Verfügbarkeit: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells: fundamentals and applications

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Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	London [u.a.] Springer 2010
Schlagworte:	Impedanzspektroskopie
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XII, 420 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm
ISBN:	9781848828452 9781848828469

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MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	IMAGE 1 CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................... XI 1 PEM FUEL CELLS AND THEIR RELATED ELECTROCHEMICAL FUNDAMENTALS ............. 1 1.1 FUEL CELL DESCRIPTION.................................................................................. 1 1.2 FUEL CELL TYPES.......................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 H 2 /AIR FUEL CELLS ............................................................................ 5 1.2.2 DIRECT LIQUID FUEL CELLS ................................................................. 8 1.2.3 ALKALINE FUEL CELLS ....................................................................... 10 1.2.4 PHOSPHORIC ACID FUEL CELLS .......................................................... 11 1.3 FUEL CELL CHALLENGES................................................................................ 12 1.4 PEM FUEL CELL ELECTROCHEMISTRY ............................................................. 13 1.4.1 ELECTROCHEMISTRY FUNDAMENTALS.................................................... 13 1.4.2 POLARIZATION CURVES ...................................................................... 20 1.4.3 CURRENT INTERRUPTION...................................................................... 20 1.4.4 CHRONOAMPEROMETRY..................................................................... 21 1.4.5 CYCLIC VOLTAMMETRY ..................................................................... 22 1.4.6 ELECTROCHEMICAL IMPEDANCE SPECTROSCOPY ................................... 26 1.5 FUEL CELL ANALYSIS.................................................................................... 28 1.5.1 OPEN CIRCUIT VOLTAGE.................................................................... 29 1.5.2 CELL VOLTAGE UNDER LOAD.............................................................. 31 1.5.3 OHMIC DROP .................................................................................. 34 1.5.4 MASS TRANSFER DROP...................................................................... 34 1.5.5 FUEL CELL EFFICIENCIES ................................................................... 35 1.6 CHAPTER SUMMARY .................................................................................... 36 REFERENCES................................................................................................ 36 2 ELECTRICAL FUNDAMENTALS ................................................................................. 39 2.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................................................. 39 2.2 DIRECT CURRENT CIRCUITS............................................................................. 40 2.2.1 OHM S LAW ................................................................................... 40 2.2.2 SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS........................................................... 41 2.2.3 KIRCHHOFF S LAWS.......................................................................... 42 2.2.4 RESISTORS IN DC CIRCUITS ............................................................... 43 2.2.5 CAPACITORS IN DC CIRCUITS............................................................. 45 2.2.6 INDUCTORS IN DC CIRCUITS............................................................... 49 2.3 ALTERNATING CURRENT CIRCUITS .................................................................... 50 2.3.1 SINUSOIDAL SYSTEMS ....................................................................... 50 2.3.2 RESISTORS IN AC CIRCUITS ............................................................... 52 IMAGE 2 VIII CONTENTS 2.3.3 CAPACITORS IN AC CIRCUITS............................................................. 53 2.3.4 INDUCTORS IN AC CIRCUITS............................................................... 53 2.4 COMPLEX ALGEBRA AND IMPEDANCE............................................................ 54 2.4.1 AC IMPEDANCE OF A RESISTOR-CAPACITOR CIRCUIT............................ 56 2.4.2 AC IMPEDANCE OF A RESISTOR-INDUCTOR CIRCUIT ............................. 59 2.4.3 AC IMPEDANCE OF A CAPACITOR-INDUCTOR CIRCUIT ........................... 61 2.4.4 AC IMPEDANCE OF A RESISTOR-CAPACITOR-INDUCTOR CIRCUIT ............ 63 2.5 NETWORK CIRCUIT ANALYSIS ........................................................................ 72 2.5.1 TOPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF A NETWORK .............................................. 72 2.5.2 NETWORK THEOREMS ....................................................................... 73 2.5.3 TRANSIENT NETWORK ANALYSIS ......................................................... 78 2.6 BASIC KNOWLEDGE FOR UNDERSTANDING EIS ................................................ 81 2.6.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 81 2.6.2 NYQUIST AND BODE PLOTS ................................................................ 82 2.6.3 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODELS............................................................ 84 2.6.4 DATA FITTING OF EIS........................................................................ 89 2.6.5 APPLICATIONS.................................................................................. 92 2.7 CHAPTER SUMMARY... ................................................................................. 93 REFERENCES................................................................................................ 93 3 IMPEDANCE AND ITS CORRESPONDING ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES ................... 95 3.1 ELECTRODE/ELECTROLYTE INTERFACES................................................................95 3.1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................. 95 3.1.2 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF AN ELECTRODE/ELECTROLYTE INTERFACE.............. 96 3.1.3 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SOLID STATE AND AQUEOUS ELECTROCHEMISTRY 97 3.2 FARADAIC IMPEDANCE ................................................................................. 98 3.2.1 CALCULATION OF THE FARADAIC IMPEDANCE AT THE EQUILIBRIUM ELECTRODE POTENTIAL.. ..................................................................... 98 3.2.2 KINETIC PARAMETERS FROM Z F ......................................................... 104 3.2.3 VECTORGRAPHS OF FARADAIC IMPEDANCE....................... ............ ......108 3.3 TOTAL IMPEDANCE OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEM.................................... 109 3.3.1 CALCULATED Z F BASED ON EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS................. 109 3.3.2 GRAPHIC PRESENTATIONS OF THE TOTAL IMPEDANCE ........................... 112 3.3.3 IMPEDANCE PLOTS OF REAL ELECTROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS USING THE COMPLEX PLANE ........................................................................... 116 3.3.4 SEMICIRCLE ROTATION OF THE IMPEDANCE........................................ 118 3.4 CORRELATION OF EIS WITH OTHER ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES.................. 123 3.4.1 EIS AND THE POLARIZATION CURVE................................................... 123 3.4.2 EIS AND CURRENT INTERRUPTION ...................................................... 128 3.5 EIS MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................. 129 3.6 ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF EIS ....................................................... 133 3.6.1 EIS ADVANTAGES .......................................................................... 133 3.6.2 EIS LIMITATIONS........................................................................... 134 3.7 CHAPTER SUMMARY .................................................................................. 135 REFERENCES.............................................................................................. 136 IMAGE 3 CONTENTS IX 4 EIS EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS ................................................................................ 139 4.1 ELECTROCHEMICAL ELEMENTS......................................................................... 139 4.1.1 LUMPED ELEMENTS....................................................................... 139 4.1.2 FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT ELEMENTS....... .......................................... 140 4.1.3 BOUNDED FREQUENCY-DEPENDENT ELEMENTS.................................. 142 4.2 BASIC EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS....................................................................... 143 4.2.1 SIMPLE COMBINATIONS OF ELECTRICAL ELEMENTS........ ..................... 143 4.2.2 RANDLES CELL................................................................................ 154 4.2.3 STRUCTURAL CIRCUITS....................................................................... 168 4.2.4 OTHER CIRCUITS ............................................................................. 177 4.3 BRIEF DISCUSSION OF EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS IN PEM FUEL CELLS .................. 180 4.3.1 GAS DIFFUSION LAYERS.................................................................. 180 4.3.2 CATALYST LAYERS ........................................................................... 180 4.3.3 PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES ..................................................... 184 4.3.4 CONDUCTIVE POLYMERS.................................................................. 184 4.3.5 MEMBRANE ELECTRODE ASSEMBLIES ............................................... 191 4.4 CHAPTER SUMMARY .................................................................................. 191 REFERENCES.............................................................................................. 191 5 EIS DIAGNOSIS FOR PEM FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE ......................................... 193 5.1 EX SITU DIAGNOSIS................................................................................... 193 5.1.1 ELECTRODE CHARACTERIZATION ......................................................... 193 5.1.2 MEMBRANE CHARACTERIZATION ....................................................... 202 5.1.3 COMPARISON OF EX SITU AND IN SITU EIS METHODS ....................... 212 5.2 IN SITU DIAGNOSIS.................................................................................... 213 5.2.1 DIFFERENT GAS FEEDING MODES..................................................... 214 5.2.2 MEASUREMENT MODES .................................................................. 237 5.2.3 OPERATING CONDITIONS.................................................................. 239 5.2.4 REFERENCE ELECTRODES .................................................................. 243 5.3 EIS UNDER HEAVY DUTY .......................................................................... 250 5.3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 250 5.3.2 GROUNDED MODE.......................................................................... 251 5.3.3 FLOATING MODE ............................................................................ 254 5.4 FAST EIS.................................................................................................. 255 5.4.1 PRINCIPLES AND MEASUREMENTS ..................................................... 255 5.4.2 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FREQUENCY DOMAIN AND TIME DOMAIN ..... 256 5.5 CHAPTER SUMMARY .................................................................................. 257 REFERENCES.............................................................................................. 258 6 EIS APPLICATIONS ........................................................................................... 263 6.1 EIS APPLICATIONS IN PEMFCS ................................................................ 263 6.1.1 OPTIMIZATION OF MEA STRUCTURE ................................................. 264 6.1.2 IONIC CONDUCTIVITY ...................................................................... 288 6.1.3 CONTAMINATION ............................................................................ 295 6.1.4 STACK AND INDIVIDUAL CELL IMPEDANCE ......................................... 298 6.1.5 LOCALIZED EIS ............................................................................. 307 6.1.6 EIS AT HIGH TEMPERATURES .......................................................... 313 IMAGE 4 X CONTENTS 6.2 EIS APPLICATIONS IN DMFCS .................................................................. 323 6.2.1 EX SITU METHANOL OXIDATION ....................................................... 323 6.2.2 IN SITU ANODE REACTION .............................................................. 335 6.2.3 DETERMINATION OF THE IONIC RESISTANCE........................................ 338 6.2.4 IN SITU CATHODE REACTION............................................................ 339 6.3 CHAPTER SUMMARY .................................................................................. 342 REFERENCES.............................................................................................. 342 APPENDIX A: FOURIER TRANSFORM ....................................................................... 347 APPENDIX B: LAPLACE TRANSFORM ...................................................................... 353 APPENDIX C: KRAMERS-KRONIG TRANSFORM ...................................................... 363 APPENDIX D: EFFECTS OF EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS ON NYQUIST PLOTS ..... 371 CONTRIBUTOR BIOGRAPHIES .................................................................................... 411 INDEX .................................................................................................................... 413
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physical	XII, 420 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm
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spelling	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells fundamentals and applications Xiao-Zi Yuan ... London [u.a.] Springer 2010 XII, 420 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 235 mm x 155 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Impedanzspektroskopie (DE-588)4161400-8 gnd rswk-swf Impedanzspektroskopie (DE-588)4161400-8 s DE-604 Yuan, Xiao-Zi Sonstige oth SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020717021&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells fundamentals and applications Impedanzspektroskopie (DE-588)4161400-8 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4161400-8
title	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells fundamentals and applications
title_auth	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells fundamentals and applications
title_exact_search	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells fundamentals and applications
title_full	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells fundamentals and applications Xiao-Zi Yuan ...
title_fullStr	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells fundamentals and applications Xiao-Zi Yuan ...
title_full_unstemmed	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells fundamentals and applications Xiao-Zi Yuan ...
title_short	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in PEM fuel cells
title_sort	electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in pem fuel cells fundamentals and applications
title_sub	fundamentals and applications
topic	Impedanzspektroskopie (DE-588)4161400-8 gnd
topic_facet	Impedanzspektroskopie
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020717021&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT yuanxiaozi electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopyinpemfuelcellsfundamentalsandapplications

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