537-3 |
| title | Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes |
| title_auth | Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes |
| title_exact_search | Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes |
| title_full | Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes James G. Speight |
| title_fullStr | Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes James G. Speight |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes James G. Speight |
| title_short | Handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes |
| title_sort | handbook of industrial hydrocarbon processes |
| topic | Hydrocarbons / Synthesis Kohlenwasserstoffgewinnung (DE-588)4365537-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Hydrocarbons / Synthesis Kohlenwasserstoffgewinnung |
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