A history of transplantation immunology:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
San Diego [u.a.]
Acad. Press
2005
|
| Ausgabe: | Transferred to digital print. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XX, 482 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 0121317706 9780121317706 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143680483753984 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xi
Foreword
xv
Dedication
xviii
Acknowledgements
xix
A Note on Nomenclature
xxi
1.
Landmarks in Immunology
1
The Great Early Pioneers
2
Vaccination
2
The cellular hypothesis
3
The humoural school
3
Alexine, the forerunner of the complement system
6
The Discovery of Blood Group Antigens
8
P.B Medawar and the
Immunologie
Basis of Allograft Rejection
8
Tolerance and Autoimmunity
8
The Development of Cellular Immunology
11
The passive (adoptive) transfer of sensitivity
11
The mysterious lymphocyte
13
The
Bursa
of Fabricus and the
thymus: immunologie
finishing
schools
15
Τ
and
В
lymphocytes and their interactions
20
Concurrent Developments on the Antibody Front
23
Theories of Antibody Formation
30
Some Other Important Developments
8
Major histocompatibility restriction
31
В
cell
hybridomas:
the advent of monoclonal antibodies
32
Lymphocyte receptors
-
early speculations
34
The
T
cell receptor
-
structure and function
36
Antigen presentation
39
Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide interactions:
the MHC groove
43
The discovery of cytokines
44
Conclusion
46
References
46
Biographies
53
vi
Contents
2.
The
Immunologie
Basis of Allograft Rejection
56
The Early Years
56
Intrepid surgeons before their time
56
The early tumor biologists
63
The contribution of the geneticists
68
Enter P.B. Medawar: skin transplantation brought to a fine art
70
Rejection Mechanisms
74
Humoral versus cellular: a controversy
74
The allograft reaction as a variant of delayed-type
hypersensitivity
78
The participation of lymphocytes in alloreactivity
79
In vitro reactivity of lymphocytes
81
The effectors of allograft rejection
85
The Chemical Nature of Alloantingens
88
Immunogenicity, the concept of the Passenger Leukocyte, and
Antigen Presentation
91
Immunologically Privileged Sites
100
Are Invertebrates Capable of Allograft Reactivity?
104
References
107
Biographies
116
3.
Blood Transfusion, Blood Groups and Hemolytic
Disease of the Newborn
119
Blood Transfusion Before the Birth of Immunology
119
Karl Landsteiner s Vital Discoveries
120
The ABO blood groups
120
Serologie
specificity
121
Graft-Versus-Host Reactions After Blood Transfusions
122
The Discovery of the Rh System and Hemolytic Disease of
the Newborn
123
Prevention of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn
126
References
129
4.
Immunogenetics: Histocompatibility Antigens
—
Structure and Function
131
The Seminal Influence of Gorer and Snell
131
H-2: its complexity unravelled
133
The Two Locus
Modeî
of H-2: Controversy and Resolution
136
The Early History of
HLA
138
Further Development of the
HLA
System
140
Lymphocyte-defined antigens: H-2IA and HLA-D
142
Class I and II antigens
146
Chemical Structure: Enter the Biochemists and Molecular
Biologists
147
The three-dimensional structure of class I and II molecules
150
The Function of Histocompatibility Antigens
151
In transplantation
151
Contents
Vii
In
HLA
and disease: mapping associations
159
In H-2 restriction and antigen presentation
161
The Minor Histocompatibility Antigens: Minor but Important?
162
The antigen determined by the
Y
chromasome (H-Y)
162
Other minor histocompatibility antigens
166
An Apology and a Comment
168
References
169
Biographies
176
5.
Fetally and Neonatally Induced
Immunologie
Tolerance
182
Evidence from Embryology
182
The Cattle Story: Vital Landmarks and the Concept of
Self/Non-Self
184
Experimental Verification of the Tolerance Concept
188
The Medawar school: early studies
188
The contribution of the
Hašek
school
192
Further development of the concept of neonatal tolerance
195
The null (or neutral ) period
197
The question of specificity
200
The concept of split tolerance
202
Does maintenance of tolerance depend on the continuous
presence of the antigen?
202
The universality of the tolerance phenomenon
205
Mechanisms of Tolerance
207
Clonal deletion
207
Supressive mechanisms
210
Allogenic Tolerance and Self-tolerance
216
Is Tolerance Inherited?
217
Conclusions
218
Addendum
219
References
219
Biographies
226
6. Immunoregulation:
The Search for the Holy Grail
230
The Phenomenon of
Immunologie
Enhancement
231
Enter Microvascular Surgery and the Rat Kidney Allograft
237
Enhancement/Tolerance of Rat Kidneys
239
Class of Antibody involved
240
Specificity
240
The mechanism of enhancement in kidney allograft survival
240
Anti-Lymphocyte Serum
(ALS) 247
Early studies
247
The strange case of anti-reticufar cytotoxic serum
250
The modem study of anti-lymphocyte serum
252
The immunogenicity of anti-lymphocyte serum
256
The mechanism of action of anti-lymphocyte/anti-thymocyte
serum
257
viii Contents
Anti-lymphocyte serum as an adjunct in the induction of
specific tolerance
260
The use of cell-free tissue extracts
263
The anti-lymphocyte story: a summing up
264
The Introduction of Monoclonal Antibody Technology:
Antibody-mediated
Immunoregulation in
the
1980s
and
Beyond
265
Anti
-Т
cell antibodies
266
Monoclonal antibodies to other
Τ
cell markers and to other
cells involved in allograft recognition
269
The use of chimeric or hybrid antibodies
270
The impact of monoclonal antibodies
271
Suppressor Cells
271
First straws in the wind
272
Establishment of the phenomenon of suppression
274
Τ
cell suppression in transplantation
276
Anergy versus suppression: peripheral tolerance
279
Other Interesting Models for the Induction of Tolerance
281
Total lymphoid irradiation
282
Intrathymic inoculation of antigens
284
Mixed allogenic chimerism
289
The curious case of the surviving and tolerogenic livers
289
Conclusion
291
References
292
Biographies
304
7.
Clinical Aspects and Immunosuppression
306
The Dawn of Modern Kidney Allotransplantation
306
The Advent of Immunosuppressive Drugs
310
Azathiprine (Imuran)
310
The use of corticosteroid hormones
313
The cyclosporin era
315
A note about
antilymphocyte
serum or globulin
319
Enter a new drug, FK
606 320
A Note on the Evolution of Cardiac and Liver Transplantation
322
The Blood Transfusion Effect
323
How many
bood
transfusions?
325
Random versus donor-specific blood transfusions
326
Animal models: did they throw light on the mechanisms
invoved?
326
What
mechanism(s)
accounts for the blood transfusion effect?
327
Chimerism and Tolerance
329
References
333
Biographies
338
Contents ix
8.
Graft-
versus-Host
Disease and Bone Marrow
Transplantation
344
Secondary (or Homologous) Disease in Lethally Irradiated Mice
344
The early years
344
The Discovery of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
347
Straws in the wind and a false trail
347
The discovery of graft-versus-host reactivity in chick embryos
-
Simonsen s
salient contribution
349
Discovery of graft-versus-host disease in the mouse by
Billingham and Brent
350
Development of the graft-versus-host concept
352
Homologous (or secondary) disease as graft-versus-host disease
353
The Nature of the Anti-Host Response
354
The cells responsible
355
The role of minor histocompatibility antigens in
graft-versus-host disease
357
Some Clinical Aspects of Bone Marrow Transplantation
359
The pioneering years
360
The graft-versus-leukemia effect
364
Concluding Comments
367
References
367
Biographies
372
9.
Xenotransplantation
377
An Ancient Dream of the Pioneer Surgeons
378
Transplantation of skin
378
Blood transfusion
379
The early kidney transplanters
381
The Middle Era: the Dream Revived
383
The contribution of cancer research workers
383
Reenter the surgeons
384
The Modern Era
387
The concept of accommodation
390
Removal of antibodies
391
A clinical xenogenic liver transplant in the KK
506
era
396
Conclusion
397
References
398
Biographies
401
10.
The Mammalian Fetus: Nature s (Almost) Perfect
Allograft
403
Does the Fetus Lack Antigens?
405
Is the Placenta a Cell-impermeable Barrier?
406
Does Fetal Trophoblast Lack Paternal Antigens, or are they
Masked?
408
Early studies
408
X
Contents
Modern
investigations:
human
leukocyte
antigen-G
(HLA-G)
409
The masking concept
410
The Uterus as an Immunologically Privileged Site
411
Physiologic and
Immunologie
Changes in the Pregnant Female
412
Specific
Immunoregulation 413
Tolerance in Pregnancy?
415
Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions: do they have an
Immunologie
Cause?
416
Conclusion
418
References
419
11.
The Interaction between Immunology and Transplant
Surgery (and Other Matters)
422
The Contribution of Transplantation Immunology to Basic
Immunology
424
The Impact of the Surgeons
425
The Contribution of Transplantation Immunology to Clinical
Transplantation
425
Other Matters
427
References
427
Subject Index
429
Author Index
435
This book is unique in dealing with the history of
transplantation immunology kaleidoscopically, and is
written by an author with an exceptional knowledge of
the topic, and one of the founding fathers of the field.
Those entering the field of transplantation are frequently
unaware of the topic s historical roots and even of the
background on which modern discoveries involving, for
example, tolerance, histocompatibifity antigens and
xenotransplantation are based. Many of the early events
are very colorful, and others surprising. This beautifully
crafted account not only provides enjoyment but, equally
importantly, helps to place the work of contemporary
scientists into its proper context. As such this book will
form fascinating reading for ¡rnmunologists at all stages
in their career, from student to teacher and researcher,
for physicians, surgeons, and for all those with real interest
in science, and how vital discoveries were actually made.
Although transplantation immunology has made some
notable conceptual contributions to the development
of ¡mmunological theory, it is essentially a science that,
even from the earliest years, has flourished because
of the hope of its clinical application. Written by Leslie
Brent, and with a forward by Ray Owen, this book
provides a fascinating account of how tissue and organ
transplantation has become one of the most successful
branches of
iate
twentieth century medicine.
|
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| spelling | Brent, Leslie Baruch 1925-2019 Verfasser (DE-588)140632840 aut A history of transplantation immunology Leslie Brent Transferred to digital print. San Diego [u.a.] Acad. Press 2005 XX, 482 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Geschichte 1900-1997 gnd rswk-swf Transplantationsimmunologie (DE-588)4275245-0 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content Transplantationsimmunologie (DE-588)4275245-0 s DE-604 Geschichte 1900-1997 z Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020871960&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020871960&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Brent, Leslie Baruch 1925-2019 A history of transplantation immunology Transplantationsimmunologie (DE-588)4275245-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4275245-0 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | A history of transplantation immunology |
| title_auth | A history of transplantation immunology |
| title_exact_search | A history of transplantation immunology |
| title_full | A history of transplantation immunology Leslie Brent |
| title_fullStr | A history of transplantation immunology Leslie Brent |
| title_full_unstemmed | A history of transplantation immunology Leslie Brent |
| title_short | A history of transplantation immunology |
| title_sort | a history of transplantation immunology |
| topic | Transplantationsimmunologie (DE-588)4275245-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Transplantationsimmunologie Biografie |
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