Geochemistry of European bottled water:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Stuttgart
Borntraeger
2010
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 268 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) |
| ISBN: | 9783443010676 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Geochemistry of European bottled water |c ed. by Clemens Reimann ... |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Geochemistry of European bottled water
Autor: Reimann, Clemens
Jahr: 2010
Table of Contents
Project Staff............................................................................................................................................... V
Foreword by the Secretary General of EuroGeoSurveys.......................................................................... IX
Foreword by the President of the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources,
Germany and the Director of the Geological Survey of Norway.................................................... XI
Abstract..................................................................................................................................................... 1
1 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 3
1.1 The Concept of the Geochemistry of European Bottled Water Project....................................... 3
1.2 What is Groundwater?................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 What is Mineral Water?.................................................................................................................. 5
1.3.1 From Mineral Water Springs and Spas to the Bottled Water Market.............................................. 6
1.4 The Legal Framework: Bottled Waters, Spring Waters and Mineral Waters................................... 7
1.4.1 Natural Mineral Water.................................................................................................................... 8
1.4.2 Spring Water.................................................................................................................................. 11
1.4.3 Other Bottled Water / Table Water.................................................................................................. 11
1.4.4 Medicinal Waters........................................................................................................................... 11
1.5 What does this Atlas Represent?.................................................................................................. 11
2 The Hydrochemistry of Groundwater............................................................................... 13
2.1 The Influence of Rainfall................................................................................................................ 13
2.2 The Influence of Vegetation........................................................................................................... 13
2.3 The Influence of Soil...................................................................................................................... 13
2.4 Acid-Base Reactions..................................................................................................................... 14
2.5 Dissolution Reactions.................................................................................................................... 14
2.6 Redox Reactions........................................................................................................................... 14
2.7 Mixing with deep Saline Waters..................................................................................................... 15
2.8 Carbon Dioxide.............................................................................................................................. 15
2.9 WaterTypes................................................................................................................................... 15
3 Background Information....................................................................................................... 17
3.1 Topography.................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2 Geology......................................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.1 Mineral Deposits of Europe........................................................................................................... 22
3.2.2 Hydrogeological map of Europe.................................................................................................... 23
3.3 Soil................................................................................................................................................. 23
3.4 Climate........................................................................................................................................... 24
3.5 Vegetation and Land Use.............................................................................................................. 25
3.6 Human Activities............................................................................................................................ 25
4 Methods...................................................................................................................................... 29
4.1 Sampling........................................................................................................................................ 29
4.2 Analyses........................................................................................................................................ 29
4.2.1 Sample preparation....................................................................................................................... 33
4.2.2 ICP-QMS analyses........................................................................................................................ 33
4.2.3 ICP-AES analyses......................................................................................................................... 34
4.2.4 Atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS)...................................................................................... 35
4.2.5 Ion Chromatography (IC)............................................................................................................... 35
4.2.6 Photometric analyses.................................................................................................................... 35
4.2.7 Titration.......................................................................................................................................... 35
4.2.8 Potentiometry................................................................................................................................. 35
4.2.9 Conductometry.............................................................................................................................. 35
IV Table of Contents
4.3 Quality Control............................................................................................................................... 35
4.3.1 International Reference Materials.................................................................................................. 36
4.3.2 The in-house MinWas project standard......................................................................................... 36
4.3.3 Sample blanks............................................................................................................................... 36
4.3.4 Detection limits.............................................................................................................................. 36
4.3.5 Duplicate analyses......................................................................................................................... 43
4.3.6 Comparison of analytical results with the water composition provided on the labels.................... 43
4.3.7 Re-analyses of selected samples.................................................................................................. 44
4.4 Possible Problems with the Data in Terms of Representing True Groundwater Quality
or being able to Reflect Geology ................................................................................................. 46
4.4.1 Bottle leaching............................................................................................................................... 46
4.4.2 The effect of carbonatisation......................................................................................................... 48
4.4.3 Other forms of water treatment...................................................................................................... 48
4.4.4 Further possible disturbing factors................................................................................................. 51
4.5 Data Analysis and Mapping........................................................................................................... 51
5 Datasets..................................................................................................................................... 52
5.1 Bottled Water................................................................................................................................. 52
5.2 European Tap Water...................................................................................................................... 52
5.3 Other Datasets............................................................................................................................... 52
6 Comparing Bottled Water with European Tap Water, Hardrock Groundwater
from Norway and European Surface Water.................................................................... 53
7 Maps and their Interpretation............................................................................................. 63
8 Health Implications................................................................................................................. 201
8.1 Elements with established MAC-Values for Mineral Water
(EU Directive 2003/40/EC Mineral Water)..................................................................................... 202
Antimony, p. 202; Arsenic, p. 202; Barium, p. 203; Cadmium, p. 203; Chromium, p. 203;
Copper, p. 203; Fluoride, p. 204; Lead, p. 204; Manganese, p. 204; Mercury, p. 204;
Nickel, p. 205; Nitrate, p. 205; Nitrite, p. 205; Selenium, p. 205
8.2 Elements (Parameters) with Established MAC (or Guideline)-Values for Drinking Water
(EC Directive 98/83/EC) but not for Mineral Water........................................................................ 205
Aluminium, p. 205; Ammonium, p. 206; Boron, p. 206; Chloride, p. 206;
Electrical conductivity (EC), p. 206; Iron, p. 206; pH-value, p. 206; Sodium, p. 206;
Sulphate, p. 207
8.3 Elements with non-EU Drinking Water MAC Values...................................................................... 207
Silver, p. 207; Beryllium, p. 207; Molybdenum, p. 207; Strontium, p. 207; Thallium, p. 207;
Uranium, p. 207; Vanadium, p. 208; Zinc, p. 208
8.4 Other Health-Relevant Elements................................................................................................... 208
Iodine, p. 208; Lithium (Rubidium, Caesium), p. 208; Rare Earth Elements, p. 209;
Thorium, p. 209
8.5 Additional Remarks....................................................................................................................... 209
9 Conclusions.............................................................................................................................. 211
References................................................................................................................................................ 213
Appendix A (Table of Water Action Levels as defined by the EU and for the majority of Countries
from which water samples are included in this study)................................................................... 221
Appendix B (Statistical summary table for the datasets used in this Atlas)............................................... 251
Contents included on the Data CD-ROM.................................................................................................. 268
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| spellingShingle | Geochemistry of European bottled water Wasseranalyse (DE-588)4079058-7 gnd Mineralquelle (DE-588)4170037-5 gnd Hydrogeochemie (DE-588)4225478-4 gnd Mineralwasser (DE-588)4114605-0 gnd Grundwasser (DE-588)4022369-3 gnd |
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| title | Geochemistry of European bottled water |
| title_auth | Geochemistry of European bottled water |
| title_exact_search | Geochemistry of European bottled water |
| title_full | Geochemistry of European bottled water ed. by Clemens Reimann ... |
| title_fullStr | Geochemistry of European bottled water ed. by Clemens Reimann ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geochemistry of European bottled water ed. by Clemens Reimann ... |
| title_short | Geochemistry of European bottled water |
| title_sort | geochemistry of european bottled water |
| topic | Wasseranalyse (DE-588)4079058-7 gnd Mineralquelle (DE-588)4170037-5 gnd Hydrogeochemie (DE-588)4225478-4 gnd Mineralwasser (DE-588)4114605-0 gnd Grundwasser (DE-588)4022369-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Wasseranalyse Mineralquelle Hydrogeochemie Mineralwasser Grundwasser Europa Datensammlung |
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