Subcortical structures and cognition: implications for neuropsychological assessment
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York [u.a.]
Springer
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. softcover print. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 405 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780387848679 9780387848662 9780387848686 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143568411951104 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Subcortical structures and cognition
Autor: Koziol, Leonard F
Jahr: 2010
Contents
1 Introduction: Movement, Cognition, and the Vertically
Organized Brain..................................................................................1
A Case of Dementia?........................................................................3
Why Do We Have a Cortico-centric Bias?........................................5
Vertically Organized Brain Systems..................................................6
A Theoretical and Historic Context..................................................9
How to Do Things in a Changing Environment..............................11
When to Do Things—Intention Programs........................................13
Theories of Types of Behavioral Processing and the
Frontostriatal System........................................................................14
Analogous Memory Systems............................................................16
The Phylogenetic Perspective............................................................17
Excitation Versus Inhibition..............................................................19
Adjustment of Motor How —The Changing
Characteristics of Excitation and Inhibition......................................20
Summary............................................................................................22
References............................................................................................23
2 The Basal Ganglia: Beyond the Motor System—From
Movement to Thought........................................................................27
Anatomical Structures and Subdivisions of the Basal
Ganglia..............................................................................................28
Basal Ganglia Circuitry....................................................................33
Specific Projections into the Striatum................................................34
Direct and Indirect Pathways............................................................36
The Subthalamic Pathway................................................................37
The Striosomal Pathway....................................................................38
Basal Ganglia-Subcortical Loops......................................................38
What Does the Cortico-striatal System Do?......................................41
Three Selection Pathways—An Interim Summary............................42
Application of Motor Behavior to Cognition....................................42
Examples of the Frontostriatal System in Operation........................44
Sensitivity to Context: The Basal Ganglia in Learning....................45
ix
x Contents
Higher-Order Cognition and Working Memory..............................46
How Does Working Memory Work?................................................50
Context and Higher-Order Control in Combination........................54
The Basal Ganglia and Automatic Processing..................................55
Alternating Episodes of Automatic Versus Higher-Order
Control..............................................................................................51
An Integrated Cortical-Subcortical Model of Behavioral
Selection............................................................................................58
The Striatum Learns and Mobilizes Procedures................................58
The Prefrontal Cortex Decides upon Behavior..................................59
Pathology/Developmental Disorders................................................61
Summary............................................................................................62
References............................................................................................62
3 Frontal-Subcortical Real Estate: Location, Location,
Location..............................................................................................69
Divisions of the Frontal Cortex and the Anterior Circuits..............70
The Dorsolateral Prefrontal Circuit (DLPFC)..................................71
Orbitofrontal Circuit (OFC)..............................................................75
The Medial Frontal Circuit (MFC)/Anterior Cingulate
Circuit................................................................................................77
The Motor Circuits............................................................................79
Motor, Cognitive, Motivational, and Affective Analogues..............80
Frontal System Syndromes................................................................82
Summary............................................................................................90
References............................................................................................90
4 Learning and the Basal Ganglia: Benefiting from Action
and Reinforcement..............................................................................95
The Basal Ganglia and Learning......................................................96
The Inferotemporal and Parietal Loops............................................100
Categorization and Classification..............................101
Positive and Negative Reinforcement Learning................................108
Summary............................................................................................118
References............................................................................................119
5 The Cerebellum: Quality Control, Creativity, Intuition,
and Unconscious Working Memory....................................................125
Surface Anatomy of the Cerebellum..................................................126
Cortex and Cerebellum—Superficial Comparison
of Infrastructure................................................................................128
Infrastructure of the Cerebellum......................................................129
The Cerebellum and Non-Motor Functions......................................131
The Cerebellum in Procedural Learning............................................133
Contents xi
The Cerebro-Cerebellar Circuit........................................................134
The Cerebellum and the Principle of Lateral Crossed
Control..............................................................................................137
The Olivo-Cerebellar System............................................................137
Theories of Cerebellar Function........................................................138
A Hybrid Model of Cerebellar Function..........................................140
Three Brain Systems in Parallel........................................................142
Dysmetria—What Does It Signify?..................................................143
Working Memory, Expertise, Creativity, and Giftedness................145
Clinical Presentations........................................................................148
The Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome..................................149
The Posterior Fossa Syndrome..........................................................151
Agenesis of the Cerebellum................................................................153
Very Pre-Term Infants......................................................................153
DSM-IV Behaviorally Defined Conditions......................................154
The Cerebellum as a Modulator........................................................155
Dysmetria—Undershooting and Overshooting—An
Important Paradigm..........................................................................157
Summary............................................................................................157
References............................................................................................158
6 Automaticity and Higher-Order Control in Communication:
A Brief Introduction to Language and Social Cognition......................167
Gesture, Communication, and Speech..............................................169
The Declarative-Procedural Model of Language..............................171
Social Cognition—Automatic and Higher-Order
Control Systems................................................................................174
Reflexive and Reflective Systems......................................................177
Social Intuition, Social Skill, and Non-Verbal
Communication................................................................................178
Implications of Dual-System Models for Social Cognition
and Language....................................................................................180
Summary............................................................................................182
References............................................................................................183
7 The Vertically Organized Brain in Clinical Psychiatric
Disorders............................................................................................187
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder........................................................191
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder..........................................194
Schizophrenia....................................................................................199
The Basal Ganglia in Schizophrenia..............................................200
The Cerebellum in Schizophrenia..................................................202
Mapping Anatomy and Symptomology........................................203
jj Contents
Other Clinical Disorders....................................................................205
Autism Spectrum Disorder............................................................205
Mood Disorders............................................................................207
Alzheimer s Disease........................................................................207
Summary............................................................................................208
References............................................................................................209
8 Familiarity and Novelty—Evaluating the Frontostriatal
System................................................................................................219
The Frontostriatal System................................................................221
The Frontostriatal System in Operation............................................223
Interpretation Paradigms..................................................................224
Dynamically Changing Locus of Control..........................................225
Neuropsychological Testing and the Frontostriatal
System................................................................................................226
Test Methodologies for Identifying the Integrity of
the Frontostriatal System..................................................................228
Verbal Fluency Tasks........................................................................232
The Stroop Color Word Test............................................................233
Traditional Frontal Lobe Problem-Solving Tests..........................235
Task Comparisons............................................................................243
Continuous Performance and Go-No-Go Tasks..............................245
Commonly Used Neuropsychological and Cognitive Tests:
What Do They Measure?..................................................................249
Summary............................................................................................251
References............................................................................................252
9 Thought in Action: Procedural Learning, Processing Speed,
and Automaticity................................................................................257
Processing Speed................................................................................259
The Measurement of Processing Speed..............................................260
Processing Speed—A By-Product of Cognitive/Executive
Control..............................................................................................262
Practice Effect....................................................................................263
Types of Practice Effect....................................................................265
Procedural Learning in Neuropsychological Evaluation..................268
The Wechsler Mazes......................................................................269
Trailmaking Tests..........................................................................270
Perceptual-Motor Skill Learning......................................................271
Subcircuit Differentiation..................................................................272
Motor Adaptation............................................................................273
Summary............................................................................................274
References.............................................. 274
Contents xiii
10 The Basal Ganglia and Neuropsychological Testing............................277
Interpretation Paradigm....................................................................280
Level of Performance........................................................................281
Test Score Comparisons/Pattern Analysis........................................281
Pathognomonic Signs........................................................................282
Body-Side Comparisons....................................................................282
Clinical Case Examples......................................................................283
Case 1 ............................................................................................283
Case 2............................................................................................293
Case 3............................................................................................298
Case 4............................................................................................304
Case 5............................................................................................310
Summary............................................................................................316
References............................................................................................317
11 The Cerebellum in Neuropsychological Testing..................................321
Clinical Case Examples......................................................................322
Case 1 ............................................................................................322
Case 2............................................................................................330
Case 3............................................................................................337
Case 4............................................................................................347
Summary............................................................................................360
References............................................................................................360
12 The Integrated Brain: Implications for Neuropsychological
Evaluation..........................................................................................363
It s Not All Cortex - It s the Flexibility
of Interaction....................................................................................365
Clinical Applications..........................................................................368
References............................................................................................377
Index..........................................................................................................381
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| spelling | Koziol, Leonard F. Verfasser aut Subcortical structures and cognition implications for neuropsychological assessment Leonard F. Koziol ; Deborah Ely Budding 1. softcover print. New York [u.a.] Springer 2010 XIII, 405 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd rswk-swf Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd rswk-swf Kognition (DE-588)4031630-0 gnd rswk-swf Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd rswk-swf Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 s Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 s Kognition (DE-588)4031630-0 s Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 s DE-604 Budding, Deborah Ely Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020781648&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Koziol, Leonard F. Budding, Deborah Ely Subcortical structures and cognition implications for neuropsychological assessment Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Kognition (DE-588)4031630-0 gnd Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4019752-9 (DE-588)4045981-0 (DE-588)4031630-0 (DE-588)4135740-1 |
| title | Subcortical structures and cognition implications for neuropsychological assessment |
| title_auth | Subcortical structures and cognition implications for neuropsychological assessment |
| title_exact_search | Subcortical structures and cognition implications for neuropsychological assessment |
| title_full | Subcortical structures and cognition implications for neuropsychological assessment Leonard F. Koziol ; Deborah Ely Budding |
| title_fullStr | Subcortical structures and cognition implications for neuropsychological assessment Leonard F. Koziol ; Deborah Ely Budding |
| title_full_unstemmed | Subcortical structures and cognition implications for neuropsychological assessment Leonard F. Koziol ; Deborah Ely Budding |
| title_short | Subcortical structures and cognition |
| title_sort | subcortical structures and cognition implications for neuropsychological assessment |
| title_sub | implications for neuropsychological assessment |
| topic | Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Kognition (DE-588)4031630-0 gnd Neuropsychologie (DE-588)4135740-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gehirn Physiologie Kognition Neuropsychologie |
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