The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Alphen aan den Rijn
Kluwer Law Internat.
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Berger, Klaus Peter: The creeping codification of the Lex Mercatoria |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVI, 422 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789041131799 |
Internformat
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| 500 | |a 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Berger, Klaus Peter: The creeping codification of the Lex Mercatoria | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Commercial law | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143844471603200 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Table
of
Contents
Preface to the Second Edition
xv
Preface to the First Edition
xvii
List of Abbreviations
xix
Table of Cases and Awards
xxxi
Introduction
1
I. The New Lex Mercatoria and Modern Trends Towards the
Codification of Transnational Commercial Law
1
A. The Doctrine of a New Lex Mercatoria
1
1.
The Birth of the New Lex Mercatoria Doctrine
1
2.
Fifty Years of Debate on the New Lex Mercatoria
6
B. From Dogmatism to Pragmatism: Modern Trends Towards
the Codification of the New Lex Mercatoria
9
1.
The Dogmatic Dilemma: The New Lex Mercatoria Trapped
between Legal Positivism and the Need for Codification
9
2.
The Pragmatic Approach: Three Projects for the
Codification of the New Lex Mercatoria
10
a. The UNIDROIT Principles of International
Commercial Contracts
10
b. The Principles of European Contract Law
11
с
The TransLex Principles
12
H. Course of the Study
13
Table
of Contents
Parti
The Theoretical and Methodical Foundations of the
New Lex Mercatoria Doctrine
17
Chapter
1
Traditional Concepts to Overcome Deficiencies in the Application
of Domestic Law in Transnational Commercial Contexts
19
I. Inadequacy of Domestic Law as a Legal Framework
for Transnational Commercial Transactions
19
A. Conflict of Laws
21
B. Substantive Law
26
1.
Statutory Law
26
2.
Case Law
28
II. Escaping the Dilemma of the International Legal Process
30
A. Solutions on the Conflict of Laws Plane
30
1.
The Better-Law Approach
30
2.
The Comitas Doctrine
31
B. Hybrid Solutions
34
1.
Substantive Law Rules
{ Règles Matérielles )
34
2.
General Principles of Law
35
С
Solutions on the Substantive Law Plane
36
1.
Special Statutes for International Trade
36
2.
Internationally Useful Construction of
Domestic Laws
38
III. The Changing Paradigm of International Commercial Law:
Privatized Law-Making
40
A. ISO, IAS/IFRS, Basel II: From Technical Standardization
to Private Law-Making
41
B. Decentralizing the Law-Making Process
43
C. Legitimizing Privatized Law-Making
46
IV. Summary
50
Chapter
2
The Dogmatic Foundations of the New Lex Mercatoria Doctrine
53
I. The Status Quo in the Discussion on the Concept
of a Transnational Commercial Law
53
A. Antinomy of Viewpoints
53
B. The Need for a Uniform Substantive Law of International
Commerce and Trade
55
C. Confusion of Terminology
58
1.
Disadvantages of Descriptive Terminology
59
a. De
Facto Similarities of Domestic Legal Systems
59
b. Uniform Law Created by International Conventions
60
с
Unified Contractual Provisions
60
Table
of Contents
2.
Substantive Understanding of Terminology
61
a. Three Possible Meanings of Lex Mercatoria
61
b. Consequences of the Different Terminological
Approaches
63
Traditional Objections Against the New Lex Mercatoria Doctrine
64
A. The New Lex Mercatoria Doctrine Has No Methodical
Foundation
65
1.
The Methodical Starting Point: Functional
Legal Comparison
66
a. The Basic Comparative Approach
66
b. Purpose of the Functional Legal Comparison
69
с
Details of the Comparative Process
69
2.
Benefits of the Functional Legal Comparison
for the New Lex Mercatoria Doctrine
71
a. The Use of Comparative Law in the
New Lex Mercatoria Context
71
b. Functional Legal Comparison and the
Legitimacy of the New Lex Mercatoria Doctrine
73
c. The Dual Approach: Reception of General
Principles of Law and Determination of Common
Convictions of the Societas Mercatorum
73
d. The Search for a Better Solution
75
B. The Application of the New Lex Mercatoria Leads
to a Decision In Equity
76
1.
Practical Difficulties in the Finding of the Law
78
2.
The Application of the New Lex Mercatoria Leads
to
Ex Aequo Et
Bono Decisions Without Authorization
by the Parties
79
a. Differences Between Equitable Considerations
Prescribed by the Law and
Ex Aequo Et
Bono
Decisions
80
b.
Ex Aequo Et
Bono Decisions as a Source
of a New Lex Mercatoria
8
I
C. The Making of the New Lex Mercatoria Does Not Enjoy
the Necessary Transparency
34
1.
Theoretical Significance of Legal Transparency
84
2.
Increasing Publicity of International Arbitral Awards
85
D. The New Lex Mercatoria Lacks Procedural Legitimacy
87
1.
International Formulating Agencies
88
a. Objections to the Idea of Codification Through
Formulating Agencies
89
b. Increasing Depolitization of the Decision-Making
Process of Formulating Agencies
91
2.
International Commercial Arbitration
92
a. Lack of Forensic Quality of the International Arbitral
Process
94
b. No Stages of Appeal
95
E. The New Lex Mercatoria Results in the Circumvention of
Provisions With
Ordre
Public Quality
99
F. Domestic Legislatures and Courts Do Not Acknowledge the
New Lex Mercatoria
102
1.
The Classical Conflict of Laws Doctrine Does Not
Accept the Idea of the Transnationalization of
Commercial Law
102
2.
Approximation of Traditional Conflict of Laws
Doctrine and Transnational Law
102
a. Approximation in the Field of International
Commercial Arbitration
102
b. Approximation in the Field of Classical Conflict of
Laws Doctrine
108
G. The New Lex Mercatoria Does Not Have the Quality of an
Autonomous Legal System
114
1.
The New Lex Mercatoria as a Legal System
115
a. Ambiguity of the Notion of System
116
b. Increasing Systematization of the
New Lex Mercatoria
117
2.
The New Lex Mercatoria Does Not Constitute
a Self-contained System
118
a. Incomplete Character of Domestic Legal Systems
119
b. Approximation of the Courts Function in
Civil and Common Law Jurisdictions
120
с
Opening Clauses in Domestic Legal Systems
125
d. Consequences for the New Lex Mercatoria Doctrine
127
3.
The New Lex Mercatoria as a Transnational
Legal System
128
a. The Functional Notion of Law
130
b. The Pluralistic Theory of Legal Sources:
The New Lex Mercatoria as Reflexive Law
131
aa. Rule-making at the Periphery of the
Legal Process
131
bb. Globalization and the Law
134
cc. Early Examples of
Transnati
onalism
135
(a) Raiser
135
(b) Zitelmann and Lambert
136
(c) Duguit
137
c.
The International Community of Merchants
as a Source for the Creation of Transnational Law
137
d. The Contractual Consensus as the Core of
Decentralized Law-Making
138
e. Necessity of a Multi-Party Agreement ?
143
III. Summary
146
Part II
The New Lex
Mercatorìa
in Practice: New Approaches
towards the Codification of Transnational Commercial Law
149
Chapter
3
Previous Projects for the Codification of Transnational
Contract Law
151
I. Bilateral and Regional Projects
152
A. The Draft of a Franco-Italian Obligation Law
152
1.
History and Contents
152
2.
Reasons for the Failure of the Project
153
B. The American Restatement of the Law of Contracts
154
1.
Drafting History, Contents and Legal Effect
154
2.
Creative Function of the Restatements
156
C. The Project of the Former Council for Mutual Economic
Assistance for a General Law on International
Commercial Contracts
157
D. The Project of a European Civil Code of the Pavia Group
158
E. The Study Group on a European Civil Code
160
II. Projects for the Global Unification of Contract Law
162
A. The Common Core of Legal Systems of Cornell Law School
162
1.
History and Substance of the Project
162
2.
Limited Use of the Project
164
a. Important Legal Systems Were Not Covered
by the Study
164
b. The Project Does Not Take Account of Social Reality
163
с
The Project Neglects the Interaction Between
General Principles of Law and Concrete Norms
as the True Basis of a Realistic Approach to
Comparative Law
166
B. The Plan of the UNIDROIT Secretariat for the Progressive
Codification of International Trade Law
169
1.
The Report of the UNIDROIT Secretariat on the
Progressive Codification of the Law of
International Trade
169
2.
The Plan to Draft a Restatement Anchored in Public
International Law
171
a.
René
David s Proposal for a Code
Modèle
de Base
171
b.
France
s
Proposal for the Drafting of a Framework
Convention for the
lus
Commune of International
Trade Law
172
с
Clive
Schmitthoff
s
Proposal for an Approval
Committee of UNCITRAL
173
3.
First Steps Towards the Drafting of an American-Style
Restatement of International Contract Law
174
III. Summary
176
Chapter
4
Informal Approaches Towards the Codification of the
New Lex Mercatoria 11
I. Restatements of International Contract Law
180
A. The UNIDROIT Principles of International
Commercial Contracts
180
1.
UNIDROIT
s
Organizational Framework
180
2.
Steering Committee and UNIDROIT Working Group
181
a. The Steering Committee
181
b. The Working Group
182
3.
The Method Adopted by the Working Group
183
a. The Functional Comparative Methodology
183
b. Methodical Particularities
184
aa. Foreign Trade Laws of (Formerly)
Communist Legal Systems
184
(a) The International Commercial
Contracts Act of the Former GDR
185
(b) The Law of International Trade of
the Former Czechoslovakia
186
(c) The Foreign Economic Contract
Law of the People s Republic of China
187
bb. Hybrid Laws and
Extralegal
Phenomena
187
4.
The Basic Decision: Restatement Versus International
Convention or Model Law
189
5.
Common Features and Differences Between the
UNIDROIT Principles and the American Restatements
191
6.
Scope of the Principles
193
a. No Definition of International Contracts
194
b. No Definition of Commercial Contracts
195
7.
Contents of the Principles
198
a. Structure
198
b. Constituent Elements of a Legal System: The
Interaction Between General Principles and Rules
201
aa.
The Differentiation Between General
Principles and Rules
201
bb. Consequences of this Differentiation for the
UNIDROIT Principles
202
8.
Dispositive Character of the UNIDROIT Principles
212
9.
Influence of Mandatory Provisions of Other
Domestic Legal Systems
213
10.
Functional Scope of the Principles: The Options
Contained in the Preamble
213
a. Application of the Principles in Cases
Where the Parties Have Agreed That Their
Contract Be Governed by Them
215
b. Application of the Principles in Cases
Where the Parties Have Agreed That Their
Contract Be Governed by General Principles of
Law, the Lex Mercatoria or the like
215
с
The Principles May Provide a Solution to an
Issue Raised When It Proves Impossible
to Establish the Relevant Rule of the Applicable Law
220
d. The UNIDROIT Principles as a Means to Interpret or
Supplement International Uniform Law Instruments
221
e. The UNIDROIT Principles as a Means for the
Internationally Useful Interpretation or
Supplementation of Domestic Laws
223
aa. Comparative Method of Construction
224
bb. Anticipatory Method of Construction
226
(a) Methodical Basis
226
(b) Limited Use of the Anticipatory
Approach for the UNIDROIT Principles
227
cc. Consequences
228
dd. Application of the Concept in Arbitral Practice
229
f. The UNIDROIT Principles as a Model for
National and International Legislatures
232
11.
The
2004
Edition of the UNIDROIT Principles
233
12.
Towards the
2010
Edition of the Principles
234
B. The Principles of European Contract Law of the
Lando
Commission
234
1.
Heterogeneous Character of European Private Law
234
2.
The Principles of European Contract Law as the
Foundation Stone for a European
lus
Commune
238
a. Drafting History
238
b. Structure and Contents
242
с
Options for the Application of the Principles
245
d. The
Lando
Principles as a First Step towards
a European Civil Code
247
II. Escaping the Codification Dilemma: The Creeping
Codification of the New Lex Mercatoria
250
A. Deficiencies of the Restatement Technique
250
1.
No Positive Statement by the Drafters as to the
Existence of the New Lex Mercatoria
251
2.
Restatements as a Comparative Snapshot
251
B. Codification Versus Progressive Development
:
Irreconcilable Contradiction or Redefinition of
Traditional Codification Techniques?
252
1.
The Codification of Public International Law
Through the International Law Commission
253
2.
The Search for a New Codification Method
254
C. The New Concept: The Creeping Codification of the
New Lex Mercatoria
255
1.
Previous Efforts to Draft Lists of General
Principles and Rules of the New Lex Mercatoria
258
2.
Contribution of the Lists to the Discussion of the
New Lex Mercatoria Doctrine
262
3.
The Role of General Principles of Law
263
a. Genetic Function of General Principles of Law
264
b. General Principles of Law as Reference
Points for Valuation Processes Within the
System of the New Lex Mercatoria
265
4.
The Open-Ended Character of the List
267
5.
Creeping Codification Online: The TransLex Principles
270
a. History of the List
271
b. History of the Online Codification Platform
TransLex (www.trans-lex.org)
271
aa. The Predecessor: The Transnational Law
Database (Tldb)
272
bb. From the Tldb to the TransLex Principles
273
с
Features of the TransLex Principles:
The Online Codification Process
275
aa. Content and Structure of the List
275
bb. Formulation and Reformulation of the
Principles and Rules Contained in the List
277
d. The Meaning of Codification in the
Context of the New Lex Mercatoria
281
e. Updating and Developing the List
283
III. Summary
287
Conclusion
289
Bibliography
2!
Annexes
357
I. Professor Philippe
Kahn:
Vers la quête de la
Lex Mercatoria:
l apport de l école de Dijon,
1957-1964
(with English
translation)
357
II. Professor
Berthold
Goldman: La Compagnie de Suez, société
internationale, Le Monde,
4th Oct.
1956,
p.
3
(English
translation)
368
III. TransLex Principles
371
Index
407
|
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| spelling | Berger, Klaus Peter 1961- Verfasser (DE-588)142241164 aut The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria by Klaus Peter Berger 2. ed. Alphen aan den Rijn Kluwer Law Internat. 2010 XXXVI, 422 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier 1. Aufl. u.d.T.: Berger, Klaus Peter: The creeping codification of the Lex Mercatoria Commercial law Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021150189&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Berger, Klaus Peter 1961- The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria Commercial law |
| title | The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria |
| title_auth | The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria |
| title_exact_search | The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria |
| title_full | The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria by Klaus Peter Berger |
| title_fullStr | The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria by Klaus Peter Berger |
| title_full_unstemmed | The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria by Klaus Peter Berger |
| title_short | The creeping codification of the new Lex Mercatoria |
| title_sort | the creeping codification of the new lex mercatoria |
| topic | Commercial law |
| topic_facet | Commercial law |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021150189&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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