Materials and innovative product development: using common sense
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| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [usw.]
Elsevier, Butterworth-Heinemann
c2009
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| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXV, 268 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9781856175593 1856175596 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Materials and innovative product development
Autor: Gessinger, Gernot H.
Jahr: 2009
Table of Contents
Preface xvii
Introduction xxi
CHAPTER 1 FROM IDEA TO PRODUCT TO MARKET—THE FLOW......1
Objectives....................................................................................1
Reality in Innovation...................................................................2
Materials Selection in Product Design........................................2
Materials Development—The Starting Point..............................4
Materials Systems (and Related Case Studies)...................5
Inorganic Materials....................................................6
Organic, Biomaterials, and Biomimetic Materials ....9
Nanomaterials..........................................................10
Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Materials..........11
Innovation Flow........................................................................12
Important Aspects in the Flow of Innovation................13
Where Do Ideas Come From? Sources of
Innovation...........................................................13
Where to Get Information?.....................................15
New Knowledge as a Source of Innovation...........16
Principles of Successful Innovation........................17
Case Study. CERCON®: Convergence of Skill Sets
(Personal Interview with F. Filser)..............................17
Objective of the Project..........................................17
Original Idea and History of R D Leading to
CERCON®............................................................18
Scoping—Selecting the Few Winning Ideas..........24
Importance of Speed in Decision Making..............24
Finding the Right Focus: Time, Cost, Objectives...25
Right Processes and Right Competencies—
Important Pieces of a Puzzle..............................25
Summary....................................................................................26
References..................................................................................26
CHAPTER 2 AN INTRODUCTION TO COMPANY STRUCTURE
AND ORGANIZATION..................................................29
Objectives..................................................................................29
Economic Environment.............................................................29
VII
able of Contents
Objectives and Organization of Companies—Established
Ones and Those to Be Established.......................................31
Structure of a Company...................................................31
From a Traditional (Mechanistic) to an
Organic Organization...................................................32
Traditional Organizational Structure.......................33
Organic Organization..............................................37
Mixing Styles............................................................39
Basis for Departmentalization..........................................40
Functional Departmentalization..............................41
Geographic Departmentalization............................41
Product Departmentalization..................................41
Customer or Market Departmentalization..............42
Process Departmentalization...................................42
Porter s Value Chain.........................................................42
Setting Up Vision, Mission, Objectives, Strategies...................44
Vision................................................................................45
Mission..............................................................................45
Objectives.........................................................................45
Situation Analysis..............................................................46
Strategy Formulation........................................................46
Strategic Planning.............................................................48
Cost Leadership Strategy.........................................48
Differentiation Strategy...........................................49
Focus Strategy..........................................................49
Summary....................................................................................50
References..................................................................................51
CHAPTER 3 CREATION PHASE—RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT....53
Objectives..................................................................................53
Important Process Steps from Idea to Market.........................53
Creation Phase—Research and Development..........................55
The Linear Model of Innovation......................................57
First Mover Advantages...........................................59
Second Mover Advantages......................................59
The Real Economics of Research in the
linear Model.......................................................59
Two-Dimensional View of R D.......................................61
Benefits of Academic Research and
Government Funding...................................................62
Table of Contents ix
Three Phases of the Innovation Process by
Abernathy and Utterback............................................63
Fluid Phase...............................................................63
Transitional Phase....................................................63
Specific Phase..........................................................64
Conventional and Disruptive Technology S Curves.......64
Models and Tools for the Start of the Innovation
Process..........................................................................66
New Concept Development Model........................66
New Process Development.....................................71
Case Study. Metal Oxide Varistors, Evolution of a
Technology: In-house Research or Licensing?............71
Surge Arresters.........................................................71
The History of ZnO Varistors..................................72
Metal Oxide Varistors at Brown Boveri..................73
Asea Bets on Metal Oxide Varistors........................74
Brown Boveri Closes the Gap.................................74
Competitors Become Partners................................75
Learning Points........................................................76
Summary....................................................................................77
References..................................................................................78
CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION PHASE—DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURING......................................................79
Objectives..................................................................................79
Engineering Design...................................................................79
Functional Requirements.................................................79
Total Life Cycle in Design................................................80
Other Major Effects in Design.........................................81
Production Engineering and Manufacturing............................82
Production Engineering....................................................82
Manufacturing...................................................................82
Case Study. Isothermal Forging of TitjALjV Impeller
Wheels: A Detour Toward Flexible
Manufacturing..............................................................84
First Challenge: Available Manufacturing
Methods...............................................................85
Second Challenge: Process Development..............85
Third Challenge: Upscaling.....................................87
Fourth Challenge: Technology Transfer.................89
Table of Contents
More than 30 Years Later........................................89
Lessons Learned.......................................................90
Case Study. LNT: From Process Modeling in Russia to
HIP Manufacturing Worldwide—Keep Focusing on
the Content..................................................................91
Background..............................................................91
Laboratory of New Technologies............................92
Establishing Synertech.............................................95
The Shrinkage Model...............................................95
Examples of Complex Shapes Produced by HIP ...96
Competitive Cost Analysis and Market...................97
Reasons for Success.................................................97
Future Outlook........................................................98
Learning Points........................................................98
Summary....................................................................................98
References..................................................................................99
CHAPTER 5 MANAGING TECHNOLOGY........................................101
Objectives................................................................................101
Managing Change....................................................................101
Portfolio Management....................................................101
Financial Commitment...................................................104
Does More R D Expenditure Lead to
Higher Profitability?..........................................104
Tools for the Calculation of the Business
Impact of R D Projects....................................106
Barriers to Innovation....................................................109
Side Benefits of Innovation............................................110
Human Aspects in Supporting Innovation....................Ill
Commitment..........................................................Ill
People Involvement...............................................Ill
Resources...............................................................Ill
Accepting Failure Helps an Innovation................Ill
Implementation..............................................................112
Centralized Approach............................................112
Decentralized Approach........................................112
Multilayer Approach..............................................113
Guidelines for Success...................................................114
Managing R D.........................................................................115
Sites for Research and Development.............................115
Table of Contents xi
Management of Interface Between Research
and Development.......................................................115
Organizational Structures...............................................116
Case Study. Continuous Change and Improvement
in Global R D Management at ABB.........................117
Meetings of Corporate Research Directors..........118
Program Management............................................118
Customer Visits......................................................119
High-Risk/High-Impact Projects............................119
Cross-Program Projects..........................................119
PIPE........................................................................119
Business Impact Calculations................................119
Radical Innovation.................................................120
Strategic Cooperation with Universities...............120
Virtual Global Labs................................................121
Concluding Remarks.............................................121
Summary..................................................................................121
References................................................................................122
CHAPTER 6 PROCESS THINKING AND KNOWLEDGE
MANAGEMENT.........................................................123
Objectives................................................................................123
Processes and Work Flow.......................................................123
Processes.........................................................................124
Work Flow......................................................................124
Case Study. ABB: Process-Thinking in R D,
from Idea to Global Projects (PIPE and
the Stage-Gate® Process)...........................................125
Processes and Work Flow..............................................125
Process Steps.........................................................125
Work Flow.............................................................125
The Challenge........................................................125
Continuous Program Management—The
Solution.............................................................126
The Tool—PIPE..............................................................126
Stage-Gate® Process and the ABB Gate Model..............128
Knowledge Management, a New Aspect of Organizational
Thinking..............................................................................130
Definition of Knowledge Management..........................131
Three Faces of Organizations.........................................133
ii Table of Contents
Creative, Competent Workforce....................................133
Mechanical Corporate Environment.....................134
Organic Corporate Environment..........................134
Dynamic Corporate Environment.........................135
Summary.........................................................................
References.......................................................................13
CHAPTER 7 FINANCIAL MANACEMENT OF A COMPANY.............139
Objectives................................................................................139
The Essential Instruments to Navigate the Course
of a Company......................................................................139
Financial Accounting...............................................................140
Balance Sheet: Where We Are Now..............................141
Profit and Loss Account (Income Statement): Where
We Have Been............................................................142
What We Can Learn from Balance Sheet and
Income Statement.............................................146
Information Available by Studying the
Annual Report...................................................147
Financial Ratios......................................................147
Warning Signals.....................................................149
Cash Flow and Funds Flow (Budget): Where We
Are Going...................................................................149
Managerial Accounting............................................................151
Tools of Managerial Accounting....................................151
Costs and Revenues........................................................151
The Components of Cost......................................153
Determining the Product Costs for One
Product..............................................................154
Determining the Product Costs for
Several Products................................................154
Cost Accounting Systems...............................................156
Full-Cost Accounting.............................................156
Marginal Costing (Direct Costing)........................157
Breakeven Analysis................................................159
Contribution..........................................................160
Margin of Safety.....................................................161
Final Remarks and Key Learning Points...............163
Investment Decisions: Capital Budgeting...............................164
Economic Parameters for an Investment Appraisal......165
Table of Contents xiii
Cost of Investment................................................166
Economic Benefit..................................................166
Utilization Period...................................................166
Income from Liquidation (Resale Value)..............166
Time Value of Money............................................166
Risk.........................................................................167
Methods Used in Capital Budgeting..............................167
Decision Criteria for Investments..................................168
Payback Calculation...............................................168
Net Present Value Method....................................171
Internal Rate of Return.........................................173
Profitability of Investment Projects......................176
Risk and Uncertainty.............................................176
Case Study. ZnO Varistors: NPV Comparison
Between In-house R D and Licensing.....................177
Discussion..............................................................178
Conclusion.............................................................179
Analogy to Government Funding of
High-risk Projects..............................................179
Summary..................................................................................179
References................................................................................180
CHAPTER 8 THE PRODUCT/MARKET MATRIX.............................181
Objectives................................................................................181
Growth Matrix.........................................................................181
Market Penetration..................................................................182
New Product Development....................................................183
Case Study. High-Temperature Superconductors:
Technology Push........................................................184
Introduction...........................................................184
R D at ABB...........................................................184
American Superconductors Corporation..............190
Case Study. Lanthanum Oxide-Molybdenum
Cathodes: Incomplete Target Specification..............194
From Specification to Concept.............................194
Manufacturing Challenge......................................196
Lifetime Optimization............................................196
Lessons Learned.....................................................197
Case Study. Nanosphere*: Nanotechnology in
Textiles by Subcontracting R D...............................197
r Table of Contents
Schoeller Technologies AG...................................198
The Lotus Effect as a Source of Innovation.........198
History of NanoSphere®........................................199
Learning Points......................................................201
Market Development...............................................................202
Diversification..........................................................................202
Case Study. liquid Crystal Display at Brown Boveri:
A Too-Expensive Commercial Product Followed
by Successful Licensing.............................................203
Learning Points......................................................205
Summary..................................................................................205
References................................................................................206
CHAPTER 9 NEW VENTURES......................................................209
Objectives................................................................................209
Requirements for Success.......................................................209
Market Focus, Financial Foresight, and a Top Management
Team....................................................................................210
Diversification Within an Existing Company Leading to
a New Venture....................................................................210
Case Study. Shape Memory Alloys Used in Stents........211
Shape Memory Alloy Research at Brown
Boveri................................................................211
The Story of Stent Development by
Julio C. Palmaz..................................................213
Nitinol Devices and Components.........................215
Learning Points from this Case.............................221
Case Study. Metoxit: High-strength Ceramics in
Biomedical Applications............................................221
Objective................................................................221
Metoxit...................................................................221
From Innovation and Diversification to
Startup in Alusuisse..........................................223
Starting a New Venture from a New Technology..................228
Case Study. Amroy: Building a Business Around
Carbon Nanotubes.....................................................228
Technology Push or Market Pull...........................230
Funding of the Company......................................230
Supplier of CNT.....................................................230
Production and Sales Growth...............................230
Table of Contents xv
Growth Strategy and Main Risks..........................230
Patent Situation and Competing Technologies ....231
Learning Points......................................................231
Case Study. Day4Energy: From Auctioning Off a
New Technology to Setting Up
In-house Manufacturing.............................................231
Photovoltaic Technology.......................................232
History of Day4Energy..........................................232
Specifics of the Day4 Electrode............................234
Further Development............................................235
Learning Experiences............................................235
Summary..................................................................................236
References................................................................................236
CHAPTER 10 THE HUMAN FACTOR IN MANAGEMENT..................237
Objectives................................................................................237
Leading or Being Led: Analogy Between Mountain
Climbing and Management.................................................237
Tools to Measure Our Capabilities and Learn about Our
Preferences (Psychometric Instruments)...........................239
Emotional Intelligence (El)............................................241
The Emotional Competence Framework..............242
Self-Test..................................................................246
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® (MBTI®)..................248
The Hermann Brain Dominance Instrument*
(HBDI®)......................................................................250
Important Aspects in Management.........................................251
The Role of Intuition Versus Rational Decision
Making........................................................................251
Managing People Well....................................................256
The Importance of Delegation.......................................257
The Contribution of Consultants...................................258
Summary..................................................................................259
References................................................................................260
Index.....................................................................................................................263
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| spelling | Gessinger, Gernot H. Verfasser aut Materials and innovative product development using common sense Gernot H. Gessinger Amsterdam [usw.] Elsevier, Butterworth-Heinemann c2009 XXV, 268 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Materials science Product management New products Research, Industrial Management HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020676785&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Gessinger, Gernot H. Materials and innovative product development using common sense Materials science Product management New products Research, Industrial Management |
| title | Materials and innovative product development using common sense |
| title_auth | Materials and innovative product development using common sense |
| title_exact_search | Materials and innovative product development using common sense |
| title_full | Materials and innovative product development using common sense Gernot H. Gessinger |
| title_fullStr | Materials and innovative product development using common sense Gernot H. Gessinger |
| title_full_unstemmed | Materials and innovative product development using common sense Gernot H. Gessinger |
| title_short | Materials and innovative product development |
| title_sort | materials and innovative product development using common sense |
| title_sub | using common sense |
| topic | Materials science Product management New products Research, Industrial Management |
| topic_facet | Materials science Product management New products Research, Industrial Management |
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