Verfügbarkeit: A people & a nation

A people & a nation: a history of the United States

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	[Andover] Wadsworth Cengage Learning c2012
Ausgabe:	9. ed., internat. ed.
Schlagworte:	Geschichte Kultur USA
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	Erschienen Nov. 2010
Beschreibung:	Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
ISBN:	9780495916543 0495916544

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MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Brief Contents Special Features xxiii Preface xxviii About the Authors xxxiv 1 Three Old Worlds Create a New, 1492-1600 2 Europeans Colonize North America, 1600-1650 3 North America in the Atlantic World, 1650-1720 4 American Society Transformed, 1720-1770 5 Severing the Bonds of Empire, 1754-1774 32 58 86 114 140 6 A Revolution, Indeed, 1774-1783 7 Forging a National Republic, 1776-1789 164 8 The Early Republic: Conflicts at Home and Abroad, 1789-1800 192 9 Defining the Nation, 1801 -1823 216 10 The Rise of the South, 1815-1860 244 11 The Restless North, 1815-1860 276 12 Reform and Politics, 1824-1845 304 13 The Contested West, 1815-1860 330 14 Slavery and America s Future: The Road to War, 1845-1861 360 15 Transforming Fire: The Civil War, 1861-1865 16 Reconstruction: An Unfinished Revolution, 1865-1877 388 426 17 The Development of the West, 1865-1900 456 18 The Machine Age, 1877-1920 484 19 The Vitality and Turmoil of Urban Life, 1877-1920 514 20 Gilded Age Politics, 1877-1900 544 21 The Progressive Era, 1895-1920 570 22 The Quest for Empire, 1865-1914 598 23 Americans in the Great War, 1914-1920 622 24 The New Era, 1920-1929 650 25 The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1941 678 26 The United States in a Troubled World, 1920-1941 710 27 The Second World War at Home and Abroad, 1941-1945 736 28 The Cold War and American Globalism, 1945-1961 764 29 America at Midcentury, 1945-1960 794 30 The Tumultuous Sixties, 1960-1968 824 31 Continuing Divisions and New Limits, 1969-1980 856 32 Conservatism Revived, 1980-1992 886 33 Into the Global Millennium, America Since 1992 916 Appendix A-i Index 1-і Mi Contents Special Features xxiii Legacy for A People and A Nation xxvi Maps xxiii Visualizing the Past xxvii Figures xxiv Preface xxviii Tables xxv About the Authors xxxiv Links to the World xxvi 1 Three Old Worlds Create a New, 1492-1600 2 American Societies 5 Voyagesof Columbus, Cabot, and Their Ancient America 5 Mesoamerican Successors 19 Civilizations 6 Pueblos and Mississippians 6 Columbus s Voyage 19 Columbus s Aztecs 6 Observations 19 Norse and Other Northern Voyagers 20 John Cabot s Explorations 22 VISUALIZING THE PAST: City of the Sun 7 Spanish Exploration and Conquest 22 North America in 1492 8 Cortes and Other Explorers 22 Capture of Gendered Division of Labor 9 Social Tenochtitlán 23 Spanish Colonization 23 Organization 1 о War and Politics 1 o Cold> Silver>and sPain 5 Decline 24 Religion io The Columbian Exchange 24 African Societies 11 Smallpox and Other Diseases 24 Sugar, Horses, West Africa (Guinea) π Complementary and Tobacco 2b Gender Roles 13 S/ave/y w Guinea 13 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Maize 27 European Societies 13 Europeans in North America 28 Gender, Work, Politics, and Religion 13 fgferfsqf Trade Among Indians and Europeans 2b Contest Plague and Warfare^ Political and Technological Between Spain and England 28 Roanoke 28 Change 16 Motives for Exploration 16 Ham-oťs Br¡efe and Tme Report 2g Early European Explorations 16 Summary 29 ЅаЈ Ѓме^е diterrane° A;lanticl6 t lslands LEGACYFORAPEOPLEANDANATION: of the Mediterranean Atlantic π Portuquese ,, .... ,...«. Trading Posts in Africa rt Lessons of Early Kennew.ck Man/Ancient One 30 Colonization 18 Suggestions for Further Reading 31 2 Europeans Colonize North America, 1600-1650 32 Spanish, French, and Dutch North English Interest in Colonization 40 America 35 Social and Economic Change ą English New Mexico 35 Quebec and Montreal ss Reformation 41 Puritans, Separatists, and Presbyterians 41 Stuart Monarchs 42 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Acoma Pueblo 36 Jesuit Missions in New France 37 The Founding of Virginia 42 New Netherland 39 Jamestown and Tsenacommacah 42 Algonquian and English Cultural Differences 43 Tobacco The Caribbean 39 Cultivation 44 Indian Assaults 45 End of Warfare and Hurricanes 39 fwgd/ Cultivation 39 Virginia Company 45 Contents Life in the Chesapeake 45 Demand for Laborers 45 Conditions of Servitude 46 Standard of Living 46 Chesapeake Families 46 Chesapeake Politics 47 The Founding of New England 48 Contrasting Regional Demographic Patterns 48 Contrasting Regional Religious Patterns 48 Separatists 49 Pilgrims and Pokanokets 49 Massachusetts Bay Company 49 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Turkeys 50 Governor John Winthrop 51 Covenant Ideal 51 New England Towns 52 Pequot War and Its Aftermath 52 Missionary Activities 53 Life in New England 54 New England Families 54 Impact of Religion 55 Roger Williams 55 Anne Hutchinson 56 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Blue Laws 56 Summary 57 Suggestions for Further Reading 57 3 North America in the Atlantic World, 1650-1720 The Growth of Anglo-American Settlements 61 New York 61 New Jersey 63 Pennsylvania 64 Carolina 65 Chesapeake 65 New England 66 Colonial Political Structures 67 A Decade of Imperial Crises:The 1670s 67 New France and the Iroquois 67 Pueblo Peoples and Spaniards 68 Ю пд Philip s War 68 Bacon s Rebellion 69 The Atlantic Trading System 70 Why African Slavery? 70 Atlantic Slave Trade 71 И/еѕѓ Л/пса artđ ѓЛе S/ove Trade 73 Л /ew England and the Caribbean 73 LINICS TO THE WORLD: Exotic Beverages 74 Slaving Voyages 75 Slavery in North America and the Caribbean 76 African Enslavement in the Chesapeake 76 African Enslavement in South Carolina 77 Rice and Indigo 77 Indian Enslavement in North and South Carolina 78 Enslavement in the North 79 Slave Resistance 79 Imperial Reorganization and the Witchcraft Crisis 79 Colonial Autonomy Challenged 80 Mercantilism and Navigation Acts 80 Glorious Revolution in America 80 King William s War 81 The 1692 Witchcraft Crisis 81 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Debating the Witchcraft Trials 82 New Imperial Measures 83 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Americans of African Descent 83 Summary 84 Suggestions for Further Reading 84 4 American Society Transformed, 1720-1770 Geographic Expansion and Ethnic Diversity 89 Spanish and French Territorial Expansion 89 France and the Mississippi 90 Involuntary Migrants from Africa 91 Newcomers from Europe 92 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Slaves Symbolic Resistance 93 Scots-Irish, Scots, and Germans 95 Maintaining Ethnic and Religious Identities 96 86 Economic Growth and Development in British America 97 Commerce and Manufacturing 97 Wealth and Poverty 97 Regional Economies 98 Colonial Cultures 99 Genteel Culture 99 The Enlightenment 99 Oral Cultures 100 Religious and Civic Rituals 100 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Smallpox Inoculation 101 VI Contents Rituals of Consumption 102 Tea and Madeira 103 Rituals on the Middle Ground 104 Colonial Families 104 Indian and Mixed-Race Families 105 European American Families 105 African American Families 1 о 6 Forms of Resistance 107 City Life 107 Politics: Stability and Crisis in British America 107 Colonial Assemblies 108 Slave Rebellions in South Carolina and New York 109 Rioters and Regulators 109 A Crisis in Anglo-American Religion no George Whitefield 110 Impact of the Awakening 110 Virginia Baptists 111 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Self-Made Men 112 Summary 112 Suggestions for Further Reading 113 5 Severing the Bonds of Empire, 1754-1774 Renewed Warfare Among Europeans and Indians 117 Iroquois Neutrality 117 Albany Congress 118 Seven Years War 120 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The First Worldwide War 121 1763: A Turning Point 123 Neolin and Pontiac 123 Proclamation of іубз 123 George III 124 Theories of Representation 124 Real Whigs 125 Sugar and Currency Acts 125 The Stamp Act Crisis 125 James Otis s Rights of the British Colonies 126 Patrick Henry and the Virginia Stamp Act Resolves 126 Continuing Loyalty to Britain 127 Anti-Stamp Act Demonstrations 127 Americans Divergent Interests 128 Sons of Liberty 128 Opposition and Repeal 128 114 Resistance to the Townshend Acts 130 John Dickinson s Farmer s Letters 130 Rituals of Resistance 131 Daughters of Liberty 131 VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Revolutionary Symbolism of Female Spinners 132 Divided Opinion over Boycotts 133 Confrontations in Boston 133 Boston Massacre 133 A British Plot? 134 Samuel Adams and Committees of Correspondence 135 Tea and Turmoil 136 Reactions to the Tea Act 136 Coercive and Quebec Acts 137 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Women s Political Activism 137 Summary 138 Suggestions for Further Reading 138 6 A Revolution, Indeed, 1774-1783 Government by Congress and Committee 143 First Continental Congress 143 Continental Association 143 Committees of Observation 144 Provincial Conventions 144 Contest in the Backcountry 144 Distrust and Warfare 145 Frontier Hostilities 145 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Frontier Refugees 146 Choosing Sides Nova Scotia and the Caribbean 147 Patriots 147 Loyalists 147 Neutrals 147 African Americans 148 LINKS TO THE WORLD: New Nations War and Independence 140 147 149 150 Battles of Lexington and Concord 150 First Year of War 151 British Strategy 151 Second Continental Congress 151 George Washington 152 British Evacuate Boston 152 Common Sense 152 Jefferson and the Declaration of Independence 153 Contents VII The Struggle in the North 153 New York and New Jersey 154 Campaign 0/1777 Ί55 Iroquois Confederacy Splinters 155 Franco-American Alliance 0/1778 156 Life in the Army and on the Home Front 156 Continental Army 156 Officer Corps 157 Hardship and Disease 157 Home Front 158 Victory in the South 158 South Carolina and the Caribbean 158 Greene and the Southern Campaign 160 Surrenderat Yorktown 161 Treaty о/ Paris 161 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Revolutionary Origins 162 Summary 162 Suggestions for Further Reading 163 7 Forging a National Republic, 1776-1789 164 Creating a Virtuous Republic 167 Varieties o/ Republicanism 167 Virtue and the Arts 168 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Depicting Virtue 169 Educational Re/orm 170 Judith Sargent Murray 170 Women and the Republic 170 The First Emancipation and the Growth of Racism 171 Emancipation and Manumission 171 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Writing and Stationery Supplies 172 Growth o/Free Black Population 173 Freedpeople s Lives 173 Development o/ Racist Theory 174 A White Men s Republic 175 Designing Republican Governments 175 State Constitutions 175 Limiting State Governments 176 Revising State Constitutions 176 Articles o/Con/ederation 176 Trials of the Confederation 177 Financial Affairs 177 Foreign Affairs 178 Peace Treaty Provisions 178 Order and Disorder in the West 179 Indian Relations 179 Ordinance 0/1785 180 Northwest Ordinance 181 From Crisis to the Constitution 182 Taxation and the Economy 182 Shays s Rebellion 183 Constitutional Convention 183 Madison and the Constitution 183 Virginia and New Jersey Plans 184 Debates over Congress 184 Slavery and the Constitution 185 Congressional and Presidential Powers 185 Opposition and Ratification 186 Federalists and Anti/ederalists 187 6/7/ o/ К/дЛѓѕ 187 Ratification 187 Celebrating Ratification 188 Summary 189 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: The Township and Range System 190 Suggestions for Further Reading 190 8 The Early Republic: Conflicts at Home and Abroad, 1789-1800 192 Building a Workable Government 195 First Congress 195 Bill o/Rights 195 Executive and Judiciary 195 Debate over Slavery 196 Domestic Policy Under Washington and Hamilton 196 Washington s First Steps 196 Alexander Hamilton 197 National and State Debts 198 Hamilton s Financial Plan 198 First Banko/ the United States 198 Interpreting the Constitution 199 Report on Manufactures 199 Whiskey Rebellion 200 The French Revolution and the Development of Partisan Politics 201 Republicans and Federalists 201 French Revolution 201 Edmond Genêt 202 Democratic Societies 203 Partisan Politics and Relations with Great Britain 203 Jay Treaty Debate 203 Bases o/Partisanship 204 Washington s Farewell Address 204 Election o/ 1796 205 viii Contents John Adams and Political Dissent 205 XYZAffair 205 Quasi-War with France 205 Alien and Sedition Acts 206 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Newspapers of the Early Republic 207 Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions 208 Convention ofi8oo 208 The West in the New Nation 208 War in the Northwest Territory 208 Civilizing the Indians 209 Iroquois and Cherokees 210 Revolutions at the End of the Century 211 Fries s Rebellion 211 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Haitian Refugees 212 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Dissent During Wartime 213 Gabriel s Rebellion 213 Election of 1800 214 Summary 214 Suggestions for Further Reading 214 9 Defining the Nation, 1801-1823 Political Visions 219 Separation of Church and State 219 Political Mobilization 219 The Partisan Press 219 Limited Government 220 Judicial Politics 220 The Marshall Court 221 Judicial Review 11л Election of 1804 221 Nationalism and Culture 222 National Expansion Westward 222 New Orleans 222 Louisiana Purchase 223 Lewis and Clark Expedition 224 Divisions Among Indian Peoples 225 Tenskwatawa and Tecumseh 225 The Nation in the Orbit of Europe 226 First Barbary War 226 Threats to American Sovereignty 227 The Embargo of 1807 227 International Slave Trade 228 Election of 1808 229 Women and Politics 229 Fa/Vec/ Policies 229 /Ил. Madison s War 230 The War of 1812 230 Invasion of Canada 230 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Selling War 231 216 Naval Battles 232 Burning Capitals 232 War in the South 233 Treaty of Ghent 233 American Sovereignty Reasserted 234 Domestic Consequences 234 The Nationalist Program American System 235 FaWy Internal Improvements 235 The Era of Good Feelings 235 Government Promotion of Market Expansion 236 Boundary Settlements 236 Monroe Doctrine 237 234 237 Sectionalism Exposed for/y Industrial Development 237 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Industrial Piracy 239 Panic of 1819 240 Missouri Compromise 240 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: States Rights and Nullification 242 Summary 242 Suggestions for Further Reading 243 IO The Rise of the South, 1815-1860 The Distinctive South 247 South-North Similarity 247 South-North Dissimilarity 248 A Southern World-View and the Proslavery Argument 250 A Slave Society 251 Southern Expansion, Indian Resistance and Removal 252 A Southern Westward Movement 252 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The Amistad Case 253 244 Indian Treaty Making 254 Indian Accommodation 254 Indian Removal as Federal Policy 254 Cherokees 255 Cherokee Nation v.Georgia 256 Trail of Tears 256 Seminoie Wars 257 Social Pyramid in the Old South 258 Yeoman Farmers 258 Yeoman Folk Culture 259 Yeomen s Livelihoods 259 Landless Whites 260 Yeomen s Demands and White Class Relations 261 Free Blacks 261 Free Black Communities 161 Contents ix The Planters World 262 The Newly Rich 262 Social Status and Planters Values 263 King Cotton in a Global Economy 263 Paternalism 264 Marriage and Family Among Planters 265 Slave Life and Labor 265 Slaves Everyday Conditions 266 Slave Work Routines 266 Violence and Intimidation Against Slaves 266 Slave-Master Relationships 267 Slave Culture and Resistance African Cultural Survival 268 Slaves Religion and Music 268 The Black Family in Slavery 269 The Domestic Slave Trade 270 Strategies of Resistance 271 Nat Turner s Insurrection 272 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Imaging Nat Turner s Rebellion 273 267 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Reparations for Slavery 274 Summary 274 Suggestions for Further Reading 275 11 The Restless North, 1815-1860 Or Is It the North That Was Distinctive? 279 Preindustrial Farms 279 Preindustrial Artisans 280 Early Industrialization 281 The Transportation Revolution 281 Roads 281 Steamboats 282 Canals 282 Railroads 283 Government Promotion of Internal Improvements 283 Regional Connections 284 Ambivalence Toward Progress 285 Factories and Industrialization 285 Factory Work 285 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Internal Improvements 286 Textile Mills 287 Labor Protests 287 Unions 288 Labor Consumption and Commercialization Ifre Garment Industry 288 288 visualizing the PAST: Images of Boom and Bust 276 289 Specialization of Commerce 290 Commercial Farming 290 Farm И/о /nen s Changing Labor 290 Kura/ Communities 291 Cyc/es of Boom and Bust 291 Families in Flux 291 The Ideal Family 291 Shrinking Families 292 Women s Paid Labor 292 The Growth of Cities 293 L/rban ßoom 293 Market-Related Development 293 Extremes of Wealth 295 Immigration 296 Ethnic Tensions 298 People of Color 299 Urban Culture 299 The Penny Press 300 Cities as Symbols of Progress 300 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: P.T. Barnum s Publicity Stunts 302 Summary 303 Suggestions for Further Reading 303 12 Reform and Politics, 1824-1845 From Revival to Reform 307 Revivals 307 Moral Reform 308 Penitentiaries and Asylums 309 Temperance 309 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Engaging Children 310 Public Schools 311 Science 311 Engineering and Utopian Experiments 312 Mormons 312 Shakers 312 Oneidans, Owenites, and Fourierists 313 American Renaissance 314 ЗО4 Abolitionism 314 Early Abolitionism and Colonization 314 Immediatism 315 The Lane Debates 315 ľfte American Antislavery Society 315 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The International Antislavery Movement 316 African American Abolitionists 317 Opposition to Abolitionism 317 Mora/ Suasion Versus Political Action 317 Contents Women s Rights 318 Legal Rights 318 Political Rights 318 Jacksonianism and Party Politics 319 Expanding Political Participation 319 Election of 1824 319 Election 0/1828 320 Democrats 320 King Andrew 321 Federalism at Issue:The Nullification and Bank Controversies 322 Nullification 322 The Force Act 323 Second Bank of the United States 323 Political Violence 323 Antimasonry 323 Election 0/1832 324 Jackson s Second Term 324 Spec/e Circular 324 The Whig Challenge and the Second Party System 325 Whigs and Reformers 325 Election of 1836 325 Van Buren and Hard Times 326 Anglo-American Tensions 326 William Henry Harrison and the Election of 1840 326 President Tyler 327 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Moral Reformers Abstinence Campaigns 327 Summary 328 Suggestions for Further Reading 328 13 The Contested West, 1815-1860 The West in the American Imagination 333 Defining the West 333 Frontier Literature 333 Western Art 335 Countering the Myths 335 Expansion and Resistance in the Trans-Appalachian West 336 Deciding Where to Move 336 Indian Removal and Resistance 337 Black Hawk War 338 Selling the West 339 Clearing the Land 339 The Federal Government and Westward Expansion 340 The Fur Trade 340 Transcontinental Exploration 341 A Military Presence 342 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Gold in California 343 Public Lands 344 The Southwestern Borderlands 345 Southwestern Slavery 345 The New Mexican Frontier 345 The Texas Frontier 345 The Comanche Empire 346 ЗЗО VISUALIZING THE PAST: Paintings and Cultural Impressions 347 American Empresarios 348 Texas Politics 348 The Lone Star Republic 349 Wartime Losses and Profits 349 Cultural Frontiers in the Far West 350 Western Missionaries 350 Mormons 350 Oregon and California Trails 351 Indian Treaties 352 Ecological Consequences of Cultural Contact 353 Cold Rush 354 Mining Settlements 355 The Politics of Territorial Expansion 355 Manifest Destiny 356 Fifty-Four Forty or Fight 356 Polk and the Election of 1844 356 Annexation of Texas 357 Summary 357 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Descendants of Early Latino Settlers 358 Suggestions for Further Reading 358 14 Slavery and America s Future: The Road to War, 1845-1861 360 The War with Mexico and Its Consequences 363 Oregon 364 Mr. Polk s War 364 Foreign War and the Popular Imagination 364 Conquest 366 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 366 Slave Power Conspiracy 366 VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Mexican War in Popular Imagination 367 Wil mot Proviso 368 The Election of 1848 and Popular Sovereignty 368 1850: Compromise or Armistice? Debate over Slavery in the Territories 369 Compromise of 1850 370 Fugitive Slave Act 370 Uncle Tom s Cabin 371 The Underground Railroad 371 Election of 1852 and the Collapse of Compromise 373 368 Contents XI Slavery Expansion and Collapse of the Party System 373 The Kansas-Nebraska Act 374 Birth of the Republican Party 374 Know-Nothings 374 Party Realignment and the Republicans Appeal 375 Republican Ideology 375 LINKS TO THE WORLD: William Walker and Filibustering 376 Southern Democrats 377 Bleeding Kansas 377 Election 0/1856 378 Slavery and the Nation s Future 378 Dred Scott Case 378 Abraham Lincoln and the Slave Power 379 The Lecompton Constitution and Disharmony Among Democrats 380 Disunion 380 John Brown s Raid on Harpers Ferry 380 Election of i860 381 Secession and the Confederate States of America 382 Fort Sumter and Outbreak of War 383 Causation 384 Summary 385 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Terrorist or Freedom Fighter? 386 Suggestions for Further Reading 386 15 Transforming Fire: The Civil War, 1861-1865 America Goes to War, 1861-1862 391 First Battle of Bull Run 391 Grand Strategy 392 Union Naval Campaign 393 War in the Far West 394 Grant s Tennessee Campaign and the Battle of Shiloh 394 McClellan and the Peninsula Campaign 395 Confederate Offensive in Maryland and Kentucky 396 WarTransforms the South 397 The Confederacy and Centralization 397 Confederate Nationalism 398 Southern Cities and Industry 398 Changing Roles of Women 399 Human Suffering, Hoarding, and Inflation 399 Inequities of the Confederate Draft 399 Wartime Northern Economy and Society 400 Northern Business, Industry, and Agriculture 400 The Quartermaster and Military-Government Mobilization 400 Northern Workers Militancy 401 Economic Nationalism and Government-Business Partnership 402 The Union Cause 402 Northern Women on Home Front and Battlefront 403 Walt Whitman s War 404 The Advent of Emancipation 404 Lincoln and Emancipation 405 Confiscation Acts 406 Emancipation Proclamations 406 African American Recruits 407 Who Freed the Slaves? 407 A Confederate Plan of Emancipation 408 The Soldiers War 408 Ordinary Soldiers and Ideology 408 Hospitals and Camp Life 408 The Rifled Musket 409 The Black Soldier s Fight for Manhood 409 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Black Soldiers in the Civil War 388 410 411 1863: The Tide of Battle Turns Battle of Chancellorsville 411 Siege of Vicksburg 411 Battle of Gettysburg 411 Disunity: South, North, and West 412 Union Occupation Zones 412 Disintegration of Confederate Unity 412 Food Riots in Southern Cities 413 Desertions from the Confederate Army 413 Antiwar Sentiment, South and North 414 Peace Democrats 414 New York City Draft Riots 415 War Against Indians in the Far West 415 Election of 1864 416 1864-1865: The Final Test of Wills 416 Northern Diplomatic Strategy 416 Battlefield Stalemate and a Union Strategy for Victory 417 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The Civil War in Britain 418 Fall of Atlanta 419 Sherman s March to the Seo 420 Virginia s Bloody Soil 420 Surrender at Appomattox 420 Financial Tally 421 Death Toll and Its Impact 422 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Abraham Lincoln s Second Inaugural Address 423 Summary Suggestions for Further Reading 423 424 XII Contents i6 Reconstruction: An Unfinished Revolution, 1865-1877 426 Wartime Reconstruction 429 Lincoln s 10 Percent Plan 429 Congress and the Wade-Davis Bill 429 Thirteenth Amendment 430 Freedmen s Bureau 430 Ruins and Enmity 431 The Meanings of Freedom 431 The Feel of Freedom 431 Reunion of African American Families 431 Blacks Search for Independence 432 Freedpeople s Desire for Land 432 Black Embrace of Education 432 Growth of Black Churches 433 Rise of the Sharecropping System 433 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Sharecropping: Enslaved to Debt 435 Johnson s Reconstruction Plan 436 Andrew Johnson of Tennessee 436 Johnson s Racial Views 436 Johnson s Pardon Policy 437 Presidential Reconstruction 437 Black Codes 437 The Congressional Reconstruction Plan 437 The Radicals 438 Congress Versus Johnson 438 Fourteenth Amendment 439 The South s and Johnson s Defiance 439 Reconstruction Acts of 1867-1868 440 Failure of Land Redistribution 440 Constitutional Crisis 441 Impeachment of President Johnson 441 Election of 1868 442 Fifteenth Amendment 442 Politics and Reconstruction in the South 443 Wft/te Resistance 443 S/adr Voters and the Southern Republican Party 444 Triumph of Republican Governments 444 Industrialization and Mill Towns 445 Republicans and Racial Equality 445 /Hyŕh of Negro Rule 445 Carpetbaggers and Scalawags 446 Tax Po/i cy and Corruption as Political Wedges 447 /ft/ Klux Klan 447 Retreat from Reconstruction 448 Political Implications of Klan Terrorism 448 Industrial Expansion and Reconstruction in the North 449 Liberal Republican Revolt 449 General Amnesty 449 The West, Race, and Reconstruction 450 Foreign Expansion 450 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The Back to Africa Movement 451 Judicial Retreat from Reconstruction 452 Disputed Election of 1876 and Compromise of 1877 452 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: The Lost Cause 454 Summary 454 Suggestions for Further Reading 455 17 The Development of the West, 1865-1900 456 The Economic Activities of Native Peoples Subsistence Cultures 459 Slaughter of Buffalo 460 Decline of Salmon 461 459 The Transformation of Native Cultures 461 Western Men 461 Government Policy and Treaties 462 Reservation Policy 462 Native Resistance 462 Reform of Indian Policy 463 Zitkala-Sa 464 Dawes Severalty Act 464 Ghost Dance 464 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Attempts to Make Indians Look and Act Like Americans The Losing of the West 466 Life on the Natural Resource Frontier 466 Mining and Lumbering 466 Complex Communities 467 Western Women 468 465 Significance of Race 469 Conservation Movement 469 Admission of New States 470 Western Folk Heroes Irrigation and Transportation 471 Rights to Water 471 Government Supervision of Wate r Rights 472 Newlands Reclamation Act 472 Railroad Construction 472 Railroad Subsidies 472 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The Australian Frontier 473 Standard Gauge, Standard Time 474 Farming the Plains 475 Settlement of the Plains 475 Hardship on the Plains 475 Social Isolation 476 Mail-Order Companies and Rural Free Delivery 477 Mechanization of Agriculture 478 Legislative and Scientific Aids 478 Contents xiii The Ranching Frontier 479 The Open Range 479 Barbed Wire 480 Ranching as Big Business 480 Summary 481 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: National Parks 482 Suggestions for Further Reading 482 18 The Machine Age, 1877-1920 Technology and the Triumph of Industrialization 487 Birth of the Electrical Industry 488 Henry Ford and the Automobile Industry 488 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The Atlantic Cable 489 Carnegie and Steel 490 The du Ponts and the Chemical Industry 490 Technology and Southern Industry 491 Consequences of Technology 492 Frederick W. Taylor and Efficiency 492 Mechanization and the Changing Status of Labor 493 Mass Production 494 Restructuring of the Work Force 494 Industrial Accidents 495 Freedom of Contract 496 Court Rulings on Labor Reform 496 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Impact of the 1913 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire 497 Labor Violence and the Union Movement 498 Railroad Strikes of ι8γγ 498 Knights of Labor 499 Haymarket Riot 499 American 484 Federation of Labor 499 Homestead and Pullman Strikes 500 Labor Violence in the West 501 IWW 501 Women Unionists 501 The Experience of Wage Work 502 Standards of Living 502 Commonplace Luxuries 503 Cost of Living 503 Supplements to Family Income 504 Higher Life Expectancy 504 F/ush Toilets and Other Innovations 504 Dietary Reform 505 ^ecic/y- /Иос/е Clothing 505 Department and Chain Stores 506 Advertising 506 The Corporate Consolidation Movement 508 Rise of Corporations 508 Pools and Trusts 508 Holding Companies 509 Financiers 509 The Gospel of Wealth and Its Critics 510 Government Assistance to Business 510 Dissenting Voices 510 Antitrust Legislation 511 Summary 511 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Technology of Recorded Sound 512 Suggestions for Further Reading 512 19 The Vitality and Turmoil of Urban Life, 1877-1920 514 Growth of the Modern City 517 Industrial Development 517 Mechanization of Mass Transportation 517 Urban Sprawl 517 Population Growth 518 Urban In-Migration 518 New Foreign Immigration 521 Geographic and Social Mobility 522 Urban Neighborhoods 525 Cultural Retention and Change 525 Urban Borderlands 526 Racial Segregation and Violence 526 Mexican Barrios 527 Cultural Adaptation 527 Living Conditions in the Inner City 528 Inner-City Housing 528 Housing Reform 528 New Home Technology 528 Poverty Relief 529 Crime ancf Violence 530 Managing the City 530 И/аѓег Supply and Sewage Disposal 530 ¿УгЬоп Engineers 530 ¿aw Enforcement 531 Political Machines 531 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Street Cleaning and Urban Reform 532 Civic Reform 533 Social Reform 533 The City Beautiful Movement 534 Family Life 534 Family and Household Structures 534 Declining Birth Rates 534 Stages of Life 535 The Unmarried 535 Boarding and Lodging 536 Functions of Kinship 536 XIV Contents Holiday Celebrations 536 The New Leisure and Mass Culture 537 Increase in Leisure Time 537 Baseball 537 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Japanese Baseball 538 Croquet and Cycling 539 Football 539 Show Business 539 Opportunities for Women and Minorities 540 Movies 540 Yellow Journalism 541 Other Mass-Market Publications 541 Anthony Comstock 542 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Children and Mass-Produced Toys 542 Summary Suggestions for Further Reading 543 543 2O Gilded Age Politics, 1877-1900 The Nature of Party Politics 547 Cultural-Political Alignments 547 Party Factions 547 Issues of Legislation 548 Civil Service Reform 548 Railroad Regulation 548 Tariff Policy 549 Monetary Policy 550 Legislative Accomplishments 551 Tentative Presidents 551 Hayes, Carfield, and Arthur 551 VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Spectacle of Gilded Age Politics 552 Cleveland and Harrison 553 Discrimination, Disfranchisement, and Responses 553 Violence Against African Americans 553 Disfranchisement 554 Legal Segregation 555 African American Activism 555 Women Suffrage 555 Agrarian Unrest and Populism 556 Sharecropping and Tenant Farming In the South 557 Hardship in the Midwest and 544 West 558 Grange Movement 558 The White Hats 559 Farmers Alliances 559 Problems in Achieving Alliance Unity 559 Rise of Populism 560 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Russian Populism 561 Populist Spokespeople 562 The Depression and Protests of the 1890s 562 Continuing Currency Problems 563 Consequences of Depression 563 Depression- Era Protests 563 Socialists 564 Eugene V. Debs 564 Coxey sArmy 564 The Silver Crusade and the Election of 1896 565 Free Silver 565 Nomination of McKinley ţbb William Jennings Bryan 566 Eleđion Results 567 The McKinley Presidency 567 Summary 567 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Interpreting a Fairy Tale 569 Suggestions for Further Reading 569 21 The Progressive Era, 1895-1920 The Varied Progressive Impulse 573 National Associations and Foreign Influences 573 The New Middle Class and Muckrakers 574 Upper-Class Reformers 574 Settlement Houses 574 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Foreign Universities and Study Abroad 575 Working-Class Reformers 576 The Social Cospel 576 Socialists 576 Southern and 57O Western Progressivism Progressivism 577 Opponents of Government and Legislative Reform 578 Restructuring Government 578 Labor Reform 579 Prohibition 579 Controlling Prostitution 579 New Ideas in Social Institutions 580 John Dewey and Progressive Education 580 Growth of Colleges and Universities 581 Progressive Legal Thought 582 Social Science 582 Eugenics 583 Contents XV Challenges to Racial and Sexual Discrimination 583 Continued Discrimination for African Americans 583 Booker T.Washington and Self-Help 584 W. E. B. Du Bois and the Talented Tenth 584 Society of American Indians 584 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Heavyweight Boxing Champion Jack Johnson as Race Hero 585 The Woman Movement 586 Women s Clubs 586 Feminism 586 Margaret Sanger s Crusade 587 Woman Suffrage 587 Theodore Roosevelt and Revival of the Presidency 588 Theodore Roosevelt 588 Regulation of Trusts 589 Pure Food and Drug Laws 589 Race Relations 590 Conservation 590 Cifford Pinchot 591 Panic of 190y 591 Taft Administration 591 Candidates in 1912 592 New Nationalism Versus New Freedom 592 Woodrow Wilson and Extension of Progressive Reform 593 Woodrow Wilson 593 Wilson s Policy on Business Regulation 594 Tariff and Tax Reform 594 Election of 1916 596 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Margaret Sänger, Planned Parenthood, and the Birth-Control Controversy 595 Summary Suggestions for Further Reading 596 597 22 The Quest for Empire, 1865-1914 Imperial Dreams 602 Foreign Policy Elite 602 Foreign Trade Expansion 602 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Messages in Advertising 603 Race Thinking and the Male Ethos 604 LINKS TO THE WORLD: National Geographic 605 The Civilizing Impulse 606 Ambitions and Strategies 607 Seward s Quest for Empire 607 International Communications 608 Alfred T Mahan and Navalism 608 Crises in the 1890S: Hawai i, Venezuela, and Cuba Annexation of Hawai i 609 Venezuelan Boundary Dispute 610 Revolution in Cuba 610 Sinking of the Maine 610 McKinley s Ultimatum and War Decision 611 608 598 The Spanish-American War and the Debate over Empire 611 Motives for War 612 Dewey in the Philippines 612 Treaty of Paris 613 Anti-Imperialist Arguments 613 Imperialist Arguments 614 Asian Encounters: War in the Philippines, Diplomacy in China 614 Philippine Insurrection and Pacification 614 China and the Open Door Policy 615 TR s World 615 Presidential Authority 616 Cuba and the Platt Amendment 617 Panama Canal 618 Roosevelt Corollary 618 US-Mexican Relations 619 Peacemaking in East Asia 619 Dollar Diplomacy 620 Anglo-American Rapprochement 620 Summary 620 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Guantánamo Bay 621 Suggestions for Further Reading 621 23 Americans in the Great War, 1914-1920 Precarious Neutrality 625 Outbreak of the First World War 625 Taking Sides 627 Wilsonianism 627 Violations of Neutral Rights 627 622 The Decision for War 628 Peace Advocates 628 Unrestricted Submarine Warfare 629 War Message and War Declaration 629 XVI Contents Winning the War 630 The Drafl and the Soldier 630 Trench Warfare 631 Shell Shock 632 American Units in France 632 The Bolshevik Revolution 633 Fourteen Points 634 Americans in Battle 634 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The Influenza Pandemic of 1918 635 Casualties 636 Mobilizing the Home Front 636 Business-Government Cooperation 637 Economic Performance 637 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Eating to Win 638 Labor Shortage 639 National War Labor Board 640 Civil Liberties Under Challenge 640 The Committee on Public Information 640 Espionage and Sedition Acts 641 Red Scare, Red Summer 641 Labor Strikes 642 American Legion 642 Palmer Raids 643 Racial Unrest 643 Black Militancy 643 The Defeat of Peace 644 Paris Peace Conference 645 League of Nations and Article 10 645 Critics of the Treaty 645 Senate Rejection of the Treaty and League 647 An Unsafe World 648 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Freedom of Speech and the ACLU 648 Summary 649 Suggestions for Further Reading 649 24 The New Era, 1920-1929 Big Business Triumphant 653 New Economic Expansion 653 Associations and New Lobbying 653 Setbacks for Organized Labor 653 Languishing Agriculture 654 Politics and Government 654 Scandals of the Harding Administration 654 Coolidge Prosperity 654 Extensions of Progressive Reform 655 Indian Affairs and Politics 655 Women and Politics 656 A Consumer Society 656 Effects of the Automobile 656 Advertising 657 Radio 658 Cities, Migrants, and Suburbs 658 African American Migration 658 Marcus Garvey 659 Newcomers from Mexico and Puerto Rico 659 Suburbanization 660 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Pan American Airways 661 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Expansion of Suburbs in the 1920s New Rhythms of Everyday Life Household Management 663 Health and Life Expectancy 663 Older Americans and Retirement 664 Social Values 664 662 663 65O Women in the Work Force 665 Employment of Minority Women 665 Alternative Images of Femininity 666 Gay and Lesbian Culture 666 Lines of Defense 666 Ku Klux Klan 666 Immigration Quotas 667 Fundamentalism 667 Scopes Trial 668 Religious Revivalism 669 The Age of Play 669 Movies and Sports 669 Sports Heroes 670 Movie Stars and Public Heroes 670 Prohibition 671 Cultural Currents 672 Literature of Alienation 672 Harlem Renaissance 672 Jazz 673 The Election of 1928 and End oftheNewEra 673 Herbert Hoover 673 Al Smith 673 Hoover s Administration 674 Stock Market Crash 674 Declining Demand 675 Corporate Debt and Stock Market Speculation 675 Economic Troubles Abroad; Federal Failures at Home 675 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Intercollegiate Athletics 676 Summary 676 Suggestions for Further Reading 677 Contents xvii 25 The Great Depression and the New Deal, 1929-1941 Hoover and Hard Times, 1929-1933 681 Farmers and Industrial Workers 682 Marginal Workers 682 Middle-Class Workers and Families 683 Hoover s Limited Solutions 683 Protest and Social Unrest 685 Bonus Army 685 Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Launching of the New Deal 686 Banking Crisis 687 First Hundred Days 688 National Industrial Recovery Act 688 Agricultural Adjustment Act 689 Relief Programs 689 Political Pressure and the Second New Deal 692 Business Opposition 692 Demagogues and Populists 692 Left-Wing Critics 692 Shaping the Second New Deal 693 Works Progress Administration 694 Social Security Act 695 Roosevelt s Populist Strategies 695 Labor 696 Rivalry Between Craft and Industrial Unions 697 Sit-Down Strikes 697 Memorial Day Massacre 697 Federal Power and the Nationalization of Culture 678 697 VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Women s Emergency Brigade and General Motors Sit-Down Strike 698 New Deal in the West 699 New Deal for Native Americans 699 New Deal in the South 699 Mass Media and Popular Culture 700 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The 1936 Olympic Games 702 The Limits of the New Deal 703 Court-Packing Plan 703 Roosevelt Recession 704 Election ofigąo 704 Race and the Limits of the New Deal 704 African American Support 706 An Assessment of the New Deal 706 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Social Security 707 Summary 708 Suggestions for Further Reading 708 26 The United States in a Troubled World, 1920-1941 Searching for Peace and Order in the 1920s 713 Peace Croups -¡ла Washington Naval Conference 774 Kellogg-Briand Pact 715 The World Economy, Cultural Expansion, and Great Depression 715 Economic and Cultural Expansion 715 War Debts and German Reparations 716 Decline in Trade 718 U.S. Recognition of the Soviet Union 718 U.S. Dominance in Latin America 719 American Economic Muscle 719 Good Neighbor Policy 720 Clash with Mexican Nationalism 720 The Course to War in Europe 722 German Aggression Under Hitler 723 Isolationist Views in the United States 723 Nye Committee Hearings 723 Roosevelt s Evolving Views 724 Poland and the Outbreak of World War II 725 710 725 Japan, China, and a New Order in Asia Jiang Jieshi 725 VISUALIZING THE PAST: German Blitzkrieg in Poland 726 Manchurian Crisis 727 Roosevelt s Quarantine Speech 727 U.S. Entry into World War II 728 First Peacetime Military Draft 729 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Radio News 730 Atlantic Charter 731 U.S. Demands on Japan 731 Surprise Attack on Pearl Harbor 731 Explaining Pearl Harbor 732 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Presidential Deception of the Public 734 Avoidable War? 734 Summary Suggestions for Further Reading 735 735 XVIII Contents 27 The Second World War at Home and Abroad, 1941-1945 The United States at War 741 A Nation Unprepared 739 War in the Pacific 740 Europe First Strategy 740 The Production Front and American Workers 742 Businesses, Universities, and the War Ejfort 742 Manhattan Project 743 New Opportunities for Workers 743 Women at Work 743 Organized Labor During Wartime 744 Success on the Production Front 745 Life on the Home Front 745 Supporting the War Effort 745 Propaganda and Popular Culture 745 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Portraying the Enemy 746 Wartime Prosperity 747 A Nation in Motion 747 Racial Conflicts 748 Families in Wartime 748 749 750 The Limits of American Ideals LINKS TO THE WORLD: Tokyo Rose Internment of Japanese Americans 751 African Americans and Double V 752 A Segregated Military 752 America and the Holocaust 753 Life in the Military 754 Selective Service 754 Fighting the War 754 Winning the War 755 Tensions Among the Allies 755 War in Europe 755 Yalta Conference 756 Harry Truman 757 War in the Pacific 758 Bombing of Japan 759 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: Nuclear Proliferation 761 Summary 762 Suggestions for Further Reading 762 28 The Cold War and American Globalism, 1945-1961 764 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Stalin: Ally to Adversary 770 From Allies to Adversaries 771 Decolonization 769 Stalin s Aims 769 U.S. Economic and Strategic Needs 769 Stalin and Truman 770 The Beginning of the Cold War 770 Atomic Diplomacy 770 Warnings from Kennan and Churchill 771 Truman Doctrine 772 Inevitable Cold War? 772 Containment in Action 772 Lippmann s Critique 772 Marshall Plan 773 National Security Act 775 Berlin Blockade and Airlift 775 Twin Shocks 775 The Cold War in Asia 776 Chinese Civil War j]b Vietnam s Quest for Independence 777 The Korean War 778 U.S. Forces Intervene 778 Chinese Entry into the War 779 Truman s Firing of MacArthur 779 Peace Agreement 780 Consequences of the War 780 Unrelenting Cold War 780 Massive Retaliation 781 CIA as Foreign Policy Instrument 781 Nuclear Buildup 782 Rebellion in Hungary 782 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The РеорІЄ -to- People Campaign 783 U-2 Incident 784 Formosa Resolution 784 The Struggle for the Third World 784 Interests in the Third World 784 Racism and Segregation as U.S. Handicaps 786 Development and Modernization 786 Intervention in Guatemala 787 The Cuban Revolution and Fidel Castro 788 Arab-Israeli Conflict 788 Suez Crisis 789 Eisenhower Doctrine 789 Geneva Accords on Vietnam ygo LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: The National Security State 791 National Liberation Front 791 Summary 792 Suggestions for Further Reading 792 Contents XIX 29 America at Midcentury, 1945-1960 Shaping Postwar America 797 The Veterans Return 797 The CI Bill 798 Economic Growth 798 Baby Boom 799 Suburbanization 799 Inequality in Benefits 800 Domestic Politics in the Cold War Era 801 Harry S. Truman and Postwar Liberalism 801 Postwar Strikes and the Taft-HartleyAct 801 1948 Election 802 Truman s Fair Deal 802 Eisenhower s Dynamic Conservatism 803 Growth of the Military- Industrial Complex 803 Cold War Fears and Anticommunism 803 Espionage and Nuclear Fears 804 Politics of Anticommunism 804 McCarthyism and the Growing Witch Hunt 805 Anticommunism in Congress 805 Waning of the Red Scare 806 The Struggle for Civil Rights 806 Growing Black Political Power 806 Supreme Court Victories and School Desegregation 807 Montgomery Bus Boycott 808 White Resistance 808 Fee/era/ Authority and States Rights 809 Creating a Middle-Class Nation 809 794 Prosperity for More Americans 810 Sunbelt and Economic Growth 810 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Moving to Levittown 811 A New Middle-Class Culture 812 Whiteness and National Culture 813 Television 813 Consumer Culture 813 Religion 814 Men, Women, and Youth at Midcentury 814 Marriage and Families 814 Gender Roles in 1950s Families 815 И/отел ЯА7С/ И /or/f 8i5 Cris/s q/Masculinity 816 Sexuality 816 Youth Culture 816 Challenges to Middle-Class Culture 817 LINKS TO THE WORLD: Barbie 818 The Limits of the Middle-Class Nation 819 Critics of Conformity 819 Environmental Degradation 819 Continuing Racism 820 Poverty in an Age of Abundance 821 Summary 822 Suggestions for Further Reading 822 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: The Pledge of Allegiance 823 JO The Tumultuous Sixties, 1960-1968 Kennedy and the Cold War 827 John Fitzgerald Kennedy 827 Election of i960 828 Nation Building in the Third World 828 Soviet-American Tensions 829 Bay of Pigs Invasion 829 Cuban Missile Crisis 830 Marching for Freedom 831 Students and the Movement 831 Freedom Rides and Voter Registration 831 Kennedy and Civil Rights 832 Birmingham and the Children s Crusade 832 Segregation Forever! 832 March on Washington 832 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Project C and National Opinion 833 Freedom Summer 834 Liberalism and the Great Society 834 Kennedy Assassination 834 Johnson and the Great Society 835 Civil Rights Act 835 Election 824 of 1964 836 Improving American Life 836 H/or on Poverty 837 Johnson and Vietnam 839 Tonkin Decision Kennedy s Legacy in Vietnam 839 Gulf Incident and Resolution 840 for Escalation 840 Opposition to Americanization 842 American Soldiers in Vietnam 842 Divisions at Home 843 A Nation Divided 844 Urban Unrest 844 Black Power 845 Youth and Politics 846 Free Speech Movement 847 Student Activism 847 /out« ond ŕne War /π Vietnam 848 Vouth Culture and the Counterculture 848 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The British Invasion 849 XX Contents 1968 850 The Tet Offensive 850 Johnson s Exit 851 Assassinations 851 Chicago Democratic National Convention 852 Global Protest 852 Nixon s Election 853 Summary 853 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: The Immigration Act of 1965 854 Suggestions for Further Reading 855 31 Continuing Divisions and New Limits, 1969-1980 856 The New Politics of Identity 859 African American Cultural Nationalism 859 Mexican American Activism 860 Chicano Movement 860 Native American Activism 861 Affirmative Action 862 The Women s Movement and Gay Liberation 862 Liberal and Radical Feminism 862 Accomplishments of the Women s Movement 863 Opposition to the Women s Movement 864 Cay Liberation 865 The End in Vietnam 865 Invasion of Cambodia 865 Protests and Counterdemonstrations 866 Morale Problems in the Military 866 Paris Peace Accords 866 VISUALIZING THE PAST: The Image of War 867 Costs of the Vietnam War 868 Debate over the Lessons of Vietnam 868 Vietnam Veterans 869 Nixon, Kissinger, and the World 869 Nixon Doctrine 869 Detente 869 Opening to China 870 Wars in the Middle East 870 LINKS TO THE WORLD: OPEC and the 1973 Oil Embargo 871 Antiradicalism in Latin America and Africa 872 Presidential Politics and the Crisis of Leadership 872 Nixon s Domestic Agenda 872 Enemies and Dirty Tricks 873 Watergate Cover-up and Investigation 873 Impeachment and Resignation 874 Ford s Presidency 874 Carter as Outsider President 875 Economic Crisis 875 Stagflation and Its Causes 875 Attempts to Fix the Economy 876 Impacts of the Economic Crisis 877 Tax Revolts 878 Credit and Investment 878 An Era of Cultural Transformation 878 Environmentalism 878 Technology 879 Religion and the Therapeutic Culture 879 Sexuality and the Family 880 Youth 880 Diversity 880 Renewed Cold War and Middle East Crisis 881 Carter s Divided Administration 881 Camp David Accords 881 Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan 882 Iranian Hostage Crisis 883 Я /se of Saddam Hussein 883 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: The All-Volunteer Force 884 Summary 885 Suggestions for Further Reading 885 32 Conservatism Revived, 1980-1992 Reagan and the Conservative Resurgence 889 Ronald Reagan 889 The New Conservative Coalition 890 Reagan s Conservative Agenda 890 Attacks on Social Welfare Programs 891 Pro-Business Policies and 886 ѓЛе Environment 891 Attacks on Organized Labor 892 The New Right 892 Reaganomics Supply-Side Economics 893 Harsh Medicine for Inflation 893 Morning in America 893 892 Contents XXI Deregulation 894 Junk Bonds and Merger Mania 895 The Rich Get Richer 896 Reagan and the World 896 Soviet-American Tension 897 Reagan Doctrine 897 Contra War in Nicaragua 897 Iran-Contra Scandal 898 U.S. Interests in the Middle East 899 Terrorism 899 fnŕer Gorbachev 899 Perestroika ond Glasnost 900 American Society in the 1980s 901 Growth of the Religious Right 901 Culture Wars 902 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Combating the Spread of AIDS 903 The New Inequality 904 Social Crises in American Cities 904 The AIDS Epidemic 905 New Immigrants from Asia 905 777Є Growing Latino Population 905 Л/еи/ И/оуѕ o//.//e 906 The End of the Cold War and Global Disorder 907 George Herbert Walker Bush 907 Pro- Democracy Movements 908 Collapse of Soviet Power 908 Costs of Victory 909 Saddam Hussein s Gamble 910 LINKS TO THE WORLD: CNN 911 Operation Desert Storm 912 Domestic Issues 912 Clarence Thomas Nomination 912 Summary 913 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: The Americans with Disabilities Act 914 Suggestions for Further Reading 914 33 Into the Global Millennium, America Since 1992 916 Social Strains and New Political Directions 919 Turmoil in LA. 919 Clinton s Victory 920 Clinton and the New Democrats 920 Republican Revolution and Political Compromise 921 Political Partisanship and Scandal 922 Politics, the Media, and Celebrity Culture 922 Violence and Anger in American Society 923 Clinton s Diplomacy 923 Balkan Crisis 924 Agreements in the Middle East 924 ß/n ¿afle/i and Al Qaeda 925 Globalization and Prosperity 925 Digital Revolution 926 Globalization of Business 927 Critics of Globalization 927 Target: McDonald s 928 The Bush-Gore Race 928 7?ie Contested Election of 2000 928 9/n and the War in Iraq 929 9/77 929 Afghanistan War 929 PATRIOT Act 930 Economic Uncertainty 930 International Responses 931 Why Iraq? 932 Congressional Approval 932 Fall of Baghdad 932 Election of 2004 932 America Isolated 934 Domestic Politics in Post-9/n America 934 The Presidency of George W.Bush 935 Hurricane Katrina 935 Economic Recession 936 Election of 2008 936 Barack Obama 937 Americans in the First Decade of the New Millennium 938 /roce and Ethnicity in Recent America 938 ľ/?e Changing American Family 940 VISUALIZING THE PAST: Arizona s Immigration Law 941 Medicine, Science, and Religion 942 Century of Change 943 LINKS TO THE WORLD: The Swine Flu Pandemic 944 Globalization and World Health 945 Confronting Terrorism 945 Summary 945 LEGACY FOR A PEOPLE AND A NATION: The Internet 947 Suggestions for Further Reading 947 xxii Contents Appendix a-i Declaration of Independence in Congress, July 4, 1776 A-i Articles of Confederation A-2 Constitution of the United States of America and Amendments A-6 Amendments to the Constitution A-n Presidential Elections A-16 Presidents and Vice Presidents A-21 Justices of the Supreme Court A-23 Index 1-1
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institution	BVB
isbn	9780495916543 0495916544
language	English
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open_access_boolean
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physical	Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
publishDate	2012
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publisher	Wadsworth Cengage Learning
record_format	marc
spelling	A people & a nation a history of the United States Mary Beth Norton ... A people and a nation 9. ed., internat. ed. [Andover] Wadsworth Cengage Learning c2012 Getr. Zählung Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Erschienen Nov. 2010 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 s Geschichte z 1\p DE-604 Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 s 2\p DE-604 Norton, Mary Beth 1943- Sonstige (DE-588)141303131 oth Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020701932&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
spellingShingle	A people & a nation a history of the United States Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4125698-0 (DE-588)4020517-4 (DE-588)4078704-7
title	A people & a nation a history of the United States
title_alt	A people and a nation
title_auth	A people & a nation a history of the United States
title_exact_search	A people & a nation a history of the United States
title_full	A people & a nation a history of the United States Mary Beth Norton ...
title_fullStr	A people & a nation a history of the United States Mary Beth Norton ...
title_full_unstemmed	A people & a nation a history of the United States Mary Beth Norton ...
title_short	A people & a nation
title_sort	a people a nation a history of the united states
title_sub	a history of the United States
topic	Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd
topic_facet	Kultur Geschichte USA
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020701932&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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MARC

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