Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas: 1918 - 1920
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | Estonian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Tartu
Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus
2008
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Dissertationes historiae Universitatis Tartuensis
16 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Officer corps of the Estonian army in the war of independence in 1918 - 1920 |
| Beschreibung: | 311 S. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789949190362 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas |b 1918 - 1920 |c Mati Kröönström |
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| 490 | 1 | |a Dissertationes historiae Universitatis Tartuensis |v 16 | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Officer corps of the Estonian army in the war of independence in 1918 - 1920 | ||
| 502 | |a Zugl.: Tartu, Univ., Ajaloo- ja Arheoloogia Inst., Diss., 2008 | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1918-1920 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Statistik | |
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| 651 | 4 | |a Estonia / Armed Forces / Officers / History / Statistics | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Estonia / History / War of Independence, 1918-1920 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1814344193508638720 |
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| adam_text |
SISUKORD
SISSEJUHATUS
. 8
Probleemiasetus
ja töö eesmärgid. 8
Töö ülesehitus. 11
Historiograafia. 13
Allikad. 21
1. PEATÜKK. EESTI
RELVAJÕUDUDE
ORGANI
SEERIMINE
1918. 23
Eesti
relvajõudude organiseerimise
katsed Saksa okupatsiooni ajal. 23
Nõukogude
Venemaa plaanid ja Punaarmee
Vabadussõja
hakul. 26
Riigikaitse korraldamine. 28
Saksa vägede palkamise küsimus. 31
Rahvaväe formeerimine. 33
2. PEATÜKK. JUHTIDE MOBILISATSIOON. 37
Juhtide mobilisatsioon. 37
Vabatahtlikudjaroodumehed. 42
Kes
võitis Vabadussõja?.
44
Ohvitseridejasődurite suhetest
. 51
3. PEATÜKK. RAHVAVÄE
KÕRGEM
JUHTKOND. 54
Sojavägede Ülemjuhataja ja sojaväe keskasutused. 54
Diviiside juhatused. 59
4. PEATÜKK. JALAVÄE JUHID
VABADUSSÕJAS
. 64
Jalavägi
Vabadussõjas
. 64
Jalaväepolkude ja üksikpataljonide ülemad. 69
Pataljoniülemad. 72
Roodude ja komandode ülemad. 73
5. PEATÜKK. RATSAVÄE JUHID
VABADUSSÕJAS
. 75
Eesti rahvusest ratsaväe ohvitserid Vene
armées
. 75
Ratsaväeohvitserid rahvusväeosades. 77
RatsaväeohvitseridjaVenekodusoda. 78
1. ratsapolgu formeerimine. 79
Eesti ratsaväe juhid
Vabadussõjas
. 82
6. PEATÜKK. SUURTÜKIVÄE JUHID
VABADUSSÕJAS
. 87
Suurtükivägi
Vabadussõjas
. 87
Suurtükiväe formeerimine. 91
Eesti rahvusest suurtükiväeohvitserid Vene
armées
. 94
Suurtükiväe juhid
Vabadussõjas
. 95
7. PEATÜKK. SOOMUSVÄE JUHID. 100
Soomusrongid
Vabadussõjas
. 100
Soomusrongide
Vabadussõja aegne
organisatsioon. 101
Soomusrongide juhid. 103
Rongide ülemad. 106
Soomusrongide suurtükiväe ohvitserid. 108
Soomusrongide dessantüksused. 108
Soomusautode
kolonn
. 110
Soomusautode kolonni juhid. 111
8. PEATÜKK. INSENERIVÄE JUHID. 113
Inseneriväe juhid
Vabadussõjas
. 115
9. PEATÜKK. LAEVASTIKU JUHID
VABADUSSÕJAS
. 118
Laevastik
Vabadussõjas
. 118
Mereväe juhid. 121
lO.PEATÜKK PUNAARMEE JUHTIVKOOSSEIS
VABADUSSÕJAS
. 125
Põhjarinne
/
Läänerinne
. 125
7.
armee
. 128
Nõukogude
Lati
armee
. 132
15.
armee
. 133
6.
kütidiviis
. 134
2.Novgorodi diviis
. 135
10.
kütidiviis
. 136
11.
kütidiviis
. 137
1.
Nõukogude
Lati
kütidiviis
. 138
1.
Eesti kütidiviis (brigaad)
. 138
Punaarmee juhid ja Eesti
Rahvaväe
juhid
. 139
Operatiivtasemejataktikalise
táseme
juhid
. 139
11.
PEATÜKK. EESTI OHVITSERID
VENE
KODUSÕJA
RINNETEL
. 145
Kuidas sattusid eesti ohvitserid
Vene
kodusõtta?.
145
Eesti ohvitseride koguarv
Vene
kodusõjas.
149
Volgamaa, Siber ja Kaug-Ida
. 153
Põhja-Venemaa
. 156
Lõuna-Venemaaja
Kaukaasia
. 157
Baltikum.
158
Eesti ohvitserid Punaarmees
. 159
12.
PEATÜKK EESTI JA
VENE
OHVITSERIDE
VALIKUTEST
1918-1920. 163
Polkovnikute jakaptenite
soda
. 163
Ohvitserid ei
taha
sõdida.
165
Nad
peavad
meid
aitama!
. 169
Sõjavaevõimjatsiviilvõim
. 170
Ülemjuhataja
. 171
Distsipliin. 172
Saksa okupatsioon Eestis
. 173
Rahvustunne ja Vene impeerium
. 175
KOKKUVÕTTEKS:
JÄRELDUSI EESTI RAHVAVÄE
JUHTIDE
ISELOOMUSTUSEKS
. 178
LÜHENDID
. 185
LISAD
. 187
KASUTATUD ALLIKAD JA KIRJANDUS
. 295
Arhiiviallikad
. 295
Kirjandus
. 296
Intemetiallikad. 302
Perioodika
. 302
SUMMARY
. 303
The Officer Corps of the Estonian Army
in the War of Independence in 1
9
1
8-І 920
SUMMARY
The formation of a professional officer corps in the Estonian armed forces took
place in the midst of the War of Independence
(1917-1920)
in parallel with the
formation of national military units. This rapid formation however, is a result of
processes, which began earlier and took up a far greater time scale. The main
prerequisites, which facilitated the formation of a dedicated officer contingent
for Estonian armed forces, were first and foremost the establishment of cadet
corps in the
1860'
s
together with the events of World War I. The first of these
developments was seminal in extending the social base for recruiting young
officers to the Czarist Army and giving young men of lesser social status an
opportunity to pursue careers in the military field.
During the course of World War I more than
2500
ethnic Estonians gra¬
duated either as ensigns, or completed a shortened course in a militaryschool. In
the autumn of
1917
the Russian Army consisted of more the
3000
officers of
Estonian origin
-
making up more than
1%
of the total officer corps (a census
taken in
1897
showed ethnic Estonians accounting for
0,8%
of the population of
the Russian Empire). The higher than average ratio of officers of Estonian
origin can probably be attributed to the above par level of education of the
Estonian populace in relation to most other nationalities of the empire.
The object of this paper is to study the history of commanding officers
serving in the Estonian armed forces during the course of the War of Estonian
Independence between
1918
and
1920.
For the purposes of this paper,
commanding officers are defined as members of the armed forces ranging from
the commander in chief down to and including commanding officers of
companies, cavalry squadrons and artillery batteries who served in their
respective units for at least one month. This paper deals with units that were
formed in Estonia, manned by Estonians, and subordinated to the commander of
Estonian armed forces. Special detail is devoted to units that were directly
engaged in hostilities.
The War of Estonian Independence, which broke out in November
1918,
mobilized nearly
2000
officers into the ranks of Estonian armed forces. This
number is estimated to make up
2/3
of all officers of Estonian birth living at the
time. This work surveys the undertakings of
739
of these men
-
out of whom
some
700
were former officers of the Imperial Russian Army. By July
1919
(i.e.
after the end of the
"Landeswehr" war)
the active officer base at the front
consisted of
1109
officers
-
out of whom some
750
served in infantry regiments
or single infantry battalions. In view of these numbers it can be argued that
officers studied in this paper make up a sufficient proportion of the total officer
base, and hence should serve as a good basis for making generalizations about
the Estonian officer class in general.
303
The fact that Estonian armed forces were formed during the course of
ongoing battles was apparent in both the manner in which troops were
mobilized and their structure. The initial formation, which consisted of one
division, was intrinsically unsuitable for warfare on two fronts. Overlapping
command structures and lack of a supreme commanding officer at the initial
phase of the war hindered operational command. Organizational structure and
coherent battle commands matured by the spring of
1919.
In the opening stages of conflict the effect of the Russian Revolution was
tangible. Anti-war and Bolshvik sentiment amongst the populace ran high, and
formation of units was often accompanied by clashes between commanding
officers and freshly mobilized troops. In the opposite end of the spectrum a
number of volunteers had no history of military service, placing an additional
burden on officers. Units manned by volunteers were possessed of high morale,
but were in effect difficult to command. It was not uncommon for officers to
tackle the problem by conducting training for inexperienced combatants
between battles.
The problem of under manning was not limited to soldiers, as many officers
also failed to turn up for service at the beginning of the war
-
when the total
number of mobilized officers and military officials stood at a mere
600.
To
place this scarcity of officers into context, it must be pointed out that in the
spring of
1918
Estonian national units contained some
2000
officers. These
figures show that the number of officers who entered the war was initially
considerably below the actual number living in Estonia at the time. The
majority of officers took up the call in the opening weeks however.
Prior experience with national military units belonging to the Czarist Army
convinced the organizers of the national mobilization that a system of
background checks was necessary before an applicant could be enrolled for
service in the freshy formed national army, as Bolshevik convictions were not
uncommon amongst Estonian officers commanding those units. An officer
applying for a post in a new unit who was unknown to other combatants in that
unit needed to submit a positive reference to attest to his character from either a
fellow officer or some distinguished member of the Estonian national elite. This
system of positive references was unlikely to have been enforced in all the
formed units.
As a rule, units formed in the initial stages of the war received best officers
due to the higher motivation of those who voluntarily applied for such a post.
Initially enrolled officers often had close personal ties rooted in co-service in
former national units of the Russian Army or some other form of prior
affiliation. Officers in command of these earliest units literally formed the corps
d
'elite of Estonian armed forces, acting as the center around which new units
could be formed later on. The units formed around the best and most willing
officers later acted as donors to supply officers in turn to completely new
fighting units
-
a good example being the formation of armored train units,
which were manned using officers of the
1st
infantry regiment.
304
Out of all the premier commanding officers that commanded the Estonian
Army during the War of Estonian Independence, roughly
360 -
around half the
total number of high rank commanders
-
served in Estonian national units of the
Russian Army. However
-
when one looks at officers who gathered the greatest
distinction during the war, it becomes apparent that a vast majority had such a
background, leading one to conclude that the majority of combatants enlisted
into the ranks of Estonian national units of the Russian Army were in fact
nationalistically minded.
From all the branches of arms, infantry was dominant. In fact, out of all the
leadership of Estonian Armed Forces, around
75%
had finished infantry
schools. Cavalry and artillery had infantry officers as parts of commanding
cadre alongside dedicated specialists. The cavalry contingent of Estonian
Armed Forces only had two cavalry officers, the rest being made up of
11
infantry commanders out of whom
6
had no beforehand experience with cavalry
units. A similar situation was to be found in the artillery units, which had a total
of
80
artillery officers making up a command structure of twice that number
supplemented by infantry officers.
A full
76%
of all commanding officers in the War of Estonian Independence
were wartime officers, who were not in active service at the beginning of the
war. A total of
79
commissioned officers of Estonian descent took part in the
war. Senior officers were especially notable in their absence. Out of
22
Estonian
colonels, only
4
took part in the war. The ranks of lieutenant colonels were even
more underrepresented, with only
4
participants out of a total of
32.
None of the
three generals of Estonian descent living at the time took part of the war.
Summarizing these numbers shows that out of
57
Estonian senior officers, only
17
participated in the war.
The majority of division, brigade and single battalion commanders had the
status of commissioned officers. The War of Estonian Independence saw
35
officers serving as brigade and single battalion commanders. Amongst these
35
men,
14
were active officers. The proportion of commissioned officers
commanding units below brigade level was considerably lower. Commissioned
officers accounted for only
5
of a total of
60
commanders in charge of infantry
battalions. Company leaders could boast only
5
commissioned officers. These
statistics reflect the fact that most of the regiment and battalion commanders
were wartime officers.
Estonian infantry regiments could be likened to Russian infantry regiments
in
1917
with respect to the fact that they only consisted of one or two
commissioned officers besides the commander of the unit. The war also
included some units that contained no commissioned officers with a history of
service in the Russian Army
-
mainly units manned by volunteers, such as
Kuperjanov's Partisan Unit, "Kalevlaste
Maleva"
along with some armored
train units.
In general the probability of a commanding officer having served as
commander of an equivalent unit in the Russian Army was inversely
305
proportional
to that officer's age. The majority of company commanders had
preceding experience as company leaders. The number of experienced battalion
commanders was far more limited, and at regiment level the number of
practiced regiment commanders stood at a negligible two experienced officers.
Battalion commanders with experience of leading battalion or company-sized
units from WWI were in charge of just over half the battalions. Moving further
up to brigade and division levels, we see that the Estonian Army had in fact no
officers with first-hand practice of leading brigade or division level units before
the war. The lack of sufficient commanding experience was even more
pronounced in cavalry and artillery units. When it came to officers with
commanding experience the former had to make do with at best squadron
leaders, and the latter with junior officers of artillery batteries.
Scarcity of senior officers was most likely the leading factor explaining the
fact that unit commanders were not very often replaced during the course of the
war. As a rule, brigades had one or two, at most three commanders throughout
the entire war. In the artillery and engineers units even lower level leaders were
hardly ever replaced.
Armored train units were not conceived as part of the initial formation of
national forces, but were rather an outgrowth of spontaneous improvisation
during the course of fighting, with weapons, tactics and manning all perfected
throughout the war, as specialized skills needed to maintain such units gradually
grew. None of the armored train commanders had been in charge of one before
the war. In spite of this, they were notable for their high level of general
education. A similarly high proportion of educated commanders were to be
found amongst engineer officers. The armoured train officers were mostly
young infantry officers, who had received the rank of lieutenant or stabs-captain
by the fall of
1917.
The combat trains were divided between narrow and broad-
track trains. In general, the commanders of broad-track trains had slightly better
training and preparation than their narrow-track counterparts. Unlike armored
train commanders, commanders of armored cars did have some commanders
with prior experience of service in such units.
A lack of sufficiently qualified officers was most keenly felt in the general
staff level and when it came to officers in some specialized fields. Most acute
shortcomings of knowledgeable officers appeared in the central command level
and division level staffs, together with navy and artillery commands. By the end
of WWI, the Russian Army included some
16-17
general-staff officers of
Estonian descent out of whom only
6
took part in the War of Estonian
Independence. Largely because of this the staff of the supreme commander of
Estonian armed forces, the general staff of the Estonian armed forces, as well as
division commanding staffs contained a large number of junior officers in
offices that were disproportionate to their actual training and experience.
Despite the obvious problems, scarcity of senior officers was in some ways
even helpful, as all the senior officers who were given commanding posts had
plenty of duties, which in turn meant that unproductive rivalry in getting top
306
posts was kept to a minimum. It was especially important, that all the senior
officers accepted
Johan
Laidoner as supreme commander, whose post was never
seriously challenged throughout the war.
The above mentioned scarcity of specialists meant that at the initial stages of
the war, the navy in particular contained a large number of officers of German
and Russian descent, many of whom went on to fight in the ranks of the Russian
whites in the larger Russian Civil War after spring
1919.
Fighting ships suffered
the most notable lack of commanders, as most Estonian naval officers had by
the fall of
1917
only attained the rank of mid-shipmen. If they had any
commanding experience at all, it usually meant prior service aboard a transport
vessel or a mine trawler, hence the situation was somewhat better for Estonian
mine trawler units.
When making comparisons between senior staffs of the opposing sides it
becomes apparent, that the Red Army had vastly more experienced senior staff
officers, with units fighting Estonian forces being led by former Russian Army
general-staff officers, generals and elder staff commanders at front, army and
division levels. The situation was reversed when judging the competence of
mid-level and junior ranking officers
-
that is comparing the commanders who
led the units in actual battles, as Estonian brigade, battalion and company
commanders proved to have superior tactical combat skills over their Russian
counterparts. A unit especially noteworthy for lacking competent leaders was
the Estonian Red Rifle Division. Reflecting on these tendencies, it could be said
that the soviet authorities were able to use a mix of incentives and intimidation
to recruit an impressive number of generals and general-staff officers to their
ranks (numbering in their hundreds), but were unable to extend sufficient
recruitment ratios to lieutenant and captain levels requiring thousands of
officers.
Although the general tendency was for Estonian junior officers to have been
better trained than their Russian counterparts, it does not discount the fact that
significant portions of Estonian junior officers were lacking in combat
experience. Out of
739
Estonian commanders studied in this work,
140
were
promoted to the rank of ensigns as recently as
1917,
which meant that they had
no combat experience as commanders. If we add to this number officers who
were promoted to ensigns whilst serving in their respective units as well as
former cadets, petty officers and soldiers of the Imperial Army together with
around a dozen men with no military history at all we get
210
commanders
whose theoretical and practical knowledge was limited accounting for roughly
28%
of all the men researched.
The freshly formed officer corps was very young, with
81,5% (600
persons)
of officers included in this study being younger than
30
years of age (born
beginning with
1889),
and
35,3% (260
persons) younger even than
25
years
(date of birth
1895
and later). The average age of a brigade or independent
single infantry battalion commander was
32
years, with division commanders
35
years of age on average. The archetypal Estonian commanding officer in the
307
War of Estonian Independence was an infantry commander, promoted to ensign
rank either in
1915
or
1916
between
24-30
years of age. By the fall of
1917
he
would have received a rank of stabs-captain or, lieutenant, and would have been
decorated with one to three combat awards.
The majority of Estonian officers finished the military schools in the
Petrograd
military district. Military school and during the war time created
ensign schools based in
Petrograd,
Peterhof,
Gatshina, Oranienbaum and Pskov
trained over half of the Estonian officers. A notable exception to the
Petrograd
military district establishments was the Vilno military school with
45
graduates.
The supreme commander of Estonian Armed Forces, head of the general-staff,
head of artillery
departement,
three division commanders and a number of other
high rank officers could count themselves amongst its graduates.
The Estonian Armed Forces of the period had a relatively democratic code
of conduct, as outward trappings of discipline were not very rigorously
enforced. This was concerned especially to the volunteer units. The relations
between officers and soldiers were less formal
-
a natural result of the fact that
officers and soldiers mostly had the same social background, the demarcation
lines mostly drawn on the basis of education. As the officers included a large
number of former schoolteachers, they had a more effortless way of reaching
out to volunteers, who could have been mismanaged by somewhat "fossilized"
elder commissioned officers.
Officers researched in this work included
52
persons of foreign nationality,
accounting for 6,2?/o of the total. The majority of these were either ethnic
Russians or Germans, but also included some Latvians
(4),
Finns
(2),
Swedes
(4),
Poles
(3),
a Dane and a Tartar. The work includes two officers whose
ethnicity could not be determined. The highest ratio of foreigners could be
found amongst naval officers. The lowest ratio of foreigners was to be found in
the infantry. From the foreigners who did serve in the infantry units several held
posts of high responsibility.
The Russian Civil War included in the region of
800
Estonian officers, with
around
250
serving in the Red Army and roughly
500
in the White armies. A
couple of dozen Estonian officers served in the Ukrainian army or were
inactive. Estonian officers taking part of that war were mostly forcibly
mobilized, with few volunteers. After the Russian Civil War a most of them
opted for service in the Estonian Armed Forces or at least attempted to do so.
In comparison to White Army officers, the core of Estonian officer corps
was younger and possessed stronger bonds of affiliation with the general
populace. The wartime officers and young cadre officers that served in the
Russian Civil War did not have enough time to form strong links with the
Russian officer corps, which was in fact a closed caste style institution.
When contrasting Estonia and Russia as bases for the anti-bolshevik
struggle, it is clear that Estonia had some distinct advantages. The German
occupation, which ensued after February
1918
took the momentum away from
revolutionary processes in Estonia by forcing the most active elements of the
308
Bolshevik movement to turn their attention to Russia. The extensive land
reforms of
1918
saw the Russian peasant populace indulge in land-grabs. As the
German occupation of
1918
did not bring with it a redistribution of land, the
Estonian government did not have such tools to motivate its soldiers. Estonian
officers and soldiers alike eagerly waited the settling of land disputes.
In conclusion it must be emphasized that the role of officers in the War of
Estonian Independence was considerable, especially in the initial phases. The
Estonian Armed Forces were in fact created by a few hundred nationalistically
minded young officers, led by a couple of relatively young senior officers with
general-staff academy training. It was not until the spring of
1919
that the
number of mobilized troops started growing at a rapid rate, achieving
proportions tantamount to a "people's war" against the
Landeswehr in
the
summer of
1919.
It is beyond dispute that without the sacrifice and
determination of a few dedicated officers and volunteers at the start of the war,
the people of Estonia would never have had the chance of waging "their war".
309 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kröönström, Mati 1965- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)142040320 |
| author_facet | Kröönström, Mati 1965- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kröönström, Mati 1965- |
| author_variant | m k mk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036629359 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705758913 (DE-599)BVBBV036629359 |
| era | Geschichte 1918-1920 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1918-1920 |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Estonia / Armed Forces / Officers / History Estonia / Armed Forces / Officers / History / Statistics Estonia / History / War of Independence, 1918-1920 Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Estonia / Armed Forces / Officers / History Estonia / Armed Forces / Officers / History / Statistics Estonia / History / War of Independence, 1918-1920 Estland |
| id | DE-604.BV036629359 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-10-30T13:04:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789949190362 |
| language | Estonian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020549209 |
| oclc_num | 705758913 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 311 S. 25 cm |
| psigel | BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Dissertationes historiae Universitatis Tartuensis |
| series2 | Dissertationes historiae Universitatis Tartuensis |
| spelling | Kröönström, Mati 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)142040320 aut Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas 1918 - 1920 Mati Kröönström Tartu Tartu Ülikooli Kirjastus 2008 311 S. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Dissertationes historiae Universitatis Tartuensis 16 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T: Officer corps of the Estonian army in the war of independence in 1918 - 1920 Zugl.: Tartu, Univ., Ajaloo- ja Arheoloogia Inst., Diss., 2008 Geschichte 1918-1920 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Statistik Offizier (DE-588)4043375-4 gnd rswk-swf Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Estonia / Armed Forces / Officers / History Estonia / Armed Forces / Officers / History / Statistics Estonia / History / War of Independence, 1918-1920 Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Estland (DE-588)4015587-0 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s Offizier (DE-588)4043375-4 s Geschichte 1918-1920 z DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe, PDF 978-9949-19-037-9 Dissertationes historiae Universitatis Tartuensis 16 (DE-604)BV008169250 16 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020549209&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020549209&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Kröönström, Mati 1965- Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas 1918 - 1920 Dissertationes historiae Universitatis Tartuensis Geschichte Statistik Offizier (DE-588)4043375-4 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043375-4 (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)4015587-0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas 1918 - 1920 |
| title_auth | Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas 1918 - 1920 |
| title_exact_search | Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas 1918 - 1920 |
| title_full | Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas 1918 - 1920 Mati Kröönström |
| title_fullStr | Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas 1918 - 1920 Mati Kröönström |
| title_full_unstemmed | Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas 1918 - 1920 Mati Kröönström |
| title_short | Eesti sõjaväe juhtivkoosseis Vabadussõjas |
| title_sort | eesti sojavae juhtivkoosseis vabadussojas 1918 1920 |
| title_sub | 1918 - 1920 |
| topic | Geschichte Statistik Offizier (DE-588)4043375-4 gnd Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Statistik Offizier Militär Estonia / Armed Forces / Officers / History Estonia / Armed Forces / Officers / History / Statistics Estonia / History / War of Independence, 1918-1920 Estland Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020549209&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020549209&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008169250 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kroonstrommati eestisojavaejuhtivkoosseisvabadussojas19181920 |