Geomorphology: the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | Reprinted with corr. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 600 - 634 |
| Beschreibung: | XV, 637 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 28 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780521519786 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 9780521519786 |9 978-0-521-51978-6 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)711832749 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)OBVAC08411807 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Anderson, Robert Stewart |d 1952- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)141656778 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Geomorphology |b the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes |c Robert S. Anderson and Suzanne P. Anderson |
| 250 | |a Reprinted with corr. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 637 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |c 28 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021159830 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1827639046039404544 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
Preface page
xi
Acknowledgements
xv
1
Introduction to the study of
surface processes
2
The global context
4
Overview of geomorphology
5
Guiding principles
6
Conservation
6
Transport rules
7
Event size and frequency
7
Establishing timing: rates of processes
and ages of landscapes
8
What drives geomorphic processes?
8
The surface temperature of the Earth
9
The climate context
9
Summary
13
Problems
14
Further reading
14
2
Whole Earth morphology
16
Why an oblate spheroid?
18
Topographic statistics: Earth's hypsometry
21
Summary
24
Problems
24
Further reading
25
3
Large-scale topography
26
Ocean basins: the marriage of conduction
and isostasy
28
Plate tectonics overview
36
The motion of plates
Plate speeds
Large-scale mountain ranges:
orogens
Effects of thickening the crust
Effects of erosion on the isostatic balance
Mantle response times: geomorphology as
a probe of mantle rheology
Ice sheet and ocean loading and the response
of the Earth surface to it
Mantle flow and its influence on topography
Dynamic topography
36
37
38
39
41
43
44
49
49
Topographic oozing of the Tibetan Plateau margin
50
Gooshing of mantle across the continental edge
52
Summary
55
Problems
57
Further reading
59
4
Tectonic geomorphology
60
Deformation associated with individual faults
62
Fault scaling and fault interaction
65
Coulomb stress changes
67
Determination of offsets from modern earthquakes
69
Paleoseismology
71
Strike-slip faults
71
Normal faults
72
Megathrust faults
75
Long-term deformation: cumulative displacement
deduced from offsets of
geomorphic
markers
78
Marine platforms
79
River profiles
83
The special case of corals
84
Contents
víl
Flexure
86
Generation of mountain ranges by repeated
earthquakes
91
Summary
93
Problems
94
Further reading
95
5
Atmospheric processes and
geomorphology
96
The Sun
98
Climate and weather processes
99
Why is Earth the "water planet"?
100
The spatial pattern of radiation
104
Vertical structure of the atmosphere
107
Wind and atmospheric circulation
108
Hadley cells
108
Monsoons
110
Sea breezes
112
Katabatic winds
112
Orographie
effects
113
Summary
117
Problems
118
Further reading
119
6
Dating methods, and establishing
timing in the landscape
120
Relative dating methods
122
Absolute dating methods
122
Paleomagnetic dating
123
Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL)
123
Amino
acid racemization
124
Oxygen isotopes and the marine isotope stages
126
Radiometrie
dating methods
128
Cosmogenic radionuclides
131
Shallow geothermometry: establishing
long-term rates of exhumation
146
Fission tracks
147
Arj
Ar thermochronometry 148
(U-Th)
I He method
151
Summary
157
Problems
157
Further reading
159
7
Weathering
160
Weathering as part of erosion
162
The weathered profile
162
The Critical Zone
164
Denudation
165
Mass loss
165
Processes that fracture rock
166
Thermal stress and strain
168
Frost cracking
173
Other fracturing processes
176
The deeper history of fractures
177
Fractures and rock strength
181
Chemical alteration of rock
183
Chemical equilibrium
183
Solubility and saturation
185
Rivers, continental crust, and common
chemical weathering reactions
186
Chemical kinetics
191
Long-term carbon cycle
200
Effects of chemical alteration of rock
202
Assessing mass losses (or gains) in regolith
202
Chemical alteration of rock strength
205
The conversion of bedrock to mobile regolith
207
Mobile-regolith production functions
207
Summary
208
Problems
210
Further reading
211
8
Glaciers and glacial geology
212
Glaciology: what are glaciers and how
do they work?
214
Types of glaciers: a bestiary of ice
215
Mass balance
216
Ice deformation
219
The rheology
221
Ice wrinkles
1:
Glen'
s
flow law
223
Ice wrinkles
2:
sliding!
regelation
225
Basal motion by till deformation
232
Applications of glaciology
232
Glacier simulations
232
Paleo-climate estimates from glacial valleys
233
Ice sheet profiles
234
Surging glaciers and the stability of ice sheets
236
Tidewater glaciers
237
The great ice sheets: Antarctica and Greenland
241
Glacial geology: erosional forms and processes
245
Erosional processes
245
Abrasion
246
Quarrying
248
Large-scale erosional forms
251
The U-shaped valley
251
Cirques, steps, and overdeepenings:
the long valley profile
252
Fjords
255
Depositional forms
257
Moraines
257
Eskers
260
Erosion rates
263
Summary
265
Contents
щ
Problems
267
Soil moisture and its distribution with depth
353
Further reading
268
Infiltration
355
Groundwater
358
9
Periglacial processes and forms
270
The Dupuit case
360
Definition and distribution of permafrost
272
Groundwater rules of thumb
363
Thermal structure
272
Runoff mechanisms
363
Base of the permafrost
273
Infiltration capacity
365
Active layer depth
275
Roles of vegetation
365
Latent heat
277
Evapotranspiration
365
Departures from the steady-state geotherm
278
Water storage in the soil
366
Geomorphology of periglacial regions
280
Overland flow generation
366
Segregation ice and frost heave
280
Overland flow of water and its geomorphic
Upfreezing of stones
283
consequences
367
Patterned ground
285
The problem of drainage density
370
he wedge polygons
286
Sapping and amphitheater-headed canyons
373
Solifiuction lobes
290
Summary of channel head issues
374
Pingos
290
Hydrology of a headwater catchment:
Thaw lakes
293
the Coos Bay experiment
374
The present rapidly changing Arctic
296
Summary
376
Thermokarst
296
Problems
377
Coastal erosion
298
Further reading
378
Permafrost and carbon
299
Summary
300
12
Rivers
380
Problems
301
Theory and measurement of turbulent flows
Further reading
303
in open channels
382
The vertically averaged mean velocity
388
10
Hillslopes
304
Other equations for the mean velocity
389
Convexity of hilltops
307
Measurement of channel velocity and discharge
39
1
Mass balance
308
Summary of theory and measurement
Diffusive processes
309
of channel flow
394
Hillslope processes
313
Hydraulic geometry
395
Rainsplash
313
Floods and floodplain sedimentation
396
Creep
320
The floodplain
399
Solifiuction. frost creep and gelifluction
320
Channel plan views
399
Biogenic process examples
325
The braided case
400
Pacing hillslopes
328
The meandering case
40
1
Landslides
330
Channel profiles
405
The force balance at failure
331
Character of the bed
407
A primer on the behavior of saturated
River slopes
408
granular materials
334
The influence of
básele
vel
409
What
oversteepens
the slopes?
336
The Amazon
411
The aftermath
337
Summary
414
Debris flows
340
Appendix: The Navier-Stokes equation
Hillslope models
344
and the origin of the Reynolds and Froude
Summary
345
numbers
414
Problems
346
The left-hand side
415
Further reading
347
The right-hand side
415
Non-dimensionalization of the Navier-Stokes
11
Water in the landscape
348
equation
418
Drainage basins
350
Problems
419
Water balance
352
Further reading
42
1
Contents
viii
13
Bedrock channels
422
Measurement techniques
424
Straths
425
Lava flows
425
Caves
425
Cosmogenic radionuclides on the channel
floor
426
Short-term monitoring
426
Erosion processes
428
The stream power approach
428
Abrasion
429
Quarrying
43
1
Hydraulic wedging
433
Dissolution
433
Knickpoint
migration
434
Summary of processes
435
Stream profiles in bedrock channels
435
The channel width problem
445
Empirical constraints
446
Theory
446
Summary
449
Appendix: Future work and research needs
449
Problems
450
Further reading
45
1
14
Sediment transport mechanics
452
The pieces of the problem
454
Grain entrainment
455
Recent progress in the fluvial realm
459
Modes of transport 461
The saltation trajectory
АЄ1
The granular splash
463
Mass flux: transport "laws"
464
Suspended sediment transport
468
The suspension trajectory
468
The continuum approach
469
Summary
473
Problems
474
Further reading
475
15
Eoi
ian
forms and deposits
476
Bedforms
478
Classification of dune types
48
1
Models of dunes and their stratigraphy
484
Eolian ripples
486
Summary of bedforms
489
Loess
489
Erosion by windblown particles
493
Windblown snow
497
Eolian evidence on Mars
498
Summary
499
Problems
500
Further reading
50
1
16
Coastal geomorphology
502
The relative movement of land and sea
504
The Pleistocene record
504
Sea level change in the Holocene
505
The last century of sea level change
and its causes
506
Rock uplift
507
Waves
508
Origin of waves
508
Transformation of waves
510
Hurricane storm surge
511
Physics of sand movement in the littoral
system
512
Sandy coasts
513
Capes and spits
513
Beach cusps
514
Deltas
515
Rocky coasts
520
Coastal littoral sand budget
521
Pocket beaches and headlands
523
Icy coasts
524
The continental shelf
526
Summary
528
Problems
530
Further reading
531
17
The geomorphology of big floods
532
Why should we study large floods?
534
A historical backdrop
534
A recipe for truly big floods: a bunch
of water, a breach of the dam
535
Paleoflood
analysis
537
Slackwater and separation eddy deposits
538
Estimates of flow competence
538
Paleodischarge estimates
538
The Bonneville flood
538
Glacial floods:
Jökulhlaups 540
The Lake Missoula floods and the channeled
scablands
541
Lakes Agassiz and Ojibway
546
The English Channel reinterpreted
549
Noah's flood
549
Floods from the failure of landslide dams
553
Summary
554
Problems
554
Further reading
555
18
Whole landscapes
The Santa Cruz landscape: introduction
Rock uplift: advection around a fault bend
Evolution of the terraces
Stream channels
Terrace ages
Evolution of soils on the terraces
Implications of the weathering of soils
for the hydrology
Littoral system
Seacliff evolution
Long-term evolution of the coastal plan view
Summary
Problems
Further reading
Appendix A: Physics
Primary units
Key definitions
Heat transport mechanisms
Rheologies
Important dimensionless numbers
Important natural constants
Physical properties
Contents IX
556
Appendix B: Mathematics
584
558
Numbers worth memorizing
584
560
Important functions
584
562
Basic rules of thumb for manipulation
563
of expressions
59
1
565
Trigonometry
59
1
567
Geometry
592
Volume, area, and circumference
592
568
Algebra
592
568
Calculus
592
573
Derivatives
592
579
Integrals
594
580
Mean value theorem
594
580
Taylor series expansion
594
58
I
Ordinary differential equations (ODEs)
595
Partial differential equations (PDEs)
596
582
Statistics
596
582
Probability density functions (PDFs)
597
582
Goodness of fit
599
583
583
References
600
583
Index
635
583
583 |
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| isbn | 9780521519786 |
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| spelling | Anderson, Robert Stewart 1952- Verfasser (DE-588)141656778 aut Geomorphology the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes Robert S. Anderson and Suzanne P. Anderson Reprinted with corr. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2011 XV, 637 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 28 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 600 - 634 Geomorphologie (DE-588)4130684-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Geomorphologie (DE-588)4130684-3 s b DE-604 Anderson, Suzanne P. Verfasser (DE-588)141656808 aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021159830&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Anderson, Robert Stewart 1952- Anderson, Suzanne P. Geomorphology the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes Geomorphologie (DE-588)4130684-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4130684-3 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Geomorphology the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes |
| title_auth | Geomorphology the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes |
| title_exact_search | Geomorphology the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes |
| title_full | Geomorphology the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes Robert S. Anderson and Suzanne P. Anderson |
| title_fullStr | Geomorphology the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes Robert S. Anderson and Suzanne P. Anderson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geomorphology the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes Robert S. Anderson and Suzanne P. Anderson |
| title_short | Geomorphology |
| title_sort | geomorphology the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes |
| title_sub | the mechanics and chemistry of landscapes |
| topic | Geomorphologie (DE-588)4130684-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geomorphologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021159830&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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