Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny: kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Ukrainian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Kyïv
Vydavnyctvo "Šljach"
2005
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Kamʺjana doba Ukraïny
8 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., ukrain. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 184 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9666501902 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text |
ЗМІСТ
ПЕРЕДМОВА
4
L
ІСТОРІЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
5
1.
Вступ
5
2.
Первинне накопичення матеріалів
5
3.
Перші узагальнення
6
4.
Повоєнне покоління
6
5.
Дослідники 70-90-х
8
6.
Від стадіальності до локальності в мезолітознавстві
10
7.
Бум культуротворення
70-80-x
років
1
1
8.
Соціально-економічні реконструкції
12
9.
Підсумок
12
П. ПРИРОДНІ УМОВИ У ФІНАЛЬНОМУ ПЛЕЙСТОЦЕНІ
ТА РАННЬОМУ ГОЛОЦЕНІ
14
1. "
Природно-ландшафтна зональність території України
14
2.
Етапи пізньольодовикового потепління
15
3.
Природні зміни на початку голоцену
17
4.
Проблема чорноморських трансгресій
19
5.
Регіональні особливості топографії, стратиграфії
та крем'яної сировини пам'яток
24
Ш. КУЛЬТУРНИЙ ПОДІЛ ТА ПЕРІОДИЗАЦІЯ ПАМ'ЯТОК
29
1.
Вступ
29 9.
Кудлаївка
69
2.
Фінальний Епігравет
32 10.
Кукрек
74
3.
Осокорівка
38 11.
Яніславиця
82
4.
Білолісся
41 12.
Донецька
89
5.
Східне Лінгбі та Красносілля
44 13.
Гребеники
92
6.
Свідер
51 14.
Платовський Став
96
7.
Пісочний Рів
55 15.
Могильники
8.
Зимівники
62
та антропологія
98
IV.
КУЛЬТУРНО-ІСТОРИЧШ ПРОЦЕСИ НА ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ
У ФІНАЛЬНОМУ ПАЛЕОЛІТІ ТА МЕЗОЛІТІ
101
1.
Культура та етнос у мезоліті
101
2.
Епіграветське підґрунтя фінального палеоліту
102
3.
Балтійська провінція
103
4.
Чорноморська провінція
111
5.
Культурно-історичні провінції України
114
6.
Проблема мезо-неолітичного перехідного періоду
117
V.
НЕОЛГГИЗАЩЯ ТЕРИТОРІЇ УКРАЇНИ ТА ІСТОРИЧНІ ДОЛІ
МЕЗОЛІТИЧНОГО НАСЕЛЕННЯ
120
1.
Південно-східна версія неол ітизації України
120
2.
Балкано-дунайська версія неолітизації
122
3.
Неолітизація Південно-Західної України
126
4.
Неолітизація Буго-Дніпровського межиріччя
за матеріалами стоянки Добрянка
128
5.
Контакти первісних колективів та їх археологічні наслідки
146
6.
Неолітичні мігранти з Побужжя у Києво-Черкаському Подніпров'ї
147
7.
Проблема трансформації мезолітичних культур України в неолітичні
151
VI.
БАГАТОВАРІАНТШСТЬКУЛЬТУРНО-ІСТОРИЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ
ЛЮДСТВА ЗА КАМ'ЯНОЇ ДОБИ
155
ВИСНОВКИ
159
ДОДАТОК: ДАТИ ЗА С"
161
ЛІТЕРАТУРА
164
СПИСОК СКОРОЧЕНЬ
180
SUMMARY
181
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Ukraine is known in Europe by numerous Mesolithic
monuments. Several generations of researches during last
hundred years discovered on the territory of Ukraine
numerous sites which represents about
15
Final Paleolithic
and Mesolimic cultural unites. Many of them were the parts
of famous European Mesolithic cultures. Us a result,
Ukrainian archaeology of Mesolithic developed as a part
of European science.
The book devoted to culture differentiation and
periodization archeology materials from me territory of
Ukraine for reconstruction the culture-historical processes
that took place in the country at the Terminal Paleolithic
and Mesolithic.
At the beginning of Terminal Paleolithic on the whole
territory of a country have been spread the monuments with
the flints of the same Epigravettian or Microgravettian type
(рис.
7, 8).
Ukrainian Microgravette (Epigravette)
represented such famous sites as
Mizin,
Mezhirich,
Dobranichivka, Gintsy, Amvrosivka, Akkarzha,
Volodimirivka etc. It has the right analogies in the European
Magdalenian and Epigravettian and dated from the cold
maximum to the very beginning of Allerod period (about
19-12
thousand B.P.).
Late Molodova culture of the Middle Dniester is the
local version of Ukrainian Microgravettian which arouse
on a base Molodova Gravettian culture (Molodove V site,
level
10-7).
According to O.Chernish,
K.Ivanova,
N.Anikovich, I.Botziyak, L.Kulakovska, L.Zaliznyak the
latest levels Molodove I and V sites dated by the first part
of Terminal Paleolithic
-
Dryas I, Boiling and may be the
very beginning of Allerod period.
So, in the beginning of Terminal Paleolithic the sites of
Microgravettian type known on the whole territory of
Ukraine. But at the end of the period the North of country
was close connection with Baltic region and the South of
Ukraine was me part of Black Sea cultural unite. So, two
quite different cultural worlds developed at the Terminal
Paleolithic in the west part of Eastern Europe.
Polissya lowland of North Ukraine and Byeloruss is
the eastern part of a vast zone of the Middle European
outwash planes which include the lowland territory from
Great Britain to the Desna River. This vast region coincides
with the moraine zone of the Riss and
Wurm
Glaciations
and is characterised by similar climatic and landscape
conditions. Therefore the cultural and historical
development of the North of Ukraine in the Terminal
Paleolithic, as well as in the Mesolithic, was closely related
with the cultural process on the Polish and North German
lowlands
[Зализняк,
1991,
с.
100;
Zaliznyak,
1997,
p.87].
In the second part of Terminal Palaeolithic the cultures
of Tanged points technocomplex
(рис.
12)
spread out on
Middle Europeans lowlands from Thames river to the
Upper Volga and Desna rivers. These reindeer hunters come
on the territory Polissya lowland from the west in Boiling
warming (Hamburg culture) and in the end of Allerod
(Bromme-Lyngby culture)
(рис.
11).
At the very beginning
of the Dryas
Ш
me material culture of Lyngbian newcomers
was transformed to the new Ahrensburgian culture of North
Germany, Swidre and Krasnosillya
(рис.
13-15)
cultures
of Poland and Polissya lowlands.
On the Pleistocene-Holocene verge the giant territory
of the North became free of ice. It stimulated migration
processes to the north direction. As
e
result there were large
changes on the ethno-culture map of Europe about
10
thousand years ago.
In the final Palaeolithic, the Swidrian and
Ahrensburgian hunters were the most northern inhabitants
of Europe. Therefore, they played a decisive role in
conquering vast periglacial territories in North Europe
suitable for inhabitation on the verge of the Pleistocene
and the Holocene upon the Scandinavian glacier
degradation. The migration of the Swidrians and
Ahrensburgians toward the north
(рис.
41)
at that time was
caused by a retirement of reindeer, as the main object of
their hunting. On the Swidrian base at the very beginning
of Holocene arouse giant Postswiderian culture unite which
spread out in Early Mesolithic from Eastern Baltic region
to the North Ural mounts
(рис.
42).
Ahrensburgian hunters of the North-German lowland
partially migrated to Scandinavia and formed genetic bases
for the
Fosna
and Komsa cultures
(рис.
41).
Besides, the
Ahrensburgians partially took part in the formation of such
Mesolithic cultures in South Baltic region as
Magiemose
andDuvensee [Clark,
1975,
p.208; Kozlowski,
1975,
p.36,
110].
In the upper reaches of Dnieper river, the East
Ahrensburg
or Krasnosillya culture was responsible for the
formation of the Pisochny-Riv culture in the beginning of
the Mesolithic
(рис.
18-20)
[Zaliznyak,
1984,1986,1995].
There are three local versions of this cultural unit: proper
Pisochny
Riv
type in Desna basin, Jenevo type in Upper
Volga and Grensk type in Upper Dnieper. The flourish of
mese
units took place in Preboreal and Boreal periods. At
the late Mesolithic in the Middle Desna basin spread
Studenok type monuments with numerous high asymmetric
trapezes
(рис.
21).
The Postswidrian and Postahrensburgian traditions of
flint treatment were living in the forest zone of East Europe
even in early Neolithic. The Postahrensburgian population
(type Studenok) took part in the formation of Neolithic in
the Desna basin [Zaliznyak,
1986,
p.
134].
The
Postswiderian Butovo culture was the base of Upper Volga
comb ceramics Neolithic culture.
In the basin of Prypyat river the Mesolithic started with
the total renewal of population. The Terminal Paleolithic
Swidrian reindeer-hunters migrated in the northeastern
direction following the item of hunting
(рис.
42).
During
Early Holocene there were two waves of population Baltic
culture traditions from the west to Polissay lowlands. In
the Preboreal the inhabitants of the Duvensee culture group
from South Baltic region changed Swiderian hunters. This
population occupied the giant territories of Middle
European lowland from England to the basin of the Desna
river
(рис.
44).
In Polissya it was represented by
181
Залізняк Л.Л. Фінальний палеоліт і мезоліт континентальної України
Kudlaiyvka culture
(рис.
17,28,29),
which in general dated
by Preboreal and Boreal time.
With the beginning of the Atlantic period the
Kudlaiyvka culture population in the basin of the Pripyat
changed by the Janislawice culture
(рис.
35, 36),
which
was genetically connected with the Maglemezian
community of the South-Western Baltic. On the Janislavice
culture basement with the help of Kukrek and the Bug-
Dniester influences from the south in VI millennium
В. С
the Neolithic of the Pripyat basin arouse.
The migration of the Maglemezian population from the
Western Baltic in the southeastern direction started at about
as a result of Baltic transgression. At the beginning of the
Atlantic the bearers of Maglemezian traditions populated
the Poland lowland, the Nieman and the Prypayt river basins
and reached the Dnieper valley as Eastern version of
Janislawice culture. This post-Maglemeze newcomers
moved from the Kiev Polissya along the Dnieper to the
south and southeast to the Dnieper rapids and fare to
Siversky Donets river
(рис.
45).
Janislawice type points were fixed on the Kukrek sites
of the Middle and Low Dnieper valley (Igren
8,
Kinetspol,
Dobryanka, Kizlevy, Sursky etc.) Numerous Janislawice
points fined in the flint implements of Donets culture sites
from Eastern Ukraine
(рис.
46).
This fact evidences about
participation Janislawice migrants in the genesis of the late
Mesolithic Donets culture.
North-Western Ukraine was the specific ethno-cultural
region that was closely connected with the Mesolithic of
Middle European lowlands and the southern Baltic. This
North-Western Baltic cultural province of ancient Ukraine
covers Polissya lowland and neighboring Volinia and Upper
Dniester regions. From Boiling warming
13000
years ago
to the Middle Ages about
15
migration waves of population
moved from the west through the basin of Vistula river to
Polissya and Volinia
[Залізняк,
1997,
с.
24-39]
(рис.
65).
It's Terminal Palaeolithic Hamburgian, Lyngby and Swidre
migrations; Mesolithic
-
Duvensee and Janislawica
populations; Neolithic
-
Linear Band Ceramic, Funnel
Beaker, Globular Amphora newcomers; Bronze Age waves
-
Corded Ware, Trzciniets-Komarovka cultures; Iron Age
-
Lusatian,
Pomeranian, Przewor, Welbar tribes. The
Middle Ages continuation of this ancient migration
processes were expansion to the Dnieper basin of Vikings,
Lithuania, Polish and even Swedish states. Us a result of
this strong and ancient ethno-cultural influences from South
Baltic region to the Slaw homeland between Upper Vistula
and Middle Dnieper the nearest cultural and linguistic
relatives of Slav peoples are their north-west German and
Baltic neighbours.
So, in the Terminal Paleolithic and Mesolithic North
and West of Ukraine was close connection with South Baltic
region. Quite different cultural world developed in mis time
to the south from Kiev to Black Sea coast in Southern
Ukraine. There were group of cultures Postepigravettian
tradition: Osokorivka, Bilolissya, Shan-Koba. The low
trapezes with a step retouch on the upper sides are culture-
determination in Osokorivka flint assemblages
(рис.
9)
dated Bolling-Dryas II time. The rough crescents are
culture-determinate tools of the Belolissya
(рис.
10)
or
Shan-Koba culture from South Ukraine and Crimea. The
nearest analogies of such flint materials are in the flint
complexes of other cultures of the Romanelly-Azilian unity
(Azilian of France, Romanelly of Italy,
Federmesser
of
Germany, Wituw and Tarnovo of Poland, Borshevo II of
Russia, Sosruco of Caucasus), which are dated by Allerod-
Dryas periods.
The Kukrek culture steppe hunters
(рис.
30-33)
that
populated the Black sea lowland from the beginning of the
Mesolithic up to the Neolithic were native there.
Genetically it was connected with the Upper Paleolithic
Microgravette (Epigravette) cultures of the Black seaside.
During the whole Mesolithic and the Early Neolithic the
wide Kukrekean expansion was traced: to the south in the
Crimea mountains, to the east in the Siversky Donets basin,
to the northern along the Bug in Podillya and to the Kiev
Polissya, to the southern-west in the mouth of the Danube
(рис.
17,34).
The Kukrek influences were investigated in
all Late Mesolithic cultures (Murzak-Koba, Donets,
Janislawice, Grebeniky) of steppe and forest-steppe
Ukraine.
The spreading of Kukrek population to the North at the
beginning of Mesolithic was caused by the Early Holocene
transgression of the Black Sea
(рис.
17).
At Atlantic time
Kukrek population moved from South Bug basin to the
Middle Dnieper and Kiev Polissya under the
presser
of
proto-Neolithic (Grebeniky) and Neolithic (Crish, Bug-
Dniester) newcomers from Balkan and Danube region
(Рис.
34).
The powerful Kukrek influences can be traced on flint
industry the Early Neolithic cultures of Ukraine (Bug-
Dniester, Surska, Dnieper-Donets of the Middle Dnieper
region and Kiev Polissya, Tash-Air of the Crimean
Neolithic). This fact allowed to V. Danilenko to make the
conclusion concerning the utterly important role of the
Kukrek in the Neolitization of Ukraine. The evolution of
the Kukrek under the influence of Neolithic newcomers
into the particularly new Neolithic phase of its development
is the best seen in the Azov-sea region and in the region of
the Dnieper rapids. Thus, Surska Neolithic culture has
arisen on the base of Kukrek Mesolithic settlements (Igren
8,
Kamyana
Mogiła)
with food-gathering economy, which
based on aurochs hunting and fishing.
Hence, we have the right to admit the continuation of
the economy and ethno-cultural development in the
Northern Black seaside region from the Upper Paleolithic
Microgravette (Epigravette), through the Mesolithic
Kukrek culture to the Early Neolithic. This succession of
the historical processes on the south of Ukraine can be
noticeably explained by slight nature changes on the border
of Pleistocene and Holocene mat in this region resulted in
the conservation of steppe model of economy adaptation
during the Mesolithic epoch.
In the Eastern Ukraine Zimovniky culture with rough
trapezes on the flakes developed from the beginning of
Preboreal to the end of Boreal time
(рис.
22-27).
The late
Boreal version of this culture (the monument Vyazivok
182
type) in Boreal time spread out in the Middle Dnieper basin
(Vyazivok 4a, Zagay I, Dniprovets).
The Donets culture developed during the Late Boreal
and Atlantic periods in the basin of the Siversky Donets
River
(рис.
37).
It microlithic flint industry resembles the
Kukrek one very much. Such a similarity can be first of ail
explained by the common flint technology, which was based
on the regular conic core for the press microblades. This
autochthonous of East Europe Donets industry was slightly
changed by the Janislawice population from Kiev Polissya,
that partly resulted in the birth of the Donets culture. Most
likely, that in its origin also took part the population of the
Early Mesolithic Zimovnyky culture of Eastern Ukraine.
From the VI millennium
В. С
on the genetic fundament of
Donets culture the Donets comb Neolithic was born.
The appearance of microlithic complexes
Platovo Stav
type
(рис.
39)
on the Lower Donets in the Upper Mesolithic
and Early Neolithic is explained by the influences of the
North Caucasus and North Caspian Mesolithic. Their
distinguishing features are small crescents and trapezes with
two side retouching. The analogical types of microlithics
were spread in Early Neolithic of Low Volga region
(Seroglazovo culture), on the Northern Caucasus, in Kuban
river region, that gives evidence of relation the Neolithic
population of the above-mentioned territories.
The Crimea is the specific ethno-cultural region of
Ukrainian Mesolithic. There are three main cultural
phenomena that developed in the mountainous Crimea of
the above-mentioned period: Shpan-Koba, Murzak-Koba,
Kukrek. The Early Mesolithic Shpan-Koba culture in the
Crimea Mountains during the end of Boreal changed by
the Murzak-Koba culture. The Kukrek population while
existing in the steppes, often moved high to the mountains
and mixed with the mountainous Murzak-Koba'
s
populations on extent of the whole Mesolithic. And it is
from this very mixture the Crimean Neolithic with the flat-
retouched crescents and trapezes arisen.
At least starting from the Terminal Paleolithic and up
to the Eneolithic South-West Ukraine is characterized by
the stable migrations from the Balkans to the north-east
direction. Exactly this very way, situated between the Black
sea and the Carpathian Mountains used the Terminal
Paleolithic population that in Odessa region left the
monuments of Bilolissya type, the population of Crish
Neolithic culture.
Danubian
origins had the Linear Band
Ceramic and Kukuteny-Tripiltya cultures. The influences
from Balkan and Danube region to the South West Ukraine
continue in later periods in the form of Greek colonization,
Thracian, Romanian, Byzantine and Turkish Middle Age
expansions. So, we can say about south-west Balkan-
Danubian culture province of ancient Ukraine.
According to current archaeology data the first
agricultural population come to Europe from me Near East
through Balkans and Danube region. In the 5-th millennium
В. С
the border between the Neolithic newcomers from
Danube region and local hunting tribes in Europe ran along
the south edge of the Middle European lowlands. It was
inappropriate for mattock agriculture and did not attract
Neolithic colonists. But North Germany, Poland, Polissya
_
SUMMARY
lowlands with their forests, rivers and lakes was the very
rich with game and fish. Therefore the ancient hunting and
fishing economy has been preserved there.
However the crisis of a hunting economy forced the
forest hunters and fishermen to adopt different innovations
from more developed south Neolithic neighbours. First of
all, they assimilated the Neolithic technique of pottery
production, the first experience of agriculture and a stock
breeding. Ertebolle, Dubichay, Nieman, Dnieper-Donets
Neolithic cultures arose under the strong influences of
Neolithic newcomers from the Balkan and Danube basin
on local Baltic Mesolithic population.
Numerous facts evidences that appearance of the pottery
as well as the spread of food-production economy in Europe
preceded the process of so-called proto-Neolitization
[39].
This means that specific proto-Neolithic press flint industry
spread out from Eastern Mediterranean to the north in
Europe. The proto-Neolitization of Europe started for about
VIII
millennium
В. С
from Near East through the Balkans
on the territory of Central Europe with some ramifications
on Danube to the northern-east direction on the territory
of right-bank Ukraine.
This proto-Neolithic flint industry is characterized by
regular, single-platform cores for press, regular, enough
wide blades, numerous symmetrical trapezes made from
the sections of the blades. This industry was implemented
on the Balkans from the Near East in the second half of
VIII
millennium
В. С
The oldest samples of such flint
technique we have in the pre-ceramic Neolithic of Thessaly
(Argissa, Sesklo,
Nea
Nikomediya)
[40].
Gradually moving
to the north of mis flint industry traced in the Neolithic
unity Crish
—
Starchevo
—
Keresh, that in VI millennium
В. С
spread in the Carpathian region, in the northern part
of the Balkans and reached the basin of Dniester and South
Bug (Crish, Bug-Dniester cultures). This very industry was
typical for Linear Band Pottery Neolithic, mat at the middle
of VI mil.
В. С
occupied the whole Central Europe from
the Rhine to
Ле
West Ukraine.
The Grebeniky flint implements are typical example of
the above-mentioned press flint industry of the Balkans.
The inhabitants possibly moved on the territory of Odessa
region and Moldova from the Lower Danube region at
VII
millennium
В. С
Some archaeological materials (lower
non-ceramics layers of the Soroky site, Radelichy
2
on the
Upper Dnister) confirm that the proto-NeoIimic press flint
technology starting from
VII
millennium
В. С
together
with the Grebeniky population moved far to the north by
Dnister valley.
The Grebeniky culture population, that during Early
Atlantic occupied the territory of the Northern-West Black
seaside, was the western neighbors of the Kukrek culture.
According to the Kukrek admixtures in the Grebeniky
complexes Odessa region
(рис.
38, 39-41, 71, 72)
the
above-mentioned population had the contacts with
Kukrekean autochthonous of the Black Sea steppes.
The food-production economy came on the territory of
Ukraine by the same way from the Balkan Peninsula
through the Danube basin. We know four main waves of
the Neolithic migrants which rolled from Danube region
183
Залізняк
JIM.
Фінальний палеоліт і мезоліт континентальної України
to the Right Bank Ukraine from
VII
mil. B.C.
: 1 )
Grebeniky,
2)
Crish
-
Bug-Dniester,
3)
Linear Band Pottery,
4)
Kukuteny-Tripillya
(рис.
64).
The oldest Bug-Dniester
Neolithic culture of Ukraine aroused on autochthonic
Kukrek culture base under Grebeniky, Crish or proto-Crish
culture influences at the end of
VII
mil. B.C. The researches
consider it the eastern circumference of the huge Neolithic
unity of the Danube region Karanovo
—
Starchevo
—
Crish
—
Keresh.
Under the press of mentioned newcomers the Bug-
Dniester population settled to the north-east direction and
reached South Polissya and Middle Dnieper
(рис.
34).
According to archaeology materials the neolitization of
Polissya lowland was the result of the south influences of
Bug-Dniester and Kukrek cultures on local Janislawice
substratum. Therefore on the oldest Neolithic sites of
Ukrainian Polissya there are typical pottery with an
ornament of Bug-Dniester type and Janislawice culture flint
implement with the clear Kukrek elements
(Рис.
62,63).
Mesolithic materials from Polissya lowlands have many
parallels with those of the Magiemesian traditions from
the South Baltic region
[Залізняк,
1998,
с.
216-218,240-
247].
Hence, we speak nowadays about the relationship of
Mesolithic population of Baltic lowlands with Mesolithic
inhabitants not only Polissya lowland but Eastern Ukraine
too. The waves of migrations have been traced from west
to east through the basins of the
Odra,
Vistula, Pripet, and
Middle Dnieper rivers. Us a result, the Baltic origin
population of Janislawice culture reached the Siversky
Donets River and spread out the typical Janislawice points
in Eastern Ukraine
(рис.
45,46).
The emergence of massive, North European
anthropological type in the Mariupol type cemeteries of
the Middle Dnieper basin and Eastern Ukraine can probably
be explained with the fact that at the end of the Mesolithic
from the northwest there moved the Janislwice inhabitants,
genetically connected with the Maglemezian population
of the Western Baltic. Thus, the direct anthropological and
archaeological analogues to these cemeteries with the bones
of massive Vovnigy anthropological type we have in the
Western Baltic in the Mesolithic and Neolithic burial places
of the Maglemezian culture tradition population (Vedbaek,
Ertebolle,
Skotteholm
etc.). These massive northern
Europeans anthropology type dominates in the cemeteries
of the left-bank Ukraine steppe Dnieper-Donets culture,
dated back by VI millennium
В. С
So, in the VI-V mil.
В. С
the some kind of barbarian
periphery of Balkan-Danube Neolithic protocivilization
arose to the north of it in the lowlands from the Rhine to
the Siversky Donets River in Eastern Ukraine. It has been
formed on the base of the autochthonous Mesolithic
population which moved from the West Baltic region to
the south-east through
thè
Odre,
Vistula, Pripet, Middle
Dnieper basins to the forest-steppe zone of Left Bank
Ukraine.
It would seem, then, that these Janislawice culture
migrants who came from the northwest to Ukraine formed
the basis for the oldest Indo-European archaeological
cultures of Ukraine in IV-III millennium B.C.
These related cultures of aboriginal hunters and
fishermen Middle European lowlands developed under
strong progressive influence from the Neolithic of Balkan.
Because of this southern influence and a spread of steppes
through the aridization of climate the above-mentioned
local hunting-fishing society of the north Europoids became
to transform in the oldest stock-breeding Indo-European
cultures IV mil. B.C. (Mariupol, Seredny
Stig,
Novodanilovo, Yamna, Funnel Beaker, Globular Amphora
etc.). The stock breeding caused the spread of early Indo-
European culture and languages in the steppe zone of
Europe and Asia in IV-II mil.
В. С
The oldest Indo-
Europeans of the forest-steppe Dnieper region and the left
bank Dnieper settled in the Danube region, on the Balkans,
in Anatolia and also fere to the east by Eurasian steppe to
Mongolia and India.
So, we may speak about the existence of proto-Indo-
European Mesolithic and Neolithic substratum between
Jutland and Eastern Ukraine in VI-V millennia B.C.
[Zaliznyak
1997,
pp.
117-125;
Çào'çiyê,
1998,
с.
248-272;
Zaliznyak,
2005].
184 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Zaliznjak, Leonid Lʹvovyč 1951- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)103286454 |
| author_facet | Zaliznjak, Leonid Lʹvovyč 1951- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Zaliznjak, Leonid Lʹvovyč 1951- |
| author_variant | l l z ll llz |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036888448 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)706854243 (DE-599)BVBBV036888448 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Ukraine |
| id | DE-604.BV036888448 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-20T09:01:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9666501902 |
| language | Ukrainian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020803681 |
| oclc_num | 706854243 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 184 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Vydavnyctvo "Šljach" |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Kamʺjana doba Ukraïny |
| series2 | Kamʺjana doba Ukraïny |
| spelling | Zaliznjak, Leonid Lʹvovyč 1951- Verfasser (DE-588)103286454 aut Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija Leonid Zaliznjak Kyïv Vydavnyctvo "Šljach" 2005 184 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Kamʺjana doba Ukraïny 8 In kyrill. Schr., ukrain. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Mesolithikum (DE-588)4169472-7 gnd rswk-swf Paläolithikum (DE-588)4140148-7 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 gnd rswk-swf Ukraine (DE-588)4061496-7 g Paläolithikum (DE-588)4140148-7 s DE-604 Mesolithikum (DE-588)4169472-7 s Kamʺjana doba Ukraïny 8 (DE-604)BV036888460 8 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020803681&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020803681&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Zaliznjak, Leonid Lʹvovyč 1951- Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija Kamʺjana doba Ukraïny Mesolithikum (DE-588)4169472-7 gnd Paläolithikum (DE-588)4140148-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4169472-7 (DE-588)4140148-7 (DE-588)4061496-7 |
| title | Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija |
| title_auth | Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija |
| title_exact_search | Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija |
| title_full | Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija Leonid Zaliznjak |
| title_fullStr | Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija Leonid Zaliznjak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija Leonid Zaliznjak |
| title_short | Finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoï Ukraïny |
| title_sort | finalʹnyj paleolit i mezolit kontynentalʹnoi ukrainy kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija |
| title_sub | kulʹturnyj podil ta periodyzacija |
| topic | Mesolithikum (DE-588)4169472-7 gnd Paläolithikum (DE-588)4140148-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Mesolithikum Paläolithikum Ukraine |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020803681&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020803681&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV036888460 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zaliznjakleonidlʹvovyc finalʹnyjpaleolitimezolitkontynentalʹnoiukrainykulʹturnyjpodiltaperiodyzacija |