Magare: [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.]
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Croatian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Makarska
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The donkey |
| Beschreibung: | 204 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789537139087 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1806961825782169600 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
KAZALO
UVOD
.
MAGARE I ČOVJEK
KROZ POVIJEST
.
•
Legende i mitovi
•
U Svetom pismu
•
U životopisima
svetaca
•
U betlehemskoj štalici
•
U zakonodavstvu
•
Bilješke
О
MAGARCU
.
•
U rječnicima
i enciklopedijama
•
Porodica i vrste
•
Osobine
•
Koristi
MAKARSKO
PRIMORJE
.
•
Život i rad
•
Sjećanje
Lenke
Gareljić
•
Sjećanje
Zorke Granić
•
Sjećanje
Marije Spajić
•
Sjećanje
Ive Puharića
•
Nazivi, imena
•
Terminologija
33
45
•
Oprema
•
Smještaj i prehrana
•
Berekinade
•
Dječje igre
•
Kupovina
•
Tužan kraj
•
Biokovo
•
Led ari
•
Statistika
•
Vjerovanja
•
Sveci zaštitnici
•
Crtice iz
Makarskog primorja
•
Izreke
•
Magare kao
likovni motiv u
Makarskom primorju
•
Na izložbi
•
Grb
Topica
•
Posljednji magarci
u Makarskom primorju
.Gornja Brela
.Brela
.Topici
.Makar
.Podgora
.Živogošće
.Zaostrog
.Brist
.Gradac
.Baćina
•
Bilješke
SVEPRISUTNO
MAGARE
.
Ί05
•
Magareća klupa
•
Magareće godine
•
Magareće uši
•
Magareća godina
•
Buridanov magarac
•
Magareći most
•
U
onomastici
i toponimiji
•
U zoologiji
•
U botanici
•
U strojarstvu
•
U arhitekturi
•
U astronomiji
•
U gastronomiji
•
U tjelovježbi
•
Poslovice
-
mudre izreke
•
Aforizmi
•
Zagonetke
•
Vicevi
•
U filateliji
•
U numizmatici
•
U heraldici
•
U simbolici
•
Zaštitni znak,
maskota,
logo
•
U astrologiji
•
U ručnim radovima
•
Na omotima
r&r albuma
•
U križaljkama
•
Suveniri
•
U malim oglasima
•
U likovnoj
umjetnosti
•
Na filmu
•
U
TV
serijama
•
U
TV
reklamama
•
U kazalištu
•
U stripu
•
U fotografiji
•
U karikaturi
•
U poeziji i glazbi
•
U narodnim
pjesmama
•
U narodnim
pričama
•
U basnama
•
U antičkoj književnosti
•
U dječjoj književnosti
•
U novijoj i suvremenoj knji¬
ževnosti
•
Zanimljivosti
о
magarcu
•
Spomenici
•
Bilješke
SPASIMO MAGARE!
.152
•
Suradnja
s
djecom
•
Na kraju
THE DONKEY
.159
(Prijevod: S. Raffanelli)
KATALOG IZLOŽBE
«MAGARE»
.167
IZVORI
I LITERATURA
.187
SURADNICI
.203
159
THE DONKEY
Despite a really difficult life the don¬
key has always carried a certain bur¬
den and has been faithful to the mas¬
ter. Even though donkeys have always been
members of every family and people gave
them human names they have actually been
preoccupied, irregularly fed, beaten, humilia¬
ted and ridiculed. It is interesting that even in
everyday communication it is usually said
that someone is stupid, lazy, stubborn
-
just
like the donkey, but no one has ever said:
hardworking like the donkey and that
is the only truth.
This hardworking animal, whose eyes are
always sad because of the huge harm that has
always followed it, is not needed anymore,
the donkey has become a kind of "technologi¬
cal surplus". Even though donkeys still
belong to the living species, they are old and
outworn and we behave to them just like
those before us who used to throw them in the
sea or chasms when they did not need them
anymore
-
today we also allow that this auto¬
chthonous species slowly dissapears, loosing
the
non
equal battle with the brass horse
power. The donkey's name has only been pre¬
served in some phrases and proverbs.
Despite the fact that donkeys are even more
enduring they have never been as worthy as
horses. Donkeys have never got anything for
free, neither a compliment nor food, they had
to deserve and earn everything with their hard
work, nourishing all of us through generati¬
ons. People could grow olives and wine gra-
pes, that were actually the basis of the
Dalmatian economy only with their help,
effort and endurance.
How is it possible that the mostly Christian,
Dalmatian people have devaluated this animal
that was necessary in the sacred family, that
carried pregnant Maria and followed Jesus
from the first day through his whole life?!
Children, honest and uncorrupted, have
always been the only ones that liked this ani¬
mal, and even though this fact is not of any
use it is a kind of justice for this poor animal.
Today in
Dalmaţia
the contemned and insuffi¬
ciently respected donkey can be rarely seen.
Just like contrary to the reality the donkey's
figure has lately been used as a symbol and
logo of different associations, sport organiza¬
tions, television and radio stations, but also
certain monuments have been raised and that
is actually the proof that this animal slowly
disappears. Because the monuments are not
raised if someone is still alive. What are these
monuments dedicated to donkeys actually
for? What is actually the purpose of this
book? We will never be able to thank this ani¬
mal enough
-
but at least we can try.
The donkey and
the man through
the history
Thanks to the archeological explorations
today it is possible to prove with certain
material arguments and proofs the basic pha¬
ses of the development of the man and his
surrounding. The man of the Paleolithic peri¬
od and Stone Age was a food collector,
nomad and primarily wild animal hunter. He
would make his weapon and tool by simple
finishing of stone and flint fragments found in
the nature and the caught animals were used
for nourishment. Among those proofs are also
the bones of Equidae
-
extincted ancestors of
horses and donkeys, dated very early and
through the process of domestication and bre¬
eding the later species appeared.
At the end of the Stone Age the ice cover
drew back and retained on the
normest
part of
the country and the wider Mediterranean area
160
Gradski muzej Makarska
·
MAGARE
turned into meadows and pasturages placed
close to rivers, lakes and seas. The such cli¬
matic changes also caused changes in the way
of life and the new conditions enabled the
possibility of developing some new plant and
animal species. The wandering communities
grouped themselves and started to settle close
to water and to build the first primitive habi¬
tats. The plant cultivation brought to the
beginning of agriculture as an easier way of
insuring nourishment and even the longer
staying on one position enabled the process of
animal domestication. In the Neolithic period
donkeys became domestic animals, together
with the existence of their wild relatives.
They were used not just for nutritional but
also for working purposes and that has not
changed until today.
The importance of donkeys in everyday life
has been confirmed through various art pre¬
sentations
-
reliefs, figures, drawings that
were becoming more numerous in the antique
period so that we can find them even on the
coins, lights, jewellery etc. Donkeys are also a
part of the Greek and Roman mithology, bio¬
graphies of the saints and numerous itinerari¬
es through the centuries.
Donkeys are also to be found in the Sacred
Scripture as the participants of all important
events and are also mentioned in the Ten
Commandments. The oldest codes like the
prominent Hamurabi's code take donkey as
an example in different regulations. The same
thing is with the Croatian legislations, donkey
is mentioned in the Split,
Dubrovnik
and
Trogir
Statute from the 13th and 14th century.
In the Croatian area the first written document
in which the donkey was mentioned was the
Statute of the island and town of
Korčula
from
1214
in which the punishment for the
donkey's owner whose donkey destroyed
someone else's crops plantations was determi¬
ned.
Family and types
According to zoological classification the
donkey (equus asinus) belongs to the category
of mammals (mammalia) and is a member of
the horse family (equidae). Horses, zebras and
half donkeys also belong to this family.
Crossbreeding of a female horse and male
donkey produces a mule and crossbreeding of
the female donkey and male horse produces a
hinny. Both mule and hinny are unfertile and
because of that do not represent special speci¬
es.
The domestic donkey is a domesticated wild
donkey that used to live in the area of Africa
and still exists there in the form of the Nubian
wild donkey and Somali wild donkey.
The donkey was domesticated before the
horse and represents the first animal used for
carrying of cargo. The beginning of domesti¬
cation refers to the Nile valley and
Mesopotamia from which over the Asia
Minor donkeys came in the first
millennium
ВС.
According to the newest explorations donkeys
that live in the area of the Republic of Croatia
can be divided into two groups:
1.
The
Primorje - Dinara
donkey
2.
The donkey from
Kvarner
and
Istria
Dalmatian donkey is the most numerous
group of donkeys in our country and is raised
on the stony terrain of
Dalmatinska zagora,
in
the coastal area from the
Krka
to
Neretva
river as well as on the Dalmatian islands.
Characteristics
Donkeys are extremly patient and enduring
animals that excellently manage to survive on
mountainous terrains. They rememeber the
paths and ways they have already been to
quite well but also remember places where
something unpleasant happened to them and
try to avoid such places or just stop and do
not want to continue.
The donkey's senses are highly developed,
especially the sense of smell and because of
that easily finds food and water and feels the
THE DONKEY
161
female at
1000
m
distance. The donkey can
differ four tastes: bitter, salty, sour and, his
favourite, sweet.
Donkeys have a very strong sexual impulse
but their free satisfaction is not allowed. The
copulation is possible through the whole year
but is still the most common in the spring.
The female donkey carries a foal for a year
and that period lasted too long for the poor
farmers and because
ofthat
they mostly used
castrated donkeys.
Donkeys reach their full working activity at
the age of
4.
They can carry up to
120
kilo¬
grams and that is much above their weight.
Donkeys can live
30
years,
exceptionally even
40.
Benefits
The period of donkey's work commitment is
gone. It will be mostly remembered as an ani¬
mal that transported people and cargo, turned
the mill wheel, sometimes even dragged a
carriage or plough.
It was of a great help to roadmen, soldiers,
priests, archaeologists, meteorologists, far¬
mers
-
to everyone.
Donkey's dung is a wanted product on the
market. As a quality fertilizer it is mostly used
for fertilization in greenhouses.
Donkeys were mostly raised for the producti¬
on of mules and hinnies that were later expor¬
ted into neighboring countries where they
were sold for high prices.
Observing of donkey's behaviour helps us to
predict some weather changes. Before the rain
donkeys are absorbed in play and eat heartily.
When it rains they turn their heads towards
the rain, spread their eyes and stand without
any motion.
Donkeys were useful even after they died.
Their flayed skin was used for making the tra¬
ditional peasant shoe called opanak, belts and
drums. In Medieval times the donkey's skin
was the most suitable for making of par¬
chments.
The presence of donkeys in our world is real¬
ly important for preserving of biological vari¬
eties and balance in nature as well as for other
useful activities in medicine, tourism, cosme¬
tics and many others. It is well known that
Cleopatra used to bath in donkey's milk that
helped her to preserve her beauty and softness
of her skin and she had around
500
of them.
Even today donkey's milk is used in the pro¬
duction of different medical and cosmetic pre¬
parations that help against skin problems. The
hooping cough, also known as donkey's
cough, mostly attacks children until puberty
and is healed with donkey's milk. That milk is
nutritious, acts anti-cancerogenic and is anti-
inflammatory, also acts against asthma, bron¬
chitis and other respiratory diseases. It also
acts against stomach problems, improves
immune system, bone growth, helps in pre¬
vention of arteriosclerosis and some other
vascular diseases and also have some aphrodi¬
siac characteristics.
Donkey-riding therapy is good for healing of
different traumas and depressions and some
people also say that contacts with donkeys
have healing and anti-stress effects.
Even though the public is against it the don¬
key's meat is still a gastronomic speciality in
the Mediterranean and Arabic countries and
also in Croatia, especially in
Istria.
The don¬
key's meat is an ingredient of smoked and
cured meats in the whole world and is consi¬
dered to be of a better quality and taste than
the horse's meat and contains more proteins
and less fat.
In tourism the donkey is used as an attraction
in the photo safaris, sports competitions and
different manifestations, either painting or
riding. Donkeys are also used as a theme on
numerous souvenirs and we can find them on
shirts, cups, postcards, notebook covers or as
a figure made of wood, metal, plaster, stone.
In the area of
Makarska
Littoral donkey races
are organized during Fisherman's nights or as
a separate manifestation in Dalmatian towns.
162
Gradski muzej Makarska
·
MAGARE
The Makarska
Littoral
For the poor peasants of the
Makarska
Littoral the cattle was of a great importance
for everyday life. The donkey was the one to
carry burden during agricultural work, lugga¬
ge and passengers, the sick and everything
needed. Each house had at least one donkey.
People used to borrow donkeys from each
other, especially during construction works
when it was necessary to carry a lot of con¬
struction material and the charge was mostly
paid in oil.
Donkey's dung was very important and valu¬
able, women and children used to collect it
for fertilizing fruit and vegetables.
Donkeys were used for transport between
neighboring places and people mostly went to
Makarska
for some legal acts, to visit a doctor
or just to go to the market. There was a public
market on the position of today's
Andrija
Kaćić Miošić
square and people not just from
the area of
Makarska
but also from
Vrgorac,
Imotski
and the
Neretva
region used to go
there trying to buy or sell something. Before
World War II there were no buildings on the
position of today's market, it used to be a
lawn that served as a "parking place" for don¬
keys and mules. Their owners would leave
them there while they were trading on the
market. Near the market, on the position cal¬
led
Žbare,
it is still possible to see chain links
(aneli)
for which donkeys used to be fastened.
Donkeys lived in stables, wooden or stone
houses near human houses. They were mostly
nourished with grass brought by women from
the Biokovo mountain. Women used to dry
grass for winter. Donkeys were mostly bought
on different fairs in
Dalmaţia
and Dalmatian
zagora and their owners would bring them
home on foot.
When a priest came to bless houses he also
blessed stables and donkeys. On St. John's
Day, June
24,
donkeys and other cattle were
taken to the sea and washed. That was also
the beginning of the bathing season even for
the people.
The so-called
puliéi
(young donkeys) were
very rare because poor people could not
afford themselves to nourish them until they
become capable of working. Because
ofthat
donkeys were castrated very often.
Donkeys shared with people good and evil,
survived different wars, earthquakes, fires.
They were also used for fun and often dressed
for carnivals.
After the big earthquake in
1962
the inhabi¬
tants of the
Makarska
Littoral came down to
the coast and donkeys stayed in stables near
destroyed houses. Their owners were still
using them but after a while it became
unpractical to keep donkeys away from their
place of living and the regulations forbade
donkeys to live in the tourist zone and that
almost caused a total disappearance of this
until recently irreplaceable animal. Despite
the facts that donkey's endurance could still
help us a lot it is mostly replaced by cars. A
few donkeys still living in this area are main¬
ly idle, they amuse tourists and wait for their
natural ending.
There are many phrases that speak about con¬
nection between the donkey and man
-
phra¬
ses and anecdotes from everyday life. We are
going to mention the two of them.
There is a story that says that
Fra Karlo
Jurišić,
while he was a pastor in
Veliko Brdo,
animated their parishioners to take care of
their donkeys, to use and not to sell them.
After he went serving to some other place he
met a woman from
Veliko Brdo
who said to
him:
"
Dear
Fra Karlo
there isn't any donkey
in
Veliko Brdo
since you left the place!".
Neighbours used to borrow donkeys to each
other and it was a custom to "pay" the used
donkeys by putting some grass or brushwood
on the saddle. After finishing their work don¬
keys would go home alone. But one man from
Podgora "forgot" about that custom and sent a
donkey home without grass. As the donkey
was approaching the stable it stopped for
some unknown reason and did not want to go
further. When the neighbours saw the donkey
standing they said: "The donkey does not
want to go home, it is ashamed to come home
without salary!"
The artists have not forgotten about donkeys.
They are an important part of the county
ambience and are presented in the works of
THE DONKEY
163
Josip
Botterri,
Antun Gojak, Mladen Veža,
Dragan Vesković, Joko Knežević
but also of
different younger authors like
Desa
Marijeta,
Cecilia Holtgreve,
Petar Glamač, Ivo Glavina,
Roko Čizmić,
Vanja
Srzić.
.
The donkey can
be seen on the mosaic of Joko
Knežević
in
front of the town hall in Podgora, on the stai¬
ned glass window of
Miroslav Klarić
in
Topici, in
the shallow relief in front of the
hotel "Lav" in
Makarska
and as a big stone
sculpture made by
Anđelko Titlić
in
Drvenik.
Today (middle of the year
2008)
there are
12
donkeys in the coastal are of the
Makarska
Littoral: one in Brela, one in
Makar,
one in
Podgora, one in
Živogošće,
two in Zaostrog,
three in
Brist,
two in
Gradac
and one in
Bacina.
There are also a few of them on the
farms in
Gornja
Brela and on
Staza
on the
Biokovo mountain.
Donkey's ears is an expression used for mes-
sily bent sheets of books and notebooks.
Donkey's year is a meteorological term used
for a year in which it rains a lot during the
spring, grass grows and donkeys have
enough food to eat.
The omnipresent
donkey
The donkey is presented in the art of the earli¬
est civilizations, in the legends and myths of
Greek and Rome, the Bible, biographies of
the saints, stable of
Betlehem,
laws and regu¬
lations, itineraries, dictionaries and encyclo¬
pedias, everyday life, gastronomy, medicine,
statistics, beliefs, local phrases etc. Donkeys
are also present in almost every category of
human life: the name of donkey is used to
specify certain terms in everyday speech and
different branches of science, it is used as a
symbol, comparison, parallel in all human
activities from the earliest times and its por¬
trait in art and literature has been so often
presented that it is impossible to explore and
record their omnipresence.
Just a few examples:
Donkey's bench is an expression used for the
bench or seat in the class on which sits a
pupil punished for his behaviour and learning.
Donkey's years is a period of puberty (teenage
years) during which children are confused,
anxious, rebellious and stubborn.
Save the donkey!
There has been an organization called
Hrvatski tovar
(Croatian donkey) for the pro¬
tection of donkeys established in Tribunj a
couple of years ago. On the island called
Lukovnjak donkeys got their natural
reservat
and the organisation from Tribunj takes care
of them. There is also an organisation called
Tišnjanski tovar
(Donkey from
Tisno)
from
Tisno
and also in the field
Tisno
and Tribunj a
special park for donkeys has also been arran¬
ged.
There is the first donkey's
reservat
called
Liburaija
Veleta
in the valley of
Raša
in
Istria
but there is also the donkey's farm
Dar
-
mar
near
Zadar
that produces donkey's milk. On
the island of
Brač
there is also an organization
called
Sveti Juraj
that takes care of donkeys.
In the last couple of years different parades,
manifestations, exhibitions and seminars dedi¬
cated to donkeys have been organized all over
Croatia and every day more and more organi¬
zations and individuals are interested in their
protection. But that is actually not enough, it
is necessary to unite all similar organizations
and to decide about one general strategy that
would strongly emphasize the exceptional
necessity of preserving this animal species
both in Croatia and abroad.
The life on this planet develops thanks to the
interaction between man and plant and animal
species. Different ecosystems enable us to
have clean water, oxygen and rich food sour¬
ces. The human population growth, develop¬
ment of technology and gradual climate chan¬
ges cause destruction of woods, water polluti¬
on and wasting of natural food sources faster
than it is possible to regenerate them. The
extinction of some plant and animal species
also causes imbalance in nature, changing of
our landscape but also losing of the identity |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036850275 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)706029205 (DE-599)BVBBV036850275 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4135467-9 Ausstellungskatalog 2009 Makarska gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Ausstellungskatalog 2009 Makarska |
| geographic | Kroatien (DE-588)4073841-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kroatien |
| id | DE-604.BV036850275 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-08-10T01:24:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789537139087 |
| language | Croatian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020766254 |
| oclc_num | 706029205 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 204 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Magare [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.] Gradski Muzej Makarska. [autorica izložbe i kataloga] Ana Kunac Makarska 2009 204 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The donkey Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Esel (DE-588)4153027-5 gnd rswk-swf Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd rswk-swf Kroatien (DE-588)4073841-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4135467-9 Ausstellungskatalog 2009 Makarska gnd-content Kroatien (DE-588)4073841-3 g Esel (DE-588)4153027-5 s Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 s Geschichte z DE-604 Kunac, Ana Sonstige oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020766254&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020766254&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Magare [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.] Esel (DE-588)4153027-5 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4153027-5 (DE-588)4125698-0 (DE-588)4073841-3 (DE-588)4135467-9 |
| title | Magare [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.] |
| title_auth | Magare [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.] |
| title_exact_search | Magare [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.] |
| title_full | Magare [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.] Gradski Muzej Makarska. [autorica izložbe i kataloga] Ana Kunac |
| title_fullStr | Magare [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.] Gradski Muzej Makarska. [autorica izložbe i kataloga] Ana Kunac |
| title_full_unstemmed | Magare [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.] Gradski Muzej Makarska. [autorica izložbe i kataloga] Ana Kunac |
| title_short | Magare |
| title_sort | magare katalog izlozbe svibanj 2009 |
| title_sub | [katalog izložbe ... svibanj 2009.] |
| topic | Esel (DE-588)4153027-5 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Esel Kultur Kroatien Ausstellungskatalog 2009 Makarska |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020766254&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020766254&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kunacana magarekatalogizlozbesvibanj2009 |