Verfügbarkeit: Plastics in medical devices

Plastics in medical devices: properties, requirements and applications

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Sastri, Vinny R. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, William Andrew 2010
Ausgabe:	1. ed.
Schriftenreihe:	PDL handbook series
Schlagworte:	Kunststoff Medizintechnik Plastics in medicine Medical instruments and apparatus / Design and construction
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext
Beschreibung:	XV, 271 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780815520276 0815520271

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adam_text	Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................................................xiii About the Author .................................................................................................................................................xiv 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Medical Device Definition ..........................................................................................................................3 1.3 Types of Devices .........................................................................................................................................4 1.4 Materials Used in Medical Devices ............................................................................................................4 1.5 Medical Devices — Material Selection Process ...........................................................................................5 1.5.1 Physical and Mechanical Criteria .....................................................................................................6 1.5.2 Thermal Criteria ................................................................................................................................6 1.5.3 Electrical Criteria ...............................................................................................................................6 1.5.4 Chemical Resistance ..........................................................................................................................6 1.5.5 Sterilization Capability ......................................................................................................................6 1.5.6 Biocompatibility ................................................................................................................................8 1.5.7 Long-Term Durability ........................................................................................................................8 1.6 Organization of This Book ..........................................................................................................................8 References ....................................................................................................................................................9 2 Regulations for Medical Devices and Application to Plastics Suppliers: History and Overview ..................................................................................................................................................11 2.1 History and Introduction ...........................................................................................................................11 2.2 United States Regulations .........................................................................................................................12 2.2.1 FDA Master Files ............................................................................................................................13 2.3 ISO 13485 (European and Global Standard) ............................................................................................14 2.3.1 European Union Medical Device Directive ....................................................................................15 2.4 Other Countries ..........................................................................................................................................16 2.4.1 Japan ................................................................................................................................................16 2.4.2 China ................................................................................................................................................17 2.4.3 Australia ...........................................................................................................................................17 2.4.4 India .................................................................................................................................................18 2.4.5 South America .................................................................................................................................18 2.5 Global Harmonization Task Force (GHTF) ..............................................................................................18 2.6 Applicability of the Regulations to Material Suppliers ............................................................................18 2.7 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................19 References ..................................................................................................................................................19 3 Materials Used in Medical Devices ..............................................................................................................21 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................21 3.2 Metals .........................................................................................................................................................21 vi Contents 3.3 Ceramics and Glass ...................................................................................................................................22 3.4 Plastics .......................................................................................................................................................23 3.5 Why Plastics? ............................................................................................................................................23 3.6 Types of Plastics ........................................................................................................................................26 3.6.1 Thermoplastics .................................................................................................................................26 3.6.2 Thermosets .......................................................................................................................................28 3.6.3 Elastomers ........................................................................................................................................29 3.7 Homopolymers and Copolymers ...............................................................................................................29 3.8 Polymer Blends and Alloys .......................................................................................................................31 3.9 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................32 References ..................................................................................................................................................32 4 Material Requirements for Plastics used in Medical Devices ..................................................................33 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................33 4.2 Material Characterization ..........................................................................................................................33 4.3 Sterilization ................................................................................................................................................33 4.3.1 Steam Sterilization ...........................................................................................................................34 4.3.2 Dry Heat ..........................................................................................................................................36 4.3.3 Ethylene Oxide (EtO) ......................................................................................................................36 4.3.4 Irradiation .........................................................................................................................................37 4.4 Chemical Resistance ..................................................................................................................................40 4.4.1 Test Method for Chemical Resistance ............................................................................................43 4.4.2 Leachables and Extractables ...........................................................................................................43 4.5 Biocompatibility ........................................................................................................................................45 4.5.1 Cytotoxicity .....................................................................................................................................45 4.5.2 Sensitization .....................................................................................................................................46 4.5.3 Irritation ...........................................................................................................................................46 4.5.4 Acute System Toxicity ....................................................................................................................46 4.5.5 Subchronic Toxicity .........................................................................................................................46 4.5.6 Genotoxicity .....................................................................................................................................46 4.5.7 Implantation .....................................................................................................................................46 4.5.8 Hemocompatibility ..........................................................................................................................46 4.5.9 Supplemental Tests ..........................................................................................................................46 4.6 USP Class VI .............................................................................................................................................47 4.7 ISO 10993..................................................................................................................................................49 4.8 Shelf Life and Aging .................................................................................................................................50 4.9 Joining and Welding ..................................................................................................................................51 4.9.1 Mechanical Techniques ...................................................................................................................51 4.9.2 Heat and Friction .............................................................................................................................52 4.10 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................53 References ..................................................................................................................................................53 5 Polymer Additives Used to Enhance Material Properties for Medical Device Applications .....................................................................................................................................................55 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................55 5.2 Types of Additives .....................................................................................................................................55 5.3 Things to Consider When Using Additives ..............................................................................................56 5.4 Plasticizers ............................................................................................................................................56 Contents vii 5.5 Wear-Resistant and Lubricious Additives .................................................................................................57 5.6 Pigments .....................................................................................................................................................58 5.7 Laser Marking ............................................................................................................................................59 5.8 Radiopaque Additives ................................................................................................................................59 5.9 Antimicrobials ...........................................................................................................................................60 5.10 Conductive Fillers ......................................................................................................................................63 5.11 Nanoadditives .............................................................................................................................................64 5.11.1 Nanoclays, Nanosilicates, and Nanotalcs ......................................................................................65 5.11.2 Carbon Nanotubes ..........................................................................................................................67 5.11.3 Nanosilver ......................................................................................................................................69 5.12 Stabilizers ...................................................................................................................................................70 5.13 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................................................70 References ..................................................................................................................................................70 6 Commodity Thermoplastics: Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyolefins, and Polystyrene .....................................73 6.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................73 6.2 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) .........................................................................................................................73 6.2.1 PVC Manufacture ............................................................................................................................74 6.2.2 PVC Additives .................................................................................................................................75 6.2.3 PVC Properties ................................................................................................................................78 6.2.4 PVC Chemical Resistance ...............................................................................................................80 6.2.5 PVC Sterilization .............................................................................................................................80 6.2.6 PVC Biocompatibility .....................................................................................................................81 6.2.7 PVC Joining and Welding ...............................................................................................................83 6.2.8 PVC Blends .....................................................................................................................................83 6.2.9 PVC Medical Device Applications .................................................................................................83 6.3 Polyethylene (PE) ......................................................................................................................................87 6.3.1 Polyethylene Manufacture ...............................................................................................................88 6.3.2 Polyethylene Properties ...................................................................................................................91 6.3.3 Polyethylene Chemical Resistance ..................................................................................................92 6.3.4 Polyethylene Sterilization ................................................................................................................92 6.3.5 Polyethylene Biocompatibility ........................................................................................................95 6.3.6 Polyethylene Joining and Welding ..................................................................................................95 6.3.7 Polyethylene Applications — Examples ...........................................................................................95 6.4 Polypropylene (PP) ....................................................................................................................................95 6.4.1 Polypropylene Manufacture ............................................................................................................98 6.4.2 Polypropylene Properties .................................................................................................................99 6.4.3 Additives for Polypropylene ............................................................................................................99 6.4.4 Polypropylene Chemical Resistance .............................................................................................100 6.4.5 Polypropylene Sterilization ........................................................................................................... 100 6.4.6 Polypropylene Biocompatibility .................................................................................................... 101 6.4.7 Polypropylene Joining and Welding ............................................................................................. 102 6.4.8 Polypropylene Applications .......................................................................................................... 103 6.5 Cyclo olefin Copolymers (СОС) ............................................................................................................. 105 6.5.1 Cyclo olefin Copolymers Manufacture ......................................................................................... 105 6.5.2 Cyclo olefin Copolymers Properties ............................................................................................. 106 6.5.3 Cyclo olefin Copolymers Chemical Resistance ............................................................................ 106 viii Contents 6.5.4 Cyclo olefin Copolymer Sterilization ........................................................................................... 106 6.5.5 Cyclo olefin Copolymer Biocompatibility ....................................................................................106 6.5.6 Cyclo olefin Copolymers Joining and Welding ............................................................................107 6.5.7 Cyclo olefin Copolymers Medical Applications ...........................................................................107 6.6 Polystyrene (PS)...................................................................................................................................... 107 6.6.1 Polystyrene Manufacture ...............................................................................................................108 6.6.2 Polystyrene Properties ...................................................................................................................110 6.6.3 Polystyrene Chemical Resistance ..................................................................................................110 6.6.4 Polystyrene Sterilization ................................................................................................................ Ill 6.6.5 Polystyrene Biocompatibility ........................................................................................................112 6.6.6 Polystyrene Joining and Welding ..................................................................................................112 6.6.7 Polystyrene Applications — Examples ...........................................................................................112 6.7 Suppliers ..................................................................................................................................................117 References ................................................................................................................................................117 7 Engineering Thermoplastics ........................................................................................................................121 7.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................121 7.2 Acrylics ....................................................................................................................................................121 7.2.1 Acrylics Production and Properties ...............................................................................................121 7.2.2 Acrylics Chemical Resistance .......................................................................................................122 7.2.3 Acrylics Sterilization .....................................................................................................................123 7.2.4 Acrylics Biocompatibility .............................................................................................................125 7.2.5 Acrylics Welding and Joining .......................................................................................................125 7.2.6 Acrylics Applications ....................................................................................................................125 7.3 Polycarbonates (PC) ................................................................................................................................126 7.3.1 Polycarbonates Production and Properties ....................................................................................128 7.3.2 Polycarbonates Chemical Resistance ............................................................................................130 7.3.3 Polycarbonates Sterilization ..........................................................................................................131 7.3.4 Polycarbonates Biocompatibility ...................................................................................................133 7.3.5 Polycarbonates Joining and Welding ............................................................................................135 7.3.6 Polycarbonates Applications — Examples .....................................................................................135 7.3.7 Polycarbonate Blends ....................................................................................................................137 7.4 Polyurethanes ...........................................................................................................................................139 7.4.1 Polyurethanes Production and Properties ......................................................................................141 7.4.2 Polyurethanes Chemical Resistance ..............................................................................................142 7.4.3 Polyurethanes Sterilization ............................................................................................................142 7.4.4 Polyurethanes Biocompatibility ....................................................................................................143 7.4.5 Polyurethanes Joining and Welding ..............................................................................................144 7.4.6 Polyurethanes Applications — Examples .......................................................................................146 7.5 Polyacetals ...............................................................................................................................................147 7.5.1 Polyacetals Production and Properties ..........................................................................................147 7.5.2 Polyacetals Chemical Resistance ..................................................................................................150 7.5.3 Polyacetals Sterilization ................................................................................................................150 7.5.4 Polyacetals Joining and Welding ..................................................................................................150 7.5.5 Polyacetals Applications ...............................................................................................................150 Contents ix 7.6 Polyesters .................................................................................................................................................150 7.6.1 Polyesters Production and Properties ............................................................................................151 7.6.2 Polyesters Chemical Resistance ....................................................................................................156 7.6.3 Polyesters Sterilization ..................................................................................................................157 7.6.4 Polyesters Biocompatibility ...........................................................................................................157 7.6.5 Polyesters Joining ..........................................................................................................................157 7.6.6 Polyesters Applications .................................................................................................................157 7.7 Copolyesters .............................................................................................................................................158 7.7.1 Copolyesters Production and Properties .......................................................................................160 7.7.2 Copolyesters Chemical Resistance ................................................................................................160 7.7.3 Copolyesters Sterilization ..............................................................................................................161 7.7.4 Copolyesters Biocompatibility ...................................................................................................... 161 7.7.5 Copolyesters Joining and Welding ................................................................................................ 161 7.7.6 Copolyesters Applications ............................................................................................................. 162 7.8 Polyamides............................................................................................................................................... 162 7.8.1 Polyamides Production and Properties .......................................................................................... 164 7.8.2 Polyamides Chemical Resistance .................................................................................................. 166 7.8.3 Polyamides Sterilization ................................................................................................................ 167 7.8.4 Polyamides Biocompatibility ........................................................................................................ 167 7.8.5 Polyamides Joining and Welding ..................................................................................................171 7.8.6 Polyamides Applications ............................................................................................................... 171 7.9 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................... 171 7.10 Engineering Thermoplastic Suppliers ..................................................................................................... 172 References ................................................................................................................................................ 172 8 High-Temperature Engineering Thermoplastics: Polysulfones, Polyimides, Polysulfldes, Polyketones, Liquid Crystalline Polymers, and Fluoropolymers ...........................................................175 8.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 175 8.2 Polysulfones (PSUs) ................................................................................................................................ 176 8.2.1 Polysulfones Production ................................................................................................................177 8.2.2 Polysulfones Properties ................................................................................................................. 178 8.2.3 Polysulfones Chemical Resistance ................................................................................................ 178 8.2.4 Polysulfones Sterilization ..............................................................................................................178 8.2.5 Polysulfones Biocompatibility ...................................................................................................... 179 8.2.6 Polysulfones Joining and Welding ................................................................................................ 181 8.2.7 Polysulfones Applications ............................................................................................................. 181 8.3 Polyimides ............................................................................................................................................... 183 8.3.1 Polyimides Production ................................................................................................................... 184 8.3.2 Polyimides Properties .................................................................................................................... 185 8.3.3 PEIs Chemical Resistance ............................................................................................................. 185 8.3.4 PEIs Sterilization ........................................................................................................................... 185 8.3.5 PEIs Biocompatibility ...................................................................................................................186 8.3.6 PEIs Joining and Welding ............................................................................................................. 186 8.3.7 PEIs Applications .......................................................................................................................... 188 Contents 8.4 Polyamide-Imides (PAIs) .........................................................................................................................188 8.4.1 PAIs Production .............................................................................................................................188 8.4.2 PAIs Properties ..............................................................................................................................188 8.4.3 PAIs Chemical Resistance and Sterilization ................................................................................. 188 8.4.4 PAIs Joining and Welding .............................................................................................................188 8.4.5 PAIs Applications ..........................................................................................................................188 8.5 Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS)................................................................................................................... 189 8.5.1 PPS Production and Properties ......................................................................................................189 8.5.2 PPS Chemical Resistance ..............................................................................................................189 8.5.3 PPS Sterilization ............................................................................................................................190 8.5.4 PPS Joining and Welding ..............................................................................................................191 8.5.5 PPS Applications ...........................................................................................................................191 8.6 Polyether Ether Ketones (PEEKs) ...........................................................................................................191 8.6.1 Polyaryletherketones Production ...................................................................................................192 8.6.2 Polyaryletherketones Properties ....................................................................................................194 8.6.3 Polyaryletherketones Chemical Resistance ................................................................................... 194 8.6.4 Polyaryletherketones Sterilization .................................................................................................195 8.6.5 Polyaryletherketones Biocompatibility .........................................................................................195 8.6.6 Polyaryletherketones Joining and Welding ...................................................................................196 8.6.7 Polyaryletherketones Applications ................................................................................................197 8.7 Liquid Crystalline Polymers (LCPs) .......................................................................................................197 8.7.1 LCPs Production ............................................................................................................................201 8.7.2 LCPs Properties .............................................................................................................................201 8.7.3 LCPs Chemical Resistance and Sterilization ................................................................................202 8.7.4 LCPs Joining and Welding ............................................................................................................204 8.7.5 LCPs Applications—Examples .....................................................................................................204 8.8 Fluoropolymers ........................................................................................................................................204 8.8.1 Fluoropolymers Production ...........................................................................................................206 8.8.2 Fluoropolymers Properties ............................................................................................................208 8.8.3 Fluoropolymers Chemical Resistance ...........................................................................................209 8.8.4 Fluoropolymers Sterilization .........................................................................................................209 8.8.5 Fluoropolymers Biocompatibility .................................................................................................211 8.8.6 Fluoropolymers Joining and Welding ...........................................................................................211 8.8.7 Fluoropolymers Applications — Examples ....................................................................................211 8.9 Conclusions ..............................................................................................................................................211 8.10 Suppliers ..................................................................................................................................................214 References ................................................................................................................................................214 9 Other Polymers: Styrenics, Silicones, Thermoplastic Elastomers, Biopolymers, and Thermosets .............................................................................................................................................217 9.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................217 9.2 Styrenics ...................................................................................................................................................217 9.2.1 Styrenics Production ......................................................................................................................217 9.2.2 Styrenics Properties .......................................................................................................................219 9.2.3 Styrenics Chemical Resistance ......................................................................................................221 9.2.4 Styrenics Sterilization ....................................................................................................................222 9.2.5 Styrenics Biocompatibility ............................................................................................................222 Contents xi 9.2.6 Styrenics Joining and Welding ......................................................................................................223 9.2.7 Styrenics Medical Device Applications ........................................................................................224 9.3 Silicones ...................................................................................................................................................224 9.3.1 Silicones Production ......................................................................................................................225 9.3.2 Silicones Properties .......................................................................................................................226 9.3.3 Silicones Chemical Resistance ......................................................................................................230 9.3.4 Silicones Sterilization ....................................................................................................................230 9.3.5 Silicones Biocompatibility ............................................................................................................231 9.3.6 Silicones Joining and Welding ......................................................................................................232 9.3.7 Silicones Medical Device Applications ........................................................................................232 9.4 Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs) ...........................................................................................................232 9.4.1 Thermoplastic Elastomers Production ..........................................................................................234 9.4.2 Thermoplastic Elastomers Properties ............................................................................................236 9.4.3 Thermoplastic Elastomers Chemical Resistance ..........................................................................237 9.4.4 Thermoplastic Elastomers Sterilization ........................................................................................239 9.4.5 Thermoplastic Elastomers Biocompatibility .................................................................................239 9.4.6 Thermoplastic Elastomers Joining and Welding ...........................................................................239 9.4.7 Thermoplastic Elastomers Applications ........................................................................................242 9.5 Biopolymers.............................................................................................................................................242 9.5.1 Biopolymers Production ................................................................................................................246 9.5.2 Biopolymers Properties .................................................................................................................247 9.5.3 Biopolymers Chemical Resistance ................................................................................................249 9.5.4 Biopolymers Sterilization ..............................................................................................................250 9.5.5 Biopolymers Biocompatibility ......................................................................................................251 9.5.6 Biopolymers Joining and Welding ................................................................................................253 9.5.7 Biopolymers Medical Device Applications ..................................................................................254 9.6 Thermosets ...............................................................................................................................................254 9.6.1 Thermosets Production ..................................................................................................................254 9.6.2 Thermosets Properties ...................................................................................................................254 9.6.3 Thermosets Medical Device Applications ....................................................................................257 9.7 Conclusion ...............................................................................................................................................259 9.8 Suppliers ..................................................................................................................................................259 References ................................................................................................................................................261 Appendix .........................................................................................................................................................263 Polymer Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................263 Polymer Chemical Resistance .................................................................................................................265 Sterilization of Polymers .........................................................................................................................266 Index ................................................................................................................................... .............................267 Plastics Design Library and its logo are trademarks of Elsevier Inc. Plastics in Medical Devices: Properties, Requirements, and Applications A unique survey of plastics used in medical devices and their applications, including numerous data tables, and a wealth of real-world insight and guidance. Plastics in Medical Devices provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of all the main types of plastics used in medical device applications. The author takes a practical approach to the subject, focusing on applications and the properties that are most important in medical device design, such as chemical resistance, sterilization capability, and biocompatibility. The synthesis and production of each polymer or family of polymers are described in some detail. This is because the monomers, solvents, and catalysts employed in their synthesis and their purification methods will have an effect on critical properties like sterilization and biocompatibility. Vinny Sastri supports these detailed descriptions with a wealth of data tables. The property tables for the materials are those of the unfilled, virgin polymers. The data presented is a composite obtained from various commercial grades. The author also considers the roles of additives, stabilizers, and fillers. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Vinny R. Sastri, Ph.D., is the President of WINOVIA* LLC (www.winovia.com). WINOVIA helps companies to increase their revenue and profitability via customized solutions, strategies, training and implementation of effective, self-sustaining new product development and quality management processes. Dr. Sastri is a certified Six Sigma black-belt with expertise in Six Sigma* and Design for Six Sigma. Prior to starting WINOVIA, Dr. Sastri held global leadership positions in technology, quality, manufacturing and marketing in companies including BASF, AlliedSignal and General Electric Plastics. His 25 years in the industry span technology, manufacturing, marketing, and quality, and include experience in the United States, Europe and Asia. RELATED TITLES Fatigue and Tribological Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Edition Laurence W. McKeen © 2010 ISBN 978-0-08-096450-8 Additives for Polyolefins: Getting the Most Out of Polypropylene, Polyethylene and TPO Michael Tolinski © 2009 ISBN 978-0-8155-2051-1 The Effect of Creep and Other Time Related Factors on Plastics and Elastomers, 2nd Edition Laurence W. McKeen © 2009 ISBN 978-0-8155-1585-2 William Andrew Applied Science Publishers www.williamandrew.com
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illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-07-09T22:46:55Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9780815520276 0815520271
language	English
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oclc_num	711801192
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owner	DE-83 DE-1047 DE-703
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physical	XV, 271 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
publishDate	2010
publishDateSearch	2010
publishDateSort	2010
publisher	Elsevier, William Andrew
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series2	PDL handbook series
spelling	Sastri, Vinny R. Verfasser aut Plastics in medical devices properties, requirements and applications Vinny R. Sastri 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, William Andrew 2010 XV, 271 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier PDL handbook series Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 gnd rswk-swf Medizintechnik (DE-588)4074676-8 gnd rswk-swf Plastics in medicine Medical instruments and apparatus / Design and construction Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 s Medizintechnik (DE-588)4074676-8 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020654051&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020654051&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext
spellingShingle	Sastri, Vinny R. Plastics in medical devices properties, requirements and applications Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 gnd Medizintechnik (DE-588)4074676-8 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4033676-1 (DE-588)4074676-8
title	Plastics in medical devices properties, requirements and applications
title_auth	Plastics in medical devices properties, requirements and applications
title_exact_search	Plastics in medical devices properties, requirements and applications
title_full	Plastics in medical devices properties, requirements and applications Vinny R. Sastri
title_fullStr	Plastics in medical devices properties, requirements and applications Vinny R. Sastri
title_full_unstemmed	Plastics in medical devices properties, requirements and applications Vinny R. Sastri
title_short	Plastics in medical devices
title_sort	plastics in medical devices properties requirements and applications
title_sub	properties, requirements and applications
topic	Kunststoff (DE-588)4033676-1 gnd Medizintechnik (DE-588)4074676-8 gnd
topic_facet	Kunststoff Medizintechnik
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020654051&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020654051&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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