The Copernican question: prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berkeley [u.a.]
University of California Press
2011
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 681 S. Ill. 27 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780520254817 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Copernican question |b prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order |c Robert S. Westman |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berkeley [u.a.] |b University of California Press |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XVIII, 681 S. |b Ill. |c 27 cm | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a Kepler, Johannes |d 1571-1630 |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Philosophie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Astronomy, Renaissance |z Europe |x History |y 16th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Science |x Philosophy |z Europe |x History |y 16th century | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143758591131648 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
List of Illustrations
/ xi
Preface and Acknowledgments
/ xv
INTRODUCTION
/ 1
The Historical Problematic
1 ·
Summary
and Plan of This Work
9 ·
Categories of
Description and Explanation
17
í
Copernicus s Space of Possibilities
1.
THE LITERATURE OF THE HEAVENS AND THE
SCIENCE OF THE STARS
/ 25
Printing, Planetary Theory, and the Genres
of Forecast
25 ·
Copernicus s Exceptional-
ism
28 ·
Practices of Classifying Heavenly
Knowledge and Knowledge Makers
29 ·
The
Science of the Stars
34 ·
The Career of the
Theorka/
Practica
Distinction
40 ·
Theoretical
Astrology: From the Arabic to the Reformed,
Humanist Tetrabiblos
43 ·
The Order of the
Planets and Copernicus s Early Formation
48 ·
Copernicus s Problematic: The Unresolved
Issues
55
2.
CONSTRUCTING THE FUTURE
/ 62
The Annual Prognostication
62 ·
The
Popular Verse Prophecies
66 ·
Sites of
Prognostication
70
3.
COPERNICUS ANDTHE CRISIS OF THE BOLOGNA
PROGNOSTICATORS,
1496-1500 / 76
The Bologna Period,
1496-1500:
An Undisturbed
View
76 ·
From the Krakow Collegium Maius
to the
Bologna Studium Generale 77 ·
Bologna
and the Horrible Wars of Italy
78 .
The Astrol¬
ogers War
82 ·
Pico against the Astrol¬
ogers
84 ·
Domenico
Maria
Novara
and
Copernicus in the Bologna Culture of Prog¬
nostication
87 ·
Prognosticators, Humanists,
and the
Sedici
93 ·
Copernicus, Assistant
and Witness
96 ·
The Averroists and the
Order of Mercury and Venus
99 ·
Coperni¬
cus s Commentariolus or. Perhaps, the
Theorie
of Seven Postulates
100 ·
Copernicus, Pico,
and
De Revolutíoníbus
103
π
Confessional and Interconjessional
Spaces of Prophecy and Prognostication
4.
BETWEEN WITTENBERG AND ROME
The New System, Astrology, and the End
of the World I
109
Melanchthon, Pico, and Naturalistic Divina¬
tion
110 ·
Rheticus s
Narratio
Prima in
the
Wittenberg-Nuremberg Cultural Orbit
114 ·
World-Historical Prophecy and Celestial Revolu¬
tions
118 ·
Celestial Order and Necessity
121 ·
Necessity in the Consequent
122 «
The Astron¬
omy without Equants
126 ·
Principles versus
Tables without Demonstrations
127 ·
The
Publication of
De Rcvolutianibus: Osiander s Ad
Lectorem
128 ·
Holy Scripture and Celestial
Order
130 ·
De Revolutionibus:
Title and Prefatory
Material
133 ·
The Principal Consideration
139
5.
THE WITTENBERG INTERPRETATION
OF COPERNICUS S THEORY
/ 141
Melanchthon and the Science of the Stars at
Wittenberg
143 .
The Melanchthon Circle,
Rhetkus, and
Albertině
Patronage
144 ·
Rheti-
cus, Melanchthon, and Copernicus: A Psycho-
dynamie
Hypothesis
147 ·
Erasmus
Reinhold,
Albrecht,
and the Formation of the Wittenberg
Interpretation
150 ·
The Prutenic Tables, Pa¬
tronage, and the Organization of Heavenly Litera¬
ture
158 ·
The Consolidation of the Wittenberg
Interpretation
160 ·
The Advanced Curriculum
at Wittenberg
164 ·
Germany as the Nursery
of Mathematics
168 ·
Conclusion
169
6.
VARIETIES OF ASTROLOGICAL
CREDIBILITY
/
171
Marking the Dangers of Human Foreknowl¬
edge
171 ·
Becoming a Successful Prognosti-
cator
172 ·
Multiplying
Genitures
174 ·
From
Wittenberg to Louvain: Astrological Credibility and
the Copernican Question
178 ·
John Dee and
Louvain: Toward an Optical Reformation of Astrol¬
ogy
183 ·
Jofrancus Offusius s Semi-Ptolemaic
Solution to the Variation in Astral Powers
185 ·
Skirting the Margins of Dangerous Divination
190
7.
FOREKNOWLEDGE, SKEPTICISM, AND CELESTIAL
ORDER IN ROME
/
194
De Revolutionibus
at the Papal Court: A Stillborn
(Negative) Reaction
194 ·
The Holy Index
and the Science of the Stars
197 ·
Making
Orthodoxy: Learned Advice from Trent
199 ·
Astrology, Astronomy, and the Certitude of
Mathematics in Post-Tridentine Heavenly Sci¬
ence
202 ·
The Jesuits Way of Proceeding :
The Teaching Ministry, the Middle Sciences,
Astrology, and Celestial Order
204 ·
Clavius
on the Order of the Planets
209 ·
Disciplinary
Tensions
213 ·
Astronomy in a Hexameral
Genre: Robert
Bellarmine 217
in Accommodating Unanticipated,
Singular Novelties
8.
PLANETARY ORDER, ASTRONOMICAL REFORM,
AND THE EXTRAORDINARY COURSE OF
NATURE
/ 223
Astronomical Reform and the Interpretation of
Celestial Signs
223 ·
The New Piconians
226 ·
Mistrusting Numbers
228 ·
The Rise of the
Theoretical Astronomer and the Science of the
New Star of
1572 230 ·
The Generic Location of
the New Star
234 ·
Court Spaces and Networks:
Uraniborg, Hapsburg
Vienna and Prague
236 ·
Hagecius s Polemic on the New Star
240 ·
An
Emergent Role for a Noble Astronomer: Tycho
Brahe
and the Copenhagen Oration
243 ·
Tycho
and Pico, Generic and Named Adversaries
245 ·
The Tychonian Problematic,
1574 247 ·
ATychonic
Solution to Pico s Criticism? Naibod s Circumsolar
Ordering of Mercury and Venus
248 ·
The Comet
of
1577
and Its Discursive Space
250 .
Astrologi¬
cal and Eschatological Meanings of Comets
252 ·
The Language, Syntax, and Credibility of Com-
etary Observation
253 ·
Place and Order, the
Comet and the Cosmos: Gemma, Roeslin, Maestlin,
and
Brahe
254 ·
Conclusion
257
9.
THE SECOND-GENERATION COPERNICANS
Maestlin and Digges
/ 259
Michael Maestlin: Pastor, Academic,
Mathemati¬
cus,
Copernican
259 ·
Maestlin s Hesitations
about Astrology
262 ·
The Practice of Theoriz¬
ing: Maestlin s Glosses on Copernicus
264 ·
Thomas Digges: Gentleman, Mathematical Prac¬
titioner, Platonist, Copernican
268 ·
Digges on
Copernicus in Wings or Ladders
270 ·
(Re)Clas-
sifying the Star
272 ·
The Mathematicians
Court
272 ·
Reorganizing Copernicus
273 ·
Thomas Digges s Infinite Universe Augmenta¬
tion in Leonard Digges s Prognostication Euer-
lastinge
275 ·
The Plummet Passage
278 ·
Conclusion
279
10.
A PROLIFERATION OF READINGS
/ 281
The Emergence of a Via Media
281 ·
Along
the Via Media: Tycho s Progress
286 ·
Nego¬
tiating the Spheres Ontology
288 ·
Rothmann s
Transformation and the First Copernican Contro¬
versy
290 ·
Giordano Bruno: Accademico
di
nulla Accademia detto il Fastidito
300 ·
Bruno s
Visual,
Pythagorean Reading of Copernicus
301 ·
Bruno and the Science of the Stars
305
iv
Securing the Divine Plan
11.
THE EMERGENCE OF KEPLER S COPERNICAN
REPRESENTATION
/
309
The Copernican Situation at the End of the
1580s
309 ·
Counterfactual Kepler
311 ·
Kepler s Copernican Formation at
Tübingen,
1590-1594 314 ·
Kepler s Shift in the Astrono¬
mer s Role
316 ·
Kepler s Physical-Astrological
Problematic and Pico
320 ·
Dating Kepler s
Encounter with
Pico: A
Tübingen
Scenario?
321 ·
The Gold Nugget
323 ·
Prognosticating (and
Theorizing) in
Graz 324 ·
Kepler s Copernican
Cosmography and Prognostication
325 ·
The
Divine Plan, Archetypal Causes, and the Begin¬
ning of the World
328 ·
From Kepler s Polyhe¬
dral Hypothesis to the Logical and Astronomical
Defense of Copernicus
331
12.
KEPLER S EARLY AUDIENCES,
1596-1600 / 336
The
Mysterium Cosmographicum:
The Space of
Reception
336 ·
The
Tübingen
Theologians
and the Duke
337 ·
The German Academic
Mathematicians: Limnaeus and Praetorius
339 ·
Kepler s
Mysterium
and the Via Media Group
341
v
Conflicted Modernizes at the Turn
of the Century
13.
THE THIRD-GENERATION COPERNICANS
Galileo and Kepler
/ 353
Galileo and the Science of the Stars in the
Pisan
Period
353 ·
Galileo and the Wittenberg and Ura-
niborg-Kassel Networks
355 ·
Galileo on Coper¬
nicus: The Exchange with
Mazzoni
356 ·
Galileo
and Kepler: The
1597
Exchange
357 ·
Galileo as
a Maestlinian
360 ·
Paduan Sociabilities: The
Pinelli Circle and the Edmund Bruce Episode,
1599-
1605 362 · 1600:
Bruno s Execution
366 ·
ібоо:
William Gilbert s Project for a Magnetical Philoso¬
phy
368 ·
The Quarrel among the Modernizers:
New Convergences at the
Fin de Siècle
374 ·
Galileo s Silence about Bruno
375 ·
Galileo s First
Run-In with the Inquisition
376 ·
The Coperni-
can Problematic and Astrological Theorizing after
Bruno s Trial
376 .
Kepler s Continuing Search
for Astrology s Foundations
378
14.
THE NATURALIST TURN AND CELESTIAL ORDER
Constructing the Nova
oJi6oą
/ 382
The Predicted Conjunction of the Three Superior
Planets and the Unforeseen Nova of
1604 382 ·
Galileo and the Italian Nova Controversies
384 ·
Honor and Credibility in the
Capra
Contro¬
versy
389 ·
Galileo and Kepler s Nova
391 ·
Celestial Natural Philosophy in a New Key: Kep¬
ler s
De
Stella Nova and the Modernizers
393 ·
The Possibility of a Reformed Astrological
Theorie:
Kepler for and against Pico (Again)
395 ·
The
Copernican Question in the Stella Nova: Kepler
for Gilbert, against Tycho
398 ·
Making Room:
Kepler between
Wacker von
Wackenfels and Tycho
Brahe
399 ·
Generating the Nova: Divine Action
and Material Necessity
400 ·
Summary and
Conclusion
401
15.
HOW KEPLER S NEW STAR TRAVELED
TO ENGLAND
/
403
Kepler s Star over Germany and Italy
403 ·
Kepler s English Campaign
404
vi
The Modernizers, Recurrent
Novelties, and Celestial Order
16.
THE STRUGGLE FOR ORDER
/
419
The Emergent Problematic of the Via
Mo¬
derna
419 ·
Many Roads for the Modernizers:
The Social Disunity of Copernican Natural Phi¬
losophy
423 ·
Along the Via
Moderna
426 ·
Conclusion
433
17.
MODERNIZING THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE
Patronage, Reputation, Learned Sociability,
Gentlemanly Veracity
/ 434
Theoretical Knowledge and Scholarly Reputa¬
tion
434 ·
Patron-Centered Heavenly Knowl¬
edge
436 ·
Patronage at the Periphery: Galileo
and the Aristocratic Sphere of Learned Sociabil¬
ity
440 ·
Florentine Court Sociabilities
442 ·
Galileo s Decision to Leave Padua for Flor¬
ence
447 ·
Stabilizing the Telescopic Novel¬
ties
448 ·
Conclusion: Gentlemanly Truth
Tellers?
454
18.
HOW GALILEO S RECURRENT NOVELTIES
TRAVELED
/ 455
The Sidereus
Nuncius,
the Nova Controversies, and
Galileo s Copernican Silence
455 ·
Through
a Macro Lens: The Reception of the Sidereus
Nun¬
cius
and the Telescope, Mid-March to Early May
1610 457 ·
Kepler s Philosophical Conversation
with Galileo and His Book
460 ·
Galileo s Nego¬
tiations with the Tuscan Court, May
1610 465 ·
Virtual Witnessing, Print, and the Great Resis¬
tance
468 ·
Magini s Strategic Retreat and the
7/n Problem
476 ·
Galileo and Kepler: The
Denouement
477 ·
Scottish Scientific Diplo¬
macy: John Wedderburn s Confutatio
481 ·
Galileo s Novelties and the Jesuits
481
CONCLUSION. THE GREAT
CONTROVERSY
/ 485
Astrological Prognostication and Astronomical
Revolution
486 ·
Copernicans and Master-
Disciple Relations
487 .
Seventeenth-Century
Thoughts about Belief Change
488 .
The End
of the Long Sixteenth Century
489 ·
The Era
of Consolidation: World Systems and Comparative
Probability
492 ·
From Philosophizing Astro¬
nomer-Astrologers to New-Style Natural Philoso¬
phers
495 ·
Weighing Probables: The Via
Mod¬
erna
versus the Via Media at Midcentury
499 ·
The Copernican Question after Midcentury
501 ·
Robert Hooke, Isaac Newton, and the Crucial
Experiment
504 ·
The Copernican Question:
Closure and Proof
510
Notes
/ 515
Bibliography
/ 605
Index
/ 649
In
1543, Nicolaus
Copernicus publicly de¬
fended his hypothesis that the earth is a
planet and die sun a body resting near the
center of a finite universe. This view chal¬
lenged a widespread consensus about the
order of the planets. But why did Copernicus
make this bold proposal? And why did it matter?
The Copernkan Question revisits this pivotal
moment in the history of science and puts politi¬
cal and cultural developments at the center rather
than the periphery of the story. When Coperni¬
cus
Hrst
hit on his theory around 1510, European
society at all social levels was consumed with end¬
less warfare, the spread of syphilis and the plague,
and, soon thereafter, Martin Luther s break with
the Cadiolic church. Apocalyptic prophecies
about the end of the world were rife; the new
technology of print was churning out reams of
alarming astrological prognostications even as as¬
trology came under serious attack in
1496
from
the Renaissance Florentine polymath Giovanni
Pico
della Mirandola.
Copernicus sought to pro¬
tect the credibility of astrology by reforming its
astronomical foundations with a hypothesis that
introduced new uncertainties and engendered
enormous resistance from traditionalists in the
universities. Robert S.
Westman
shows that ef¬
forts to answer Pico s critique became a crucial
unifying theme of the early modern scientific
movement. His interpretation of this long six¬
teenth century,
(rom
the 1490s to the 1610s, of¬
fers a new framework for understanding the great
transformations in natural philosophy in the cen¬
tury that followed.
|
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| author | Westman, Robert S. 1941- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)135780861 |
| author_facet | Westman, Robert S. 1941- |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)706985394 (DE-599)BVBBV037157414 |
| dewey-full | 520.94/09031 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 520 - Astronomy and allied sciences |
| dewey-raw | 520.94/09031 |
| dewey-search | 520.94/09031 |
| dewey-sort | 3520.94 49031 |
| dewey-tens | 520 - Astronomy and allied sciences |
| discipline | Physik Philosophie |
| era | Geschichte 1500-1600 Geschichte 1500-1600 gnd |
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| geographic | Europa |
| geographic_facet | Europa |
| id | DE-604.BV037157414 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:52:45Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780520254817 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2009039562 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021072067 |
| oclc_num | 706985394 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-Y3 DE-210 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-29 DE-Y3 DE-210 |
| physical | XVIII, 681 S. Ill. 27 cm |
| psigel | DHB_BSB_DDC1 DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | University of California Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Westman, Robert S. 1941- Verfasser (DE-588)135780861 aut The Copernican question prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order Robert S. Westman Berkeley [u.a.] University of California Press 2011 XVIII, 681 S. Ill. 27 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Kepler, Johannes 1571-1630 Kopernikus, Nikolaus 1473-1543 (DE-588)118565273 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1500-1600 Geschichte 1500-1600 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Naturwissenschaft Philosophie Astronomy, Renaissance Europe History 16th century Science Philosophy Europe History 16th century Heliocentric astrology Heliozentrisches System (DE-588)4131692-7 gnd rswk-swf Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd rswk-swf Kopernikanische Wende (DE-588)4125587-2 gnd rswk-swf Europa Kopernikus, Nikolaus 1473-1543 (DE-588)118565273 p Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 s Kopernikanische Wende (DE-588)4125587-2 s Heliozentrisches System (DE-588)4131692-7 s Geschichte 1500-1600 z DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021072067&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021072067&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Westman, Robert S. 1941- The Copernican question prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order Kepler, Johannes 1571-1630 Kopernikus, Nikolaus 1473-1543 (DE-588)118565273 gnd Geschichte Naturwissenschaft Philosophie Astronomy, Renaissance Europe History 16th century Science Philosophy Europe History 16th century Heliocentric astrology Heliozentrisches System (DE-588)4131692-7 gnd Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd Kopernikanische Wende (DE-588)4125587-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118565273 (DE-588)4131692-7 (DE-588)4003311-9 (DE-588)4125587-2 |
| title | The Copernican question prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order |
| title_auth | The Copernican question prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order |
| title_exact_search | The Copernican question prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order |
| title_full | The Copernican question prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order Robert S. Westman |
| title_fullStr | The Copernican question prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order Robert S. Westman |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Copernican question prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order Robert S. Westman |
| title_short | The Copernican question |
| title_sort | the copernican question prognostication skepticism and celestial order |
| title_sub | prognostication, skepticism, and celestial order |
| topic | Kepler, Johannes 1571-1630 Kopernikus, Nikolaus 1473-1543 (DE-588)118565273 gnd Geschichte Naturwissenschaft Philosophie Astronomy, Renaissance Europe History 16th century Science Philosophy Europe History 16th century Heliocentric astrology Heliozentrisches System (DE-588)4131692-7 gnd Astronomie (DE-588)4003311-9 gnd Kopernikanische Wende (DE-588)4125587-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kepler, Johannes 1571-1630 Kopernikus, Nikolaus 1473-1543 Geschichte Naturwissenschaft Philosophie Astronomy, Renaissance Europe History 16th century Science Philosophy Europe History 16th century Heliocentric astrology Heliozentrisches System Astronomie Kopernikanische Wende Europa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021072067&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021072067&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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