Charms of the cynical reason: the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture
Gespeichert in:
1. Verfasser: | |
---|---|
Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | English |
Veröffentlicht: |
Boston, Mass.
Academic Studies Press
2011
|
Schriftenreihe: | Cultural revolutions
|
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | Erscheint auch als Open Access bei De Gruyter |
Beschreibung: | 296 S. Ill. |
ISBN: | 9781934843451 |
DOI: | 10.1515/9781618118509 |
Internformat
MARC
LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
---|---|---|---|
001 | BV036666165 | ||
003 | DE-604 | ||
005 | 20191210 | ||
007 | t | ||
008 | 100913s2011 a||| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
015 | |a GBB047156 |2 dnb | ||
020 | |a 9781934843451 |c hbk |9 978-1-934843-45-1 | ||
020 | |z 1934843458 |c hbk |9 1-934843-45-8 | ||
035 | |a (OCoLC)705806383 | ||
035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV036666165 | ||
040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
041 | 0 | |a eng | |
049 | |a DE-B1533 |a DE-M100 |a DE-12 |a DE-634 |a DE-210 |a DE-1052 |a DE-521 |a DE-1102 |a DE-1046 |a DE-1047 |a DE-1028 |a DE-Aug4 |a DE-573 |a DE-M347 |a DE-92 |a DE-1051 |a DE-898 |a DE-859 |a DE-860 |a DE-188 |a DE-863 |a DE-862 |a DE-523 |a DE-11 |a DE-Re13 |a DE-70 |a DE-2174 |a DE-127 |a DE-155 |a DE-150 |a DE-154 |a DE-91 |a DE-384 |a DE-473 |a DE-19 |a DE-355 |a DE-703 |a DE-20 |a DE-706 |a DE-824 |a DE-29 |a DE-739 | ||
084 | |a KK 1020 |0 (DE-625)77240: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a KK 2100 |0 (DE-625)77340: |2 rvk | ||
084 | |a 7,41 |2 ssgn | ||
100 | 1 | |a Lipoveckij, Mark Naumovič |d 1964- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)124807739 |4 aut | |
245 | 1 | 0 | |a Charms of the cynical reason |b the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture |c Mark Lipovetsky |
264 | 1 | |a Boston, Mass. |b Academic Studies Press |c 2011 | |
300 | |a 296 S. |b Ill. | ||
336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
490 | 0 | |a Cultural revolutions | |
500 | |a Erscheint auch als Open Access bei De Gruyter | ||
648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 | |
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1992-2010 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
650 | 4 | |a Tricksters / Soviet Union / History / 20th century | |
650 | 4 | |a Tricksters / Russia (Federation) / History / 20th century | |
650 | 4 | |a Tricksters in literature | |
650 | 4 | |a Tricksters in motion pictures | |
650 | 4 | |a Popular culture / Soviet Union | |
650 | 4 | |a Popular culture / Russia (Federation) | |
650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Popkultur |0 (DE-588)4175361-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
650 | 0 | 7 | |a Betrüger |g Motiv |0 (DE-588)4145083-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
651 | 4 | |a Sowjetunion | |
651 | 7 | |a Sowjetunion |0 (DE-588)4077548-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
651 | 7 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
689 | 0 | 0 | |a Russland |0 (DE-588)4076899-5 |D g |
689 | 0 | 1 | |a Popkultur |0 (DE-588)4175361-6 |D s |
689 | 0 | 2 | |a Betrüger |g Motiv |0 (DE-588)4145083-8 |D s |
689 | 0 | 3 | |a Geschichte 1992-2010 |A z |
689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
689 | 1 | 0 | |a Sowjetunion |0 (DE-588)4077548-3 |D g |
689 | 1 | 1 | |a Popkultur |0 (DE-588)4175361-6 |D s |
689 | 1 | 2 | |a Betrüger |g Motiv |0 (DE-588)4145083-8 |D s |
689 | 1 | 3 | |a Geschichte |A z |
689 | 1 | |5 DE-604 | |
776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe, PDF |o 10.1515/9781618118509 |z 978-1-61811-850-9 |
856 | 4 | 1 | |u https://doi.org/10.1515/9781618118509 |x Resolving-System |z kostenfrei |3 Volltext |
856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Passau |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020585356&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
912 | |a ZDB-23-DGG |a ZDB-23-GOA | ||
940 | 1 | |n oe | |
942 | 1 | 1 | |c 809 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 947.08 |
942 | 1 | 1 | |c 306.09 |e 22/bsb |f 0904 |g 947.08 |
943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020585356 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
DE-BY-FWS_katkey | 744936 |
---|---|
_version_ | 1806190301805543424 |
adam_text |
Acknowledgements
9
INTRODUCTION
11
1.
AT THE HEART OF SOVIET CIVILIZATION
25
The Meaning of the Trickster Trope
27
The Trickster's Politics
37
The Trickster Trope and the Soviet Subjectivity
42
Cynical or Kynical?
48
2.
KHULIO KHURENITO: THE TRICKSTER'S REVOLUTION
61
Modernizing the Trickster
65
The Method: Overidentification
76
Why Did Khurenito Decide to Die?
82
3.
OSTAP BENDER: THE KING IS BORN
89
Ostap as Trickster
97
Social Schizophrenia
112
A Kynical King of the Cynics
118
4.
BURATINO: THE UTOPIA OF A FREE MARIONETTE
125
Buratino as a Mediator
131
Buratino as an Artist
140
Buratino as a Cynic
145
5.
VENICHKA: A TRAGIC TRICKSTER
151
The Trickster as the Underground Author
154
Rituals of Expenditure
167
"I Will Not Explain to You Who Were These Four."
174
6.
TRICKSTERS IN DISGUISE: THE TRICKSTER'S TRANSFORMATIONS
IN THE SOVIET FILM OF THE
1960s-70s
193
"Reformed" Tricksters in the Comedies of the
70s- -80s 195
Gaidai's Tricksters
197
Riazanov's Detochkin
200
Daneliia's Buzykin
203
The Art of
Alibi: Stierlitz
as the Soviet Intelligent
210
Who are you working for?
216
The Imperial Mediator
222
Stierlitz
s
Afterlife
226
7.
SPLITTING THE TRICKSTER: PELEVIN'S SHAPE-SHIFTERS
231
The Society of Shape-Shifters
233
Genealogy of the Heroine
239
A Fairytale about Shape-Shifters
244
The Trickster's Magic/Politics: A Bifurcation Point
251
Cynic Versus Kynic
257
CONCLUSION
267
WORKS CITED
277
INDEX
289 |
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Lipoveckij, Mark Naumovič 1964- |
author_GND | (DE-588)124807739 |
author_facet | Lipoveckij, Mark Naumovič 1964- |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Lipoveckij, Mark Naumovič 1964- |
author_variant | m n l mn mnl |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV036666165 |
classification_rvk | KK 1020 KK 2100 |
collection | ZDB-23-DGG ZDB-23-GOA |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705806383 (DE-599)BVBBV036666165 |
discipline | Slavistik |
doi_str_mv | 10.1515/9781618118509 |
era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte gnd Geschichte 1992-2010 gnd |
era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte Geschichte 1992-2010 |
format | Book |
fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV036666165</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20191210</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">100913s2011 a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="015" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBB047156</subfield><subfield code="2">dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9781934843451</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk</subfield><subfield code="9">978-1-934843-45-1</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="z">1934843458</subfield><subfield code="c">hbk</subfield><subfield code="9">1-934843-45-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)705806383</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV036666165</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-B1533</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M100</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-634</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-210</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1052</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1102</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1046</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1047</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1028</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Aug4</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-573</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M347</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-92</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1051</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-898</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-188</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-863</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-862</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-523</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-11</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-70</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-2174</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-127</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-155</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-150</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-154</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-824</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">KK 1020</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)77240:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">KK 2100</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)77340:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">7,41</subfield><subfield code="2">ssgn</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lipoveckij, Mark Naumovič</subfield><subfield code="d">1964-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)124807739</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Charms of the cynical reason</subfield><subfield code="b">the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture</subfield><subfield code="c">Mark Lipovetsky</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Boston, Mass.</subfield><subfield code="b">Academic Studies Press</subfield><subfield code="c">2011</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">296 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="490" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Cultural revolutions</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Erscheint auch als Open Access bei De Gruyter</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1900-2000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1992-2010</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Tricksters / Soviet Union / History / 20th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Tricksters / Russia (Federation) / History / 20th century</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Tricksters in literature</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Tricksters in motion pictures</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Popular culture / Soviet Union</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Popular culture / Russia (Federation)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Popkultur</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4175361-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Betrüger</subfield><subfield code="g">Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4145083-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Sowjetunion</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Sowjetunion</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4077548-3</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russland</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4076899-5</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Popkultur</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4175361-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Betrüger</subfield><subfield code="g">Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4145083-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte 1992-2010</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Sowjetunion</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4077548-3</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Popkultur</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4175361-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Betrüger</subfield><subfield code="g">Motiv</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4145083-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Erscheint auch als</subfield><subfield code="n">Online-Ausgabe, PDF</subfield><subfield code="o">10.1515/9781618118509</subfield><subfield code="z">978-1-61811-850-9</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="1"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1515/9781618118509</subfield><subfield code="x">Resolving-System</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Passau</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020585356&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-23-DGG</subfield><subfield code="a">ZDB-23-GOA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">809</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">947.08</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="f">0904</subfield><subfield code="g">947.08</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020585356</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
geographic | Sowjetunion Sowjetunion (DE-588)4077548-3 gnd Russland (DE-588)4076899-5 gnd |
geographic_facet | Sowjetunion Russland |
id | DE-604.BV036666165 |
illustrated | Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-08-01T15:01:40Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9781934843451 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020585356 |
oclc_num | 705806383 |
open_access_boolean | 1 |
owner | DE-B1533 DE-M100 DE-12 DE-634 DE-210 DE-1052 DE-521 DE-1102 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-1028 DE-Aug4 DE-573 DE-M347 DE-92 DE-1051 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-859 DE-860 DE-188 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-523 DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-70 DE-2174 DE-127 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-150 DE-154 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-20 DE-706 DE-824 DE-29 DE-739 |
owner_facet | DE-B1533 DE-M100 DE-12 DE-634 DE-210 DE-1052 DE-521 DE-1102 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-1028 DE-Aug4 DE-573 DE-M347 DE-92 DE-1051 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-859 DE-860 DE-188 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-523 DE-11 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-70 DE-2174 DE-127 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-150 DE-154 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-703 DE-20 DE-706 DE-824 DE-29 DE-739 |
physical | 296 S. Ill. |
psigel | ZDB-23-DGG ZDB-23-GOA |
publishDate | 2011 |
publishDateSearch | 2011 |
publishDateSort | 2011 |
publisher | Academic Studies Press |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Cultural revolutions |
spellingShingle | Lipoveckij, Mark Naumovič 1964- Charms of the cynical reason the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture Tricksters / Soviet Union / History / 20th century Tricksters / Russia (Federation) / History / 20th century Tricksters in literature Tricksters in motion pictures Popular culture / Soviet Union Popular culture / Russia (Federation) Geschichte Popkultur (DE-588)4175361-6 gnd Betrüger Motiv (DE-588)4145083-8 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4175361-6 (DE-588)4145083-8 (DE-588)4077548-3 (DE-588)4076899-5 |
title | Charms of the cynical reason the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture |
title_auth | Charms of the cynical reason the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture |
title_exact_search | Charms of the cynical reason the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture |
title_full | Charms of the cynical reason the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture Mark Lipovetsky |
title_fullStr | Charms of the cynical reason the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture Mark Lipovetsky |
title_full_unstemmed | Charms of the cynical reason the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture Mark Lipovetsky |
title_short | Charms of the cynical reason |
title_sort | charms of the cynical reason the trickster s transformations in soviet and post soviet culture |
title_sub | the trickster's transformations in Soviet and post-Soviet culture |
topic | Tricksters / Soviet Union / History / 20th century Tricksters / Russia (Federation) / History / 20th century Tricksters in literature Tricksters in motion pictures Popular culture / Soviet Union Popular culture / Russia (Federation) Geschichte Popkultur (DE-588)4175361-6 gnd Betrüger Motiv (DE-588)4145083-8 gnd |
topic_facet | Tricksters / Soviet Union / History / 20th century Tricksters / Russia (Federation) / History / 20th century Tricksters in literature Tricksters in motion pictures Popular culture / Soviet Union Popular culture / Russia (Federation) Geschichte Popkultur Betrüger Motiv Sowjetunion Russland |
url | https://doi.org/10.1515/9781618118509 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020585356&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
work_keys_str_mv | AT lipoveckijmarknaumovic charmsofthecynicalreasonthetricksterstransformationsinsovietandpostsovietculture |