Sv. Kliment Ochridski: život i delo
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Plovdiv
Fondacija Bălgarsko Istoričesko Nasledstvo
2010
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Srednovekovna biblioteka
4 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Saint Clement of Ohrid: life and works |
| Beschreibung: | 262 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789549198355 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Съдържание
Увод
1
I.
Извори и историография
5
1.
Класификация и характеристика на изворите
7
2.
Историографски преглед на изследванията върху
живота и делото на Климент Охридски
20
II.
Климент Охридски. Биографичен очерк
31
1.
Ранни години
33
2.
Ученик и последовател на Кирил и Методий
43
3.
Климент в България
56
III.
Книжовна дейност на Климент Охридски
127
1.
Оформяне и израстване на Климент като книжовник
129
2.
Книжовното наследство на Климент Охридски
141
3.
Характеристика на Климентовото творчество
165
Заключение
193
Приложения
197
Пространното житие на св. Климент Охридски
199
Краткото житие на св. Климент Охридски
231
Библиография
235
Съкращения
251
Показалец
253
Saint Clement
of
Ohrid:
Life and Works
259
Saint Clement
of
Ohrid:
Life and Works
In
the present study we have attempted to outline the life-work of
Clement of
Ohrid
-
one of the outstanding figures in the history of me¬
dieval Bulgaria.
He was born and brought up amongst Slavs, who during the first
half of the ninth century were still Byzantine subjects. At an early age
he affiliated himself with Cyril and Methodius brothers and devoted his
life to their immortal work
-
the conception and the dissemination of
the Slavonic alphabet. Clement spent more than two decades professing
enlightenment amidst western Slavs as an active participant and assist¬
ant to his mentors in their missionary work in Moravia and
Pannonia.
At the time he suffered vicious attacks on behalf of the German clergy,
which struggled against the burgeoning Slavonic enlightenment, and
which in the long run managed in taking the upper hand thus almost
completely eradicating the achievements of Cyril and Methodius and
their disciples amongst the western Slavs. Still, in the course of all these
years, Clement, though being subjected to numerous ordeals, succeeded
in establishing himself as a skilled preacher, mouthpiece and learner. He
manifested his knowledge and experience with the Slavonic enlighten¬
ment at the fullest during his prolific thirty years long enlightener
s
and
learner s activity in Bulgaria.
His arrival in Pliska was coincidental to a moment of great impor¬
tance as far as Bulgarian self-awareness was concerned. Two decades ear¬
lier Christianity was introduced as an official religious belief in the coun¬
try. This act envisaged to strengthen the ties in the very society in order
to set grounds for the formation of the Bulgarian nationality, as well as
a consolidation of the international prestige. The affiliation of Bulgaria
with the Christian civilization, which was back then regarded as a higher
entity, had its pros and cons. The dissemination of Christianity in the
land was carried out by the Byzantine clergymen, thus giving Byzantium
260 SAINT CLEMENT
OF
OHRID:
LIFE AND WORKS
political leverage. What Byzantine Empire had not managed to achieve
through bicentennial military operations, seemed to materialize itself in
times of peace with the means of the Christian sermon.
The status quo filled the Bulgarian ruler with apprehension and he
devised a detailed plan for opposing the detrimental side effects, which
the introduction of Christianity had on the state. He managed to secure
autonomy of the Bulgarian church from the Constantinople Patriar¬
chate through clever political and diplomatic moves. In the mean time,
Bulgarian youth were instructed with the intention of filling posts in the
clerical hierarchy. One of them was the knyaz son
-
Symeon, who at the
time had been provided with quality education in the capital of the Byz¬
antine Empire. A crucial point in Knyaz Boris plan was winning round
Slav enlighteners, as well as the dissemination of Slavonic writing and
culture in Bulgaria. News on the work of Cyril and Methodius carried in
Moravia and
Pannonia
had been reaching the residence of the Bulgarian
ruler on diplomatic routes and made it possible for Knyaz Boris to su¬
pervise the course of things in these lands, thus enabling him to seize the
opportunity for putting his plan into motion when it was due time. The
occasion presented itself with the expulsion of Cyril and Methodius dis¬
ciples from Moravia. Some of them, including Clement himself beat a
retreat to neighboring Bulgaria, where they hoped to find shelter from
the persecution of the German clergy.
Thus, the first Slav learners made their way into the capital of the
Bulgarian state. Soon they were joined by a number of younger associ¬
ates of theirs who reached Bulgaria after encountering a great too many
vicissitudes on the way. Facing the sudden turn of affairs, Symeon, who
had meanwhile entered monkhood in Constantinople, was summoned
back to his homeland where he forefronted the newly-formed learners
circle in Pliska.
Thus, Symeon lead a group of enlighteners, who had taken on the
task of putting into practice the cultural policy of the Bulgarian rulers,
way before he claimed the Bulgarian throne. At first, the instruction of
a large number of preachers and tutors, familiar with Slav writing and
furnished with clerical books, translated into Bulgarian, was in store. To
this end,
Naum,
who alongside with Symeon topped the in-situ learners
centre, remained in the capital, while Clement was sent to the South-
SAINT CLEMENT OF
OHRID: LIFE
AND WORKS
261
western regions of
the state
so that he could establish a second learners
centre. He was facing the same tasks as those presented with the rest of
the enlighteners who stayed in Pliska.
Clement was dispatched to the Southwestern border for a reason.
He was sent there as responding to the concerns the Bulgarian ruler had
in attempting to incorporate the populace of these regions with the Bul¬
garian nation in the backdrop of the dangerous influences the Byzantine
clergymen on service in Bulgaria had been trying to instill there, as well
as those hailing from
Thessaloniki
and
Drač
-
two major Byzantine cen¬
tres in close vicinity.
One should not forget that the population of these Bulgarian outly¬
ing regions had only been recently incorporated within the state, thus,
being the longest subjected to assimilative efforts on behalf of the Byz¬
antine government.
It is in a precarious situation like this one, that Clement put on a
magnificent display of his talent as a preacher and teacher, being able
in the string of no more than a few years to prepare a great number of
students, as well as organize the translation into Bulgarian and the du¬
plication of books needed for liturgy. His activities along with those car¬
ried out by the metropolitan learners centre provided the opportunity
for the transition from Greek to Bulgarian in liturgy, as well as replac¬
ing Greek with newly-instructed Bulgarian clergymen. As a result Knyaz
Symeon appointed Clement himself, bishop of the people of the Bulgar¬
ian Southwestern region. Hence, he was the first bishop in Bulgaria who
was preaching and servicing public worship in Bulgarian. In this way
Bulgarian church was gradually claimed at the hands of the Byzantine
clergy, which had been replaced by disciples, instructed in Pliska (later
in
Presláv)
and Clement
s
scholastic centre. This way, the process of in¬
tensification of the Byzantine political influence in the state was called
to a halt. Bulgaria set off on the way of an autonomous cultural devel¬
opment. This facilitated the integration in the Bulgarian society and
cleared the path for its ethnic homogeneity.
Discussed and serviced in Bulgarian, Christianity was gaining ground
with the people, turning itself into a universal region, thus improving its
role as an official state ideology. The restructuring Bulgarian society was
in favour of strengthening its own position, which finally resulted in the
262 SAINT CLEMENT
OF
OHRID:
LIFE AND WORKS
formation of a unified Bulgarian nationality. This was the long awaited
for fruit of Knyaz Boris design, which had been as a matter of fact car¬
ried out by his son Symeon.
In fulfilling the tasks, entrusted to him by the Bulgarian ruler, Clem¬
ent made his mark not only as a skilled preacher and teacher, implement¬
ing important state missions in the Southwestern regions of Bulgaria,
not only was he instructing personnel for the Bulgarian enlightenment
and church, but during his final years he took care of the clerical body
and activities in the Southwest Bulgaria in the capacity of an Exarch. In
connection to his work, Clement also gave an expression of his exuber¬
ant literary talent, by contributing numerous laudatory speeches, edify¬
ing texts and clerical chants to the flourishing Bulgarian literature, which
ascertained themselves as a raw models for the upcoming generations of
Bulgarian, Serbian and Russian learners and earned him the status of one
the most prominent writers of the Golden Age.
Throughout a lifetime of work as a teacher, preacher and a cleric
reformist and a bookman and a learner, Clement strived after the cul¬
tural progress of his people, which was to enable the definitive forma¬
tion of the Bulgarian nationality and the inner solidification of Bulgaria.
Clement, along with the other enlighteners, guided by Tsar Symeon, set
grounds for the comprehensive advancement, known as the Golden Age
of medieval Bulgaria.
|
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| id | DE-604.BV036963460 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:51:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789549198355 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020878314 |
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| spelling | Iliev, Ilija 1954- Verfasser (DE-588)142000345 aut Sv. Kliment Ochridski život i delo Ilija Iliev Plovdiv Fondacija Bălgarsko Istoričesko Nasledstvo 2010 262 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Srednovekovna biblioteka 4 In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Saint Clement of Ohrid: life and works Kliment Ochridski 835-916 (DE-588)118563092 gnd rswk-swf Kliment Ochridski 835-916 (DE-588)118563092 p DE-604 Srednovekovna biblioteka 4 (DE-604)BV023398162 4 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020878314&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020878314&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
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| subject_GND | (DE-588)118563092 |
| title | Sv. Kliment Ochridski život i delo |
| title_auth | Sv. Kliment Ochridski život i delo |
| title_exact_search | Sv. Kliment Ochridski život i delo |
| title_full | Sv. Kliment Ochridski život i delo Ilija Iliev |
| title_fullStr | Sv. Kliment Ochridski život i delo Ilija Iliev |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sv. Kliment Ochridski život i delo Ilija Iliev |
| title_short | Sv. Kliment Ochridski |
| title_sort | sv kliment ochridski zivot i delo |
| title_sub | život i delo |
| topic | Kliment Ochridski 835-916 (DE-588)118563092 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kliment Ochridski 835-916 |
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