Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Tišnov
Sursum [u.a.]
2009
|
| Ausgabe: | Vyd. 1. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Beschreibung: | 267 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9788073231972 9788090300835 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku |c Věra Kovářů ; Jan Kuča |
| 250 | |a Vyd. 1. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Tišnov |b Sursum [u.a.] |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a 267 S. |b überw. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 336 | |b sti |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Venkov / Česko / 19.-21. stol |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Stavby / Česko / 19.-21. stol |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Lidová architektura / Česko / 19.-21. stol |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Stavebně-historický průzkum / Česko |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Countryside / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Buildings / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Vernacular architecture / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries |2 czenas | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Constructional-historical research / Czech Republic |2 czenas | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Moravské Horácko (Česko) |2 czenas | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Moravské Horácko (Czech Republic) / czenas |2 czenas | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Tschechische Republik | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kovářů, Věra |d 1932- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)133947130 |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Kuča, Jan |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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| 940 | 1 | |n oe | |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020705938 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143480258166786 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | ШШЅШВШШШШШШ
Obsah
Úvod
................................................................................................7
Územní charakteristika
................................................................13
Zaměstnání a způsob obživy
........................................................27
Nástin regionálního bádání
..........................................................37
Krajina a sídlo
...............................................................................49
Rolnická usedlost
..........................................................................73
Obytná část usedlosti
....................................................................89
Hospodářské stavby
....................................................................113
Materiál, konstrukce a pracovní postupy
...................................147
Architektonické ztvárnění domu
...............................................171
Výrobní a pomocné stavby
..........................................................207
Sakrální stavby
............................................................................223
Ochrana historicky cenných staveb
...........................................239
Resumé
.......................................................................................251
Abstract
.......................................................................................253
Jmenný rejstřík
...........................................................................257
Místní rejstřík
.............................................................................259
Literatura
....................................................................................263
Abstract
This book on vernacular architecture in the region of
Moravské Horácko,
western
Moravia, discusses the developments in rural house-building from the 19th to the 21st
centuries. The aim of this book is to extend the knowledge of the region of
Moravské
Horácko
to also include information about folk culture in this vast area not known as
yet, and to give the reader an insight into routine life of the population of
Moravské
Horácko
and into the artistic expressions applied to outward and interior appearances
of houses.
This book is based upon available literary and archival sources. Added to them were
the results of research studies of the terrain carried out by the authors of this book in
that particular area for several years as well as other partial results, both the published
ones and those not published as yet. Last century s best known researcher was J.F.
Svoboda
who followed up his predecessors, such as J.
Dufek
or K.
V. Adámek.
The region of
Moravské Horácko
is divided into several subregions, with the main
parts being northern
Horácko,
southern
Horácko, jihlavské Horácko
and
Podhorácko.
The borders of these subregions have been drawn very loosely so far. The mentions
made on this area so far are contrasted against the authors efforts to define the bor¬
ders more precisely on the grounds of basic features, which manifest themselves in the
character of the landscape, the professions and occupations of the population, or in the
type of structures.
The area under research was settled by medieval colonisation. In many places of the
region, this colonisation was organically associated with ecclesiastical centres
-
mon¬
asteries on the one hand, and secular feudalists on the other hand. Northern
Horácko,
a woody and
-
originally
-
hardly penetrable landscape, was affected more by the old
settlements in the southeast of Moravia, and partially also by the settlements in the
neighbouring eastern Bohemia. The colonisation waves of southern Bohemia and
southern Moravia were streaming to the regions of
Telč
and Slavonice. Also the Ger¬
man population played an important role. The colonists included, for example, crafts¬
men, smelters and glass-makers who settled down around
Jihlava
and Slavonice, but
also in other places designated for them by the ruler or, later on, by the entrepreneurial
establishment.
The colonists founded settlements whose form was affected not only by the terrain,
but also by what the coloniser wished. In the area of
Horácko,
you can find both forest
stretch villages and regular road or village-green villages. On the contrary, scattered
settlements are characteristic of the youngest colonisation wave in the mountainous
sections.
The natural conditions and the segmentation of the landscape affected the choice of
materials used for building homesteads. The most widely used material was wood as is
testified to by the maps of the stable cadastre from the first third of the 19th century.
Also stone was among the natural materials widely used for building houses. Houses
built of wood and stone can be found in the entire region of
Moravské Horácko
and
253
in the subregion of
Podhorácko.
In other subregions, particularly in Dolsko, also clay
and straw were used as building materials. Straw was also used to make sedge before
ceramic roofing began to be used. The homesteads differed not only regionally, but
also from the social point of view. The development and growth of some settlements is
associated with the jobs that the local people did. In harmony with the character of the
landscape and the available local raw materials, priority was given to woodwork, iron
ore and stone processing, and the manufacture of glass and textile. Also the style
oí
some of the manufacturing and technical structures built in these regions corresponds
with the character of the landscape and those building materials.
Farming prevailed across the entire vast territory of
Moravske
Horácko,
especially
in the fertile areas around
Moravské Budějovice, Jemnice, Náměšť nad Oslavou
or
Moravský Krumlov.
Agricultural production was primarily focused on cattle breeding
and the growing of demanding crops. Under difficult mountainous conditions, only
resistant kinds of corn, fodder plants and especially potatoes could survive.
Situated mostly in the village centre near the church, wealthy farms were character¬
ised by their imposing architecture. In the south and east of the region, the farmsteads
had a big frontage, through which animals and carts entered the farmstead yard while
pedestrians got in through a small gate. Among the biggest farmsteads were square-
built or triangle-built closed farms, which were commonly built particularly near the
border between Bohemia and Moravia, for example in the vicinity of Jimramov NM or
Telč.
Built with the use of natural materials such as stone and wood, simple dwellings
preserved the oldest appearance. The social prestige of wealthy farmers manifested
itself outwards also through bigger ornamentation of both the gable and the house
front. Also the interiors were rich in ornamentation, be it wall decorations or the fur¬
niture itself.
Besides a three-section housing unit, the layout of the farm also contains a sec¬
tion formed by cowsheds and stables mostly situated so as to form an angle with the
residential unit. Open sheds are often situated opposite the non-residential tract. Each
farm also had a barn, sometimes connected with the residential unit by a joint roof.
In the more fertile subregion of
Podhorácko,
the barn is designed as a robust struc¬
ture built of stone or adobes. Among the granges, the chambers
-
granaries were the
most important ones, be they single-storey or tier structures. They were most fre¬
quently stone structures. They used to be built near the residential buildings for safety
reasons. The chambers
-
granaries were used to store agricultural products, such as
corn or flour, potatoes in the cellar section and some kinds of vegetables. In northern
Horácko,
the picture of the village also included
„haltýře
(special containers to chill
milk), which were built near the brook, and also independent wells covered, just like
„haltýře ,
by a small double-pitched or aisle roof.
In the villages or in their immediate surroundings, there were manufacturing and
technical structures, which served the entire community. They included, for exam¬
ple, blacksmith shops; however, mills and sawmills were the most widespread ones of
them. These water-drive technical systems served their purposes for a long time.
254
The habitations of mountain inhabitants were characterised by modesty in both
their outward appearance and interior design of residential rooms. The most wide¬
spread layout consisted of three rooms
-
the hall, sitting room and chamber. The de¬
velopments in heating systems strongly affected the mode of utilizing the house. After
the open fireplace in the „black kitchen had been abolished, the cooking was trans¬
ferred to the stove in the sitting room where there was also the bred oven
„pekarna .
The black kitchen in the hall was converted into a living kitchen through further seg¬
mentation of the interior. The requirements made on a higher standard of housing in
the second half of the 20th century brought about the emergence of new residential
spaces, for example through rearranging some of the farm buildings.
Also the small buildings of sacred nature make an austere impression, just like
the residential buildings themselves. In many villages, the bell tower, be it wooden or
brick-built, remained preserved in the village centre, just like the chapel. The original¬
ity and diversity of architectural design of these structures is remarkable. However, it
is the shapes of crosses and the columns of crucifixion that are the most diverse ones.
Their appearances allow us to trace down both the craftsmanship of local creators and
the care provided to these monuments by the local inhabitants who take care of these
proofs of faith in God or the relationship to the history of the village.
As
Jiřina Veselská
believes, the entire area is an „encyclopaedia of building materials
and structures
-
from small curb structures to stucco houses affected by high build¬
ing styles, from wood to clay and stone, from simple dwellings represented by hemp-
kilns and poorhouses to vast estates of wealthy farmers.
255
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| geographic | Moravské Horácko (Česko) czenas Moravské Horácko (Czech Republic) / czenas czenas Tschechische Republik |
| geographic_facet | Moravské Horácko (Česko) Moravské Horácko (Czech Republic) / czenas Tschechische Republik |
| id | DE-604.BV036789499 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:48:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788073231972 9788090300835 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020705938 |
| oclc_num | 705994890 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 267 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Sursum [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku Věra Kovářů ; Jan Kuča Vyd. 1. Tišnov Sursum [u.a.] 2009 267 S. überw. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent sti rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Venkov / Česko / 19.-21. stol czenas Stavby / Česko / 19.-21. stol czenas Lidová architektura / Česko / 19.-21. stol czenas Stavebně-historický průzkum / Česko czenas Countryside / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries czenas Buildings / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries czenas Vernacular architecture / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries czenas Constructional-historical research / Czech Republic czenas Moravské Horácko (Česko) czenas Moravské Horácko (Czech Republic) / czenas czenas Tschechische Republik Kovářů, Věra 1932- Sonstige (DE-588)133947130 oth Kuča, Jan Sonstige oth Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020705938&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020705938&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku Venkov / Česko / 19.-21. stol czenas Stavby / Česko / 19.-21. stol czenas Lidová architektura / Česko / 19.-21. stol czenas Stavebně-historický průzkum / Česko czenas Countryside / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries czenas Buildings / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries czenas Vernacular architecture / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries czenas Constructional-historical research / Czech Republic czenas |
| title | Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku |
| title_auth | Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku |
| title_exact_search | Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku |
| title_full | Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku Věra Kovářů ; Jan Kuča |
| title_fullStr | Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku Věra Kovářů ; Jan Kuča |
| title_full_unstemmed | Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku Věra Kovářů ; Jan Kuča |
| title_short | Venkovské stavby na Moravském Horácku |
| title_sort | venkovske stavby na moravskem horacku |
| topic | Venkov / Česko / 19.-21. stol czenas Stavby / Česko / 19.-21. stol czenas Lidová architektura / Česko / 19.-21. stol czenas Stavebně-historický průzkum / Česko czenas Countryside / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries czenas Buildings / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries czenas Vernacular architecture / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries czenas Constructional-historical research / Czech Republic czenas |
| topic_facet | Venkov / Česko / 19.-21. stol Stavby / Česko / 19.-21. stol Lidová architektura / Česko / 19.-21. stol Stavebně-historický průzkum / Česko Countryside / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries Buildings / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries Vernacular architecture / Czech Republic / 19th-21st centuries Constructional-historical research / Czech Republic Moravské Horácko (Česko) Moravské Horácko (Czech Republic) / czenas Tschechische Republik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020705938&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020705938&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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