Evolutionary parasitology: the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2011
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| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 516 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780199229499 9780199229482 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Evolutionary parasitology |b the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics |c Paul Schmid-Hempel |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford [u.a.] |b Oxford Univ. Press |c 2011 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143825963188224 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Evolutionary parasitology
Autor: Schmid-Hempel, Paul
Jahr: 2011
Contents
Preface xvii
1 Parasites and humans 1
1.1 Mission impossible 1
1.2 Some lessons provided by yellow fever 3
1.2.1 The parasite life-cycle can be complex 4
1.2.2 Not all host and parasite strains are the same 4
1.2.3 Complex physiologtcai and molecular mechanisms underlie
the infection 4
1.2.4 Parasites and hosts are populations 5
1.2.5 Parasites can be controlled when we understand them 5
1.3 Parasites in ourtimes 6
Summary 8
The study of evolutionary parasrtology
2.1 The evolutionary process 9
2.2 Questions about host-parasite interactions 12
2.3 Selection and units that evolve 13
2.4 Lifehistory 14
2.5 Studying adaptation: optimality and evolutionariry stable strategies (BS) 14
2.5.1 Optimaiity 15
2.5.2 Evolutionariry stable strategies (BS) 16
2.6 Comparative studies 16
Summary 17
3 The diversity and natural history of parasites 18
3.1 The ubiquity of parasites 18
32 A systematic overview of parasites 20
32.1 Vlnises 20
CONTENTS
3.2.2 Prokaryotes
3.2.2.7 Archaea
3.2.2.2 Bacteria
3.2.3 The basal Eukaryotes
3.2.4 Protozoa
3.2.4.7 Mastigophora
3.2.4.2 Sarcodina
3.2.4.3 Sporozoa
3.2.4.4 Ciliophora
21
22
22
24
24
25
25
26
26
3.2.5 Fungi 27
3.2.6 Nematodes (roundworms) 28
3.2.7 Flatworms 29
3.2.8 Acanthocephala 30
3.2.9 Annelida 30
3.2.10 Crustacea 31
3.2.70.7 Pentastomida 31
3.2.10.2 Copepods 31
3.2.10.3 Isopods 31
3.2.10.4 Branchiura(fishlice) 31
3.2.10.5 Other groups 31
3.2.11 Mites (Acari), ticks, lice (Mallophaga, Anoplura) 32
3.2.12 Parasitic insects (parasitoids) 33
3.3 The evolution of parasitism 33
3.3.1 Evolution of parasitism in nematodes 34
3.3.2 Evolution of parasitism in trypanosomes 35
3.4 The diversity and evolution of parasite life-cycles 38
3.4.1 Steps in a parasites life-cycle 38
3.4.7.7 Step 7: fmding a host 38
3.4.7.7.7 Passive dispersion 38
3.4.1.1.2 Active host-fmding 39
3.4.1.2 Step 2: infecting and establishment in the host 39
3.4.7.3 Step 3: growth, muitiplication 39
3.4.7.4 Step 4: reproduction 40
3.4.1.5 Step 5: transmission 40
3.4.2 Modesof transmission 40
3.4.2.7 Direct transmission 40
3.4.2.2 Transmission with paratenic hosts 40
3.4.2.3 Vector transmission 42
3.4.3 Trematode life-cycles 42
3.4.4 The evolution of complex parasite life-cycles 46
Summary 51
The natural history of defences
52
4.1 The defence sequence 52
4.1.1 Pre-infectjon defences 52
4.7.7.7 Spatial avoidance 52
4.1.7.2 Temporal avoidance 53
CONTENTS vii
4.7.7.3 Avoiding certain diets 53
4.7.7.4 Theselfishherd 55
4.7.7.5 Mating behaviour and mate choice 55
4.7.7.6 Self-medication 55
4.1.1.7 Anticipatory defences 55
4.7.7.8 Genetic defences 55
4.1.2 Post-infection defences 55
4.7.2.7 Behavioural changes 56
4.7.2.2 Grooming 56
4.7.2.3 Fever and chiiling 57
4.1.3 Social immunity 57
4.2 Defence by the immune system 59
4.3 Basic elements of the immune defence 60
4.3.1 Humoral and cellular defences 60
4.3.7.7 Phagocytosis 62
4.3.7.2 Melanization, encapsulation 64
4.3.7.3 Clotting, noduie formation 64
4.3.7.4 Inflammation 65
4.3.2 Innate and adaptive (acquired) immunity 65
4.3.2.7 innate immune defence 65
4.3.2.2 Adaptive (acquired) immunity 65
4.3.3 Signallingcascades 66
4.3.3.7 Plants 68
4.3.3.2 Insects 68
4.3.3.3 Mammals 68
4.3.4 Proteolyse cascades 71
4.3.5 Thedeploymentofeffectors 73
4.4 Immune defence protein families 73
4.4.1 Immunoglobulin-superfamily (IgSF) 73
4.4.2 Leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) 73
4.4.2.7 Toll and Toll-like reeeptors (TLRs) 74
4.4.3 Lectins 74
4.4.4 Other important families 74
4.4.4.7 Tumour necrosis factor family (TNF) 74
4.4.4.2 Cytokine reeeptor families 75
4.4.4.3 Chemokine reeeptor family 75
4.4.4.4 PGRP, GNBP 75
4.4.4.5 NOD and other intra-cellular sensars 75
4.4.4.6 Scavenger reeeptors (SRCR) 75
4.4.4.7 Down Syndrome cell adhesion molecu/es (Dscam) 75
4.4.4.8 Fibrinogen-reiated protein (FREP) 76
4.4.4.9 Variable domain chitin-binding pmteins (VCBPs) 76
4.4.4.70 Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) 76
4.5 The generation of diversity in recognraon 78
4.5.1 Polymorphism in the germ line 78
4.52 Somatic generation of diversity 80
4.52.7 Alternative splicing 80
4SJL2 Somatic rearrangement, copy chaice 82
4.52.3 Somatic (hyper-) mutation, gene conversion 82
CONTENTS
4.5.3 The structure of Immunoglobulins of B- and T-cells 83
4.5.3.7 B-cells 83
4.5.3.2 T-cells 87
4.6 The diversity of immune defences 88
4.6.1 Defence in prokaryotes 88
4.6.2 Defence in plants 88
4.6.3 Defence in invertebrates 89
4.6.3.7 Nematodes 89
4.6.3.2 Molluscs 89
4.6.3.3 Insects 89
4.6.3.4 Sea urchins 89
4.6.4 Early vertebrates 90
4.6.4.7 Cephalochordates 90
4.6.4.2 Urochordates (tunicates) 90
4.6.4.3 Jawless vertebrates 90
4.6.5 Thejawed (higher) vertebrates 90
4.7 Evolution ofthe immune system 94
4.7.1 Recognitionofnon-self 94
4.7.2 The evolution of adaptive immunity 94
Summary
97
5 Ecological immunoiogy __________ 98
5.1 Variation in parasitism 98
5.1.1 Variation in parasite load 98
5.1.2 Variation in susceptibility and immune response 102
5.2 Ecological immunoiogy: the costs of defence 105
5.2.1 General principies 105
5.2.2 Defence costs related to life history and behaviour 107
5.2.3 Costofevolving immune defences 109
5.2.3.1 Genetic costs associated with the evolution of immune
defences 109
52.3.2 Physiological costs associated with the evolution
(maintenance) of immune defences 11 °
5.2.4 Cost of using immune defences 113
5.2.4.1 Genetic costs associated with the deployment of
immune defences 1 3
52.42 Physiological costs associated with the deployment
of immune defences 113
52.4.3 Costs due to self-reactivity 1 °
5.3 The natureof defence costs H7
5.3.1 What is the limiting resource? ^ °
5.3.7.7 Energy 118
5.3.7 2 Food and nutrients 20
5.3.2 Regulation ofallocation 12
5.32.7 Hormonesasmediators 1Z
5.4 Immunocompetence and the benefits of defence 1 ^
CONTENTS ix
5.4.1 Correlating immune response and fitness 123
5.4.2 Phenotype, immunocompetence, and fitness 124
5.5 Strategies of immune defence 124
5.5.1 Optimal defence to increase recovery rate 129
5.5.2 Specific vs. general defence 130
5.5.3 Constitutive vs. induced defence 130
5.5.4 Optimal memory 132
5.5.5 Robust defence 132
5.5.6 Optimal defence and host lifespan 135
5.6 Tolerance as defence element 136
5.6.1 Measuring tolerance 137
5.6.2 The evolutionary consequences of tolerance 139
Summary 140
6 Parasites, immunity, and sexual selection 141
6.1 Differences between the sexes 141
6.1.1 Males are generally more prone to parasites 141
6.1.2 The role of sex hormones in vertebrates 144
6.2 Parasites and sexual selection 145
6.2.1 Female mate choice, immunity, and parasitism 147
6.2.2 Males indicate quality of resisting parasites 148
6.22.7 The Hamilton-Zuk hypothesis 148
6.2.2.2 Symmetry as an indicator of male quality 151
6.2.2.3 The immunocompetence handkap hypothesis 152
6.2.2.4 Immunosuppression to avoid self-damage 153
6.2.3 Male genotype and female self-reference 155
62.3.7 Heterozygosity advantage 155
6.2.3.2 Dissimilar genes 155
6.3 Sexual selection and immunity in invertebrates 159
Summary 164
7 Specrficity 165
7.1 Measuring specrficity and host ränge 165
7.1.1 Listofobservedbosts 165
7.1.2 Screening with genetic tools 166
7.1.3 Experimental infections 166
72 Host-specificrty of parasites 170
73 Evolution of the host ränge 170
7.3.1 Host ränge and ecological specialization 170
7.3.2 Factors affecting host ränge 173
7.3.2.7 Host ränge is limited by phylogenetic constraints 173
7.322 Host ränge depends on the phylogenetic age of the parasite group 173
7.3.23 Host ränge depends on transmission mode 173
732.4 Host ränge depends on the complexity of the Wfe-cyck 174
CONTENTS
7.3.2.5 Host ränge depends on the stages of the parasite s life-cycle 174
7.3.2.6 Host ränge depends on the virulence of the parasite 174
7.3.2.7 Host ränge depends onthe Variation in host availability 175
7.3.2.8 Host ränge depends on parasite geographic distribution 175
7.3.2.9 Host ränge depends on immune defences 175
7.4 Specific defences of the host 177
7.4.1 Specificity beyond the immune system 177
7.4.7.7 Behavioural defences 177
7.4.12 Physical and chemical barriers 177
7.4.2 Specificity ofthe adaptive immune system 177
7.4.3 Specificity ofthe innate immune system 179
7.5 Memory, immune priming, and trans-generational transfer 179
7.5.1 Individual immune memory 180
7.5.2 Trans-generational protection 180
7.6 Adaptive diversity and cross-reactivity 184
Summary 186
8 Parasite immune evasion and manipulation of host phenotype________187
8.1 Parasites manipulate their hosts 187
8.2 The diversity of immune-evasion mechanisms 190
8.2.1 Passive evasion 190
82.7.7 Hideaway 190
82.72 Becoming invisible 190
82.7.3 Changing identity 19°
8.2.1.4 Population escape by mutation 190
82.7.5 Molecular mimicry 191
82.7.6 Quiescence 191
82.7.7 Capsule formation 191
8.2.2 Active evasion 191
8.2.3 Targets of immune evasion 193
8.2.3.7 Escape recagnition 196
8.2.32 Avoid complement attack 196
82.3.3 Avoid being killed by polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) 196
82.3.4 Avoid being killed by macrophages and phagocytes 196
8.2.3.5 Manipulate the signalling network 197
82.3.6 Interference with the antigen presentation and processing
pathways 197
8.2.3.7 Avoid being killed by the effectors 197
8.3 Manipulation ofthe host phenotype toincrease transmission 198
8.3.1 Manipulation of host behaviour 198
8.3.1.7 Site of transmission in space and time 198
8.3.12 Transmission from host to vector 203
8.3.7.3 Time of transmission 203
8.3.2 Change of host morphology 2**
8.3.3 Aftecting transmission routes 204
83.4 Meeting social behaviour 207
8.4 Manipulation of the host phenotype to increase irtfection Irr etime 207
CONTENTS xi
8.4.1 Fecundity reduction 207
8.4.2 Changes ofthe social context 209
8.5 Mechanisms of host phenotype manipulation 210
8.6 Strategies of manipulation 213
8.6.1 What manipulation effort? 213
8.6.2 Multiple infections 214
8.7 Ecological significance of manipulation 217
Summary 217
9 Infection and pathogenesis 219
9.1 Infection and dose 219
9.1.1 Analysing infective dose 223
9.7.7.7 Individual effective dose (threshold model) 223
9.7.7.2 Independent action model 223
9.1.2 The manipulation hypothesis 228
9.2 Similar parasites cause different pathologies 229
9.2.1 The common cold 229
9.2.2 Influenza 229
9.3 Pathogenesis: the mechanisms of virulence 230
9.3.1 Impairing host capacities 232
9.3.2 Destructionoftissue 232
9.3.3 Virulence factors 232
9.3.3.7 Adhesion factors (adhesins) 233
9.3.3.2 Colonization factors 233
9.3.3.3 Invasion factors (imasins) 233
9.3.3.4 Immune evasion factors 233
9.3.3.5 Toxins 233
9.3.4 Toxins 234
9.3.5 Proteases 236
9.3.6 Pathogenesis by opportunistJc infections 237
9.4 Immunopathology 237
9.4.1 Immunopathology associated with cytokines 238
9.4.2 Immunopathology caused by immune-evasion mechanisms 238
9.5 The genetksof pathogenesis 241
Summary 243
10 Host-parasjtegenetks 244
10.1 The genetic archrtecture of host resistance 244
10.1.1 Number and location of host resistance genes 244
70.7.7.7 QTL-mapping 244
70.1.12 Genomic sequences 245
70.7.73 Comparative genetic studies 245
70.7.7.4 Resistance in plants and animals 246
10.1.2 Genetics of parasite virulence 250
CONTENTS
10.12.1 Genetics of virulence in bacteria 250
70.72.2 Example: genetics of virulence in Salmonella 253
10.1.3 Variation in gene expression 256
10.2 Evolutionary genetics of host-parasite interactions 259
10.2.1 Interaction between genotypes 259
10.2.2 Models ofgenotypic interactions 263
10.22.1 Gene-for-gene interaction (GFG) 263
10.2.22 Matching specificities (matching alleles) 266
10.2.3 Epistasis 267
10.2.4 Inbreeding and heterozygosity 268
102.4.1 Genetically variable populations 268
10.2.42 Individual heterozygosity 272
10.3 Signaturesof selection 272
10.3.1 Selection drives populations genetically apart 274
10.3.1.1 Phylogeny ofhaplotypes 274
10.3.12 Testing for genetic divergence 274
10.3.2 Selection affects non-synonymous mutations 275
10.3.3 Selective sweeps leave traces of linkage along the genome 275
10.4 Genetic structure of protozoan parasites 276
Summary 278
11 Epidemiology__________________________________________________279
11.1 Population biology of host-parasitoid Systems 279
11.2 Epidemiology of infectious diseases: microparasites 282
11.2.1 TheSIR-model 285
11.2.2 Vaccination 288
112.3 Stochastic epidemiology 293
11.2.4 Spatial heterogeneity 295
11.3 Endemie infections and periodic outbreaks 295
11.4 Epidemiology ofvectored microparasites 296
11.5 Epidemiology of macroparasites 297
11.5.1 The distribution of macroparasites among hosts 298
11.5.2 Population dynamics and modeis for macroparasites 299
11.6 Immuno-epidemiology 299
11.6.1 Effects of immune response on parasites 302
11.62 Effects of acquired immunity on epidemiological patterns 303
11.6.3 Effects of immunity on popuiation dynamics 305
11.7 Epidemiology with evolutionary change 305
11.8 Within-host epidemiology 307
11.8.1 Within-host dynamics of parasites 308
11.8.2 Within-host competition between parasite strains 309
Summary 311
CONTENTS xiii
12 Virulence 312
12.1 Virulence 312
12.1.1 Different meanings of virulence 312
12.1.2 Virulence as a non-adaptive phenomenon 312
72.7 2.7 Virulence as a side-effect 313
12.12.2 Short-sighted evolution 314
12.12.3 Virulence a negligible effect for the parasite 315
12.1.3 Virulence as an evolved trait 315
12.2 The evolution of virulence 319
12.2.1 Avirulence theory 319
12.22 Virulence as an adaptive trait 319
12.3 Conceptsof virulence evolution 322
12.3.1 Basic principies of evolutionary theory 322
12.3.2 The recovery-virulence trade-off 323
12.3.3 The transmission-virulence trade-off 323
12.3.4 Horizontal vs. vertical transmission 327
12.3.5 Host density and background mortality 330
12.3.6 Host population size affected by parasitism 330
12.4 Within-host evolution 331
12.4.1 Within-host replication and clearance of the infection 331
12.42 Multiple infections 331
12.4.3 Kinship among co-infecting parasites 334
12.4.4 Medical Intervention and virulence 339
12.4.5 Obligate killers 344
12.4.6 Immunopathology and virulence 344
12.5 Life history of infection events 344
12.5.1 The timing of benefits and costs 344
12.5.2 A generalized theory: the sensitivity framework 346
12.6 Within- vs. between-host selection 348
12.7 Host population structure 350
12.7.1 Spatial structure 350
12.7.2 Variation in host types 350
12.7.3 Social structure 351
12.8 Non-equilibrium virulence 351
Summary 352
13 Host-parasrte (co-)evolution 354
13.1 Macro-evolution 354
132 Micro-evolution 359
13.2.1 Evolution ofantibiotic resistance 360
132.2 Costs ofantibiotic resistance 362
CONTENTS
13.3 Micro-evolution: the maintenance of diversity 364
13.3.1 Antagonistic host-parasite co-evolution 364
13.3.2 Time-Iagged negative frequency-dependent selection 365
13.3.3 Local adaptation 369
13.4 Antagonistic co-evolution, sex, and recombination 374
13.4.1 Sexual reproduction 374
13.4.2 Meiotic recombination 374
13.5 The evolution of sex and recombination under parasitism 375
13.5.1 The evolution of sex 376
13.5.2 The evolution of meiotic recombination 376
13.53 Empirical evidence: advantage for sex 379
13.5.4 Empirical evidence: advantage for recombination 383
13.6 Selective sweeps 386
Summary 389
14 Ecology___________________________________________ ___________ 390
14.1 Parasites and host life-history 390
14.1.1 Changes in reproductive patterns 390
14.1.2 Gigantism 391
14.1.3 Group living 393
14.2 Host populations 395
142.1 Population regulation by parasites 397
14.2.2 Population decline and extinction 399
14.3 Host ecological communities 401
14.3.1 Parasite effects on host competition 401
14.3.2 Communities ofhosts 401
14.3.3 Foodwebs 405
14.4 Parasite ecology 406
14.4.1 Geographica! patterns 406
74.4.7.7 Species-area relationship 406
14.4.12 Species-isolation relationship 406
74.4.7.3 Latitudinal gradients 407
14.4.2 Parasite Community assembly 409
14.5 Invasions 410
14.5.1 Host invasions 410
74.5.7.7 Escape from parasites 411
74.5.72 Characteristics of parasites 411
CONTENTS XV
14.5.2 Invasion by parasites (disease emergence) 411
14.5.2.1 Biological processes 411
14.52.2 Abiotic correlates of parasite invasion success 413
14.5.2.3 Global patterns 413
14.53 Climate change and disease emergence 414
Summary 415
Glossary 417
List of Immunological Acronyms 429
References 435
Subject Index 499
Taxonomic Index 506
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Schmid-Hempel, Paul |
| author_facet | Schmid-Hempel, Paul |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Schmid-Hempel, Paul |
| author_variant | p s h psh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV037223788 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)664323809 (DE-599)BVBBV037223788 |
| dewey-full | 571.999 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 571 - Physiology & related subjects |
| dewey-raw | 571.999 |
| dewey-search | 571.999 |
| dewey-sort | 3571.999 |
| dewey-tens | 570 - Biology |
| discipline | Biologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV037223788 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:53:49Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780199229499 9780199229482 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021137615 |
| oclc_num | 664323809 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-11 DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-11 DE-703 DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-188 |
| physical | XVIII, 516 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Oxford Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Schmid-Hempel, Paul Verfasser aut Evolutionary parasitology the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics Paul Schmid-Hempel Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2011 XVIII, 516 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd rswk-swf Immunologie (DE-588)4026637-0 gnd rswk-swf Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd rswk-swf Parasitismus (DE-588)4173322-8 gnd rswk-swf Parasitologie (DE-588)4122308-1 gnd rswk-swf Parasitologie (DE-588)4122308-1 s Parasitismus (DE-588)4173322-8 s Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 s Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 s Immunologie (DE-588)4026637-0 s b DE-604 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021137615&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Schmid-Hempel, Paul Evolutionary parasitology the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Immunologie (DE-588)4026637-0 gnd Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd Parasitismus (DE-588)4173322-8 gnd Parasitologie (DE-588)4122308-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4071050-6 (DE-588)4026637-0 (DE-588)4071711-2 (DE-588)4173322-8 (DE-588)4122308-1 |
| title | Evolutionary parasitology the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics |
| title_auth | Evolutionary parasitology the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics |
| title_exact_search | Evolutionary parasitology the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics |
| title_full | Evolutionary parasitology the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics Paul Schmid-Hempel |
| title_fullStr | Evolutionary parasitology the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics Paul Schmid-Hempel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary parasitology the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics Paul Schmid-Hempel |
| title_short | Evolutionary parasitology |
| title_sort | evolutionary parasitology the integrated study of infections immunology ecology and genetics |
| title_sub | the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics |
| topic | Evolution (DE-588)4071050-6 gnd Immunologie (DE-588)4026637-0 gnd Genetik (DE-588)4071711-2 gnd Parasitismus (DE-588)4173322-8 gnd Parasitologie (DE-588)4122308-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Evolution Immunologie Genetik Parasitismus Parasitologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021137615&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT schmidhempelpaul evolutionaryparasitologytheintegratedstudyofinfectionsimmunologyecologyandgenetics |