Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kraków
Wydawn. Tow. Naukowego Societas Vistulana
2010
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The relations between Bardejov and Little Poland in the Middle Ages |
| Beschreibung: | 327 s. 24 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788361033394 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | STANISŁAW A SROKA
ŚREDNIOWIECZNY
BARDIOW
1 JEGO KONTAKTY
Z MAŁOPOLSKĄ
TOWARZYSTWO NAUKOWE
SOCIETAS V1STULANA
KRAKÓW 201O
SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp 7
Rozwój Bardiowa i jego rola na pograniczu polsko-węgierskim
w XIII-XV wieku 21
Początki osady 21
Królewskie przywileje Bardiów w rękach Balickich 29
Bardiów wobec wojen polsko-węgierskich w XV wieku 40
Życie miejskie w Bardiowie w XV wieku 53
Topografia 53
Ludność 59
Władze samorządowe 65
Produkcja rzemieślnicza 75
Handel Bardiowa z miastami małopolskimi • 83
Drogi handlowe 83
Handel a rozboje na pograniczu polsko-węgierskim 86
Spór celny z klaryskami ze Starego Sącza 98
Towary 105
Kontakty handlowe z Krakowem 113
Kontakty handlowe z mniejszymi miastami 128
Biecz 128
Bochnia 132
Brzozów 133
Cięzkowice 134
Czchów 135
Dębowiec 136
Dukla 136
Gorlice 138
Grybów , 139
Jasło 140
Krosno 141
Lipnica Murowana 144
Muszyna 144
Nowy Sącz 145
Pilzno 147
Rymanów 148
Sandomierz 149
Sanok 150
Strzyzów 152
Szymbark 152
Tarnów 153
Żmigród 154
Związki kulturalne i intelektualne Bardiowa z Małopolską 157
Bardiów - centrum kultury Górnych Węgier w XV wieku 157
Artyści i ich dzieła w Bardiowie w XV i na początku XVI wieku 179
Studenci bardiowscy i ich późniejsze losy w XV wieku 203
Zakończenie 233
Summary 237
Aneksy 241
Bibliografia 267
Indeks nazw osobowych i geograficznych 305
SUMMARY
The Relations between
Bardejov
and Little Poland in the Middle Ages
The book is composed of an introduction, four main chapters, a conclusion,
annexes and bibliography. The broad introduction depicts the state of research
within both Slovak and Hungarian literature as well as that written in Polish.
Moreover, it describes the source material which was referred to in the book,
emphasizing the role of the abundant records of the
Bardejov
City Archives.
In addition, the collection of the city registers of the said Archives has been
thoroughly described, for to date these registers have not been utilised
appropriately in research. Of great importance are the registers of the admission
to
Bardejov
city citizenship, which date back to
1432-1450
and
1462-1488,
and which I have prepared for publication in a separate edition. Of no less
importance are the customs registers, mainly registers of tax collection known
as
tricésima
as well as fee registers.
The first chapter of the book discusses the origins of the city of
Bardejov,
its development and political role on the Polish-Hungarian borderland in
the 13th-15th centuries. In the 14th century,
Bardejov
was transformed from
a small rural settlement into a vibrant city, and obtained the rights of a free
royal city. This was possible as a result of several royal privileges, which
both made the city more important and strengthened its dominant role on
the Polish-Hungarian borderland. In
1320,
King Charles Robert guaranteed
settlers who came to
Bardejov
a ten-year-long period of lhota (suspension
of obligations) during which they were freed from paying any taxes or levies.
King Louis granted
Bardejov
another privilege in
1352.
He ordered the city
to be surrounded with walls and towers and, in addition, he granted the city
the right to organize an annual fair, which lasted
8
days, starting from Saint
Giles day, the patron of the local parish church. In the same year, the King of
Hungary granted the city the privilege of the sword, which was to defend the
Bardejov
citizens against marauders and thieves who raged in the mountainous
region of the Polish-Hungarian borderland. In
1376,
Bardejov
was elevated
to the status of a free royal city. In a special privilege, King Louis of
Anjou
announced that
Bardejov,
having been walled, was to obtain the same
237
SUMMARY
privileges as
Kosice
and
Buda.
Being one of the free royal cities this meant
abolishing the hereditary office of the head of the village, in
Bardejov
known
as the village-mayor , whose property was bought by the King and given to
the city. As a sign of servitude to the King,
Bardejov
was to pay the King
500
florins in gold every year on the day of St. George. From
1376
Bardejov
formally became a city, i.e. was surrounded with walls, had the right to organize
an annual fair, had local authorities (the city council, an elected councillor).
In
1412,
Bardejov
experienced a fundamental change: it was pledged to
a Polish nobleman,
Andrzej Balicki,
on whom, as early as
1410,
the King of
Hungary had bestowed the title to Sklabinia castle, Turoc county and Debrecen,
except for the salt mine which belonged to the city and which the King
had left as his property. The estimated value of the said lien amounted to
13
thousand florins in gold. Two years later, on
29
August
1412,
the city of
Debrecen was taken back from Balicki (he still owned Sklabinia and Turoc
county). In return, the King gave him as a lien the city of
Bardejov
(the value
of the lien was
5000
florins) together with the tax from it to the amount of
500
florins in gold paid to the royal treasury every year as well as the new
year tax (ratio encenneorum) to the amount of
12
marks.
Bardejov
remained
in the hands of the Balicki family (later
Ossoliński)
until the early 16th century.
This chapter also discusses the role of
Bardejov
during the 15th century wars
between Poland and Hungary.
The second chapter describes the city life of
Bardejov
in the 15th century.
The abundant source material allows one to characterize the topography of
the city, its population, local authorities and the main activities the citizens
were engaged in. The research shows that in
1413,
Bardejov
had
444
houses
(170
within the city walls and
274
in the suburbs); in
1437
there were as
many as
515
houses; in
1487,564
houses; in
1497
there were only
437
houses;
whereas in the early 16th century, there were
497
houses. The decrease in the
number of houses in the 1490s, mainly in the suburbs, was the result of the
Polish-Hungarian war of
1490-1492,
during which the suburbs of
Bardejov
suffered much. In the course of the 15th century, the city population fluctuated
between
3000
and
3500
people.
The main area in which
Bardejov
was in contact with the cities of Little
Poland was trade. Consequently this constitutes the principle theme of the
third chapter of the book. In referring to the
Bardejov
city registers, I have
presented a list of the goods which the people traded in as well as the scale
of the trade. The most vital relations seem to be the trade relations with Krakow,
where, as early as the second half of the 14th century, a citizen of
Bardejov, Jan
Bartfal, made both a successful career and a fortune and was a member of the
city authorities. In the 15th century, many Krakow families conducted a thriving
trade with
Bardejov
(e.g. the Morsztyn family), whereas merchants from
Bardejov
bought various goods in Krakow, for instance crossbows, which
238
_________________________________________
SUMMARY
were so necessary for the city defence. The chapter also discusses the trade
relations of
Bardejov
with over twenty cities of Little Poland. The registers
of the admission to the citizenship of
Bardejov,
which have been preserved
until now, prove that citizens of the said cities were occasionally granted the
citizenship of
Bardejov.
One of the most prominent citizens was
Jakub
Frater,
a citizen of Rymanow, later of
Krosno,
who moved to
Bardejov
and received
citizenship. He was famous for the many conflicts he embroiled himself in
with merchants from Little Poland. Medieval trade naturally involved robbery
on the borderland. Since the archival material of
Bardejov
is preserved in an
outstanding condition and the medieval archival material kept in the city
archives of Little Poland (apart from Krakow) is quite scanty, this book presents
mainly instances of Hungarians robbing Polish merchants whereas situations
in which Hungarian merchants were the victims of robbery are presented in
a smaller number. A significant conflict on the borderland, one economic in
character, was the over a hundred-year-long conflict between
Bardejov
and
the Order of Saint Clare in
Stary Sącz
about collecting customs duty in Grybow.
This was to be only concluded as late as
1508,
when King
Sigismund
the
Old granted the right to collect the customs duty to the sisters of St. Clare.
Although the nuns managed to obtain the right to collect the customs duty
legally, the whole conflict still bears a lot of ambiguity and doubts.
The intellectual contacts of
Bardejov
with Little Poland and especially
with Krakow have been neglected in the research to date. It occurs that in the
15th century Krakow University gathered
55
Bardejov
citizens, most of whom
returned to their home town after graduation and started there a successful
career. An examination of the life stories of the
Bardejov
students after their
graduation, which are presented in the fourth chapter of this book, reveals
that their careers were rather intellectual or spiritual in character for in
Bardejov
they held the offices of vicar or
altarist,
whereas their love for books was
manifested by the fact that they possessed quite large book collections. It was
this group of young people, educated at the University of Krakow, who
changed the way
Bardejov
was to be perceived. In the 15th century it was not
only the centre of craft and trade in Upper Hungary, but most of all, it was
an important intellectual centre with its own school and library. The city
was also famous for its flourishing cultural life: people often went to the
theatres, the first literary works in Slovak were produced, literary works in
German developed and numerous copyists and miniaturists
(Baltazar
Blutfogel) worked there. The printer Peter, famous in Western Europe, also
came from
Bardejov.
Apart from intellectual life, religious life evolved
intensively in
Bardejov,
focused principally around religious sodalities, mainly
the Sodality of Mary Mother of Mercy of St. Giles parish church. Apart
from this main church, the
Augustinians
started to be more and more active
in the 15th century in
Bardejov.
In the first half of the said century, one of
239
SUMMARY
the
Bardejov
priors was Blessed Isaac Boner from Krakow, who was one
of the most distinguished Krakow
Augustinians
of that century.
Bardejov
citizens were also visible on the pilgrimage routes of the Europe of the day.
The most known is the pilgrimage of Jan, a modest clergyman, who was
sent to the Roman Curia by the city council in
1494.
Polish artists were also noticeable in
Bardejov
in the 15th century. The
most prominent one seems to be
Jakub
of
Sącz,
the creator of the main altar
in Saint Giles church in
Bardejov.
According to previous researchers, he was
an artist of limited scope, who involved himself mainly with the copying
and repairing of paintings. The writings of the following centuries, however,
show that he was one of the most distinguished Krakow artists of his time,
the author of the Holy Trinity triptych in the Holy Cross Chapel at the
Wawel
Cathedral and of many other minor works. Nowadays however, it is
commonly believed that
Jakub
of
Sącz
might have been in contact with the
Krakow art studio of the Holy Trinity triptych, but he could not have been
the author of the triptych itself. Apart from
Jakub
of
Sącz,
other artists from
Little Poland worked in
Bardejov.
They were, however, not so recognized
and were employed to work on the construction of such buildings as the
parish church of St. Giles, the
Augustinian
church and the city hall.
In the light of research and taking into account the fact that
Bardejov
city
registers have to date been neglected by Polish historians, the city of
Bardejov
reveals itself to be not only a significant centre of crafts (canvas production),
but most of all, a vibrant cultural centre, to the development of which the
citizens educated at the University of Krakow contributed in many respects.
The relations of
Bardejov
with the cities of Little Poland played a significant
role in the dynamic economic development of the city in the 15th century
and constituted a solid basis for
Bardejov
to enjoy a powerful position on
the Polish-Hungarian borderland of that time.
translated by
Izabela Bakota
& Guy
Torr
|
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| geographic_facet | Kleinpolen Bardejov |
| id | DE-604.BV037213327 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:53:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788361033394 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021127344 |
| oclc_num | 711808921 |
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| physical | 327 s. 24 cm. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
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| publisher | Wydawn. Tow. Naukowego Societas Vistulana |
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| spelling | Sroka, Stanisław A. 1966- Verfasser (DE-588)1055808884 aut Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską Stanisław A. Sroka Kraków Wydawn. Tow. Naukowego Societas Vistulana 2010 327 s. 24 cm. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The relations between Bardejov and Little Poland in the Middle Ages Geschichte 1200-1500 gnd rswk-swf Kleinpolen (DE-588)4098501-5 gnd rswk-swf Bardejov (DE-588)4004566-3 gnd rswk-swf Bardejov (DE-588)4004566-3 g Kleinpolen (DE-588)4098501-5 g Geschichte 1200-1500 z DE-604 HEBIS Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021127344&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021127344&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Sroka, Stanisław A. 1966- Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4098501-5 (DE-588)4004566-3 |
| title | Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską |
| title_auth | Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską |
| title_exact_search | Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską |
| title_full | Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską Stanisław A. Sroka |
| title_fullStr | Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską Stanisław A. Sroka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską Stanisław A. Sroka |
| title_short | Średniowieczny Bardiów i jego kontakty z Małopolską |
| title_sort | sredniowieczny bardiow i jego kontakty z malopolska |
| topic_facet | Kleinpolen Bardejov |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021127344&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021127344&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT srokastanisława sredniowiecznybardiowijegokontaktyzmałopolska |