Štěpán Plaček: život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Czech |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Ústav pro Studium Totalitních Režimů
2010
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Štěpán Plaček: the life of an intelligence fanatic in the service of the Czechoslovak Communist Party |
| Beschreibung: | 425 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788087211397 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143240464564224 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Obsah
Úvod
........................................................................................................................7
I. Mladá léta
(1909-1945)...................................................................................18
Rodinné zázemí
Aktivním komunistou
Zora Gavričová
Těžká doba okupace
Po válce
II.
Na vrcholu kariéry
(1945-1949)..................................................................40
Nový bezpečnostní aparát
Předúnorové aféry
Politickým zpravodajem
Únorový triumf
Vondráček a Veselíková
Kontakty se Sověty
Jugoslávci, Bulhaři a Poláci
Plačkovy spory
Cesta na Balkán
Z vnitra na spravedlnost
III.
Nečekaný pád
(1949-1957).......................................................................100
Samovazba
Odsouzení
Ve vězení
IV.
Plačkovi vyšetřovatelé
(1949-1953)........................................................129
Jan Musil
Miroslav Pacanda
František Zeipl
Václav Kramosil
Jozef
Kubinec
Bohumil Doubek
V. Vypověděli o Plačkovi
(1949-1968).........................................................142
Krize bezpečnostního aparátu na začátku
50.
let
Svědectví
VI.
Milý Štěpáne
-
Drahá moje
Zotica
(1953-1957).................................158
Rok
1953
Rok
1954
Rok
1955
Rok
1956
Rok
1957
VII.
Nový život
(1957-1992)...........................................................................186
Právní boje
Nová práce
Plačkův rok
1968
Zamračený analytik
V důchodu
VIII.
Nedokončené poznámky
(1973-1975)...............................................218
Několik poznámek o
30.
letech
Vězeňské reminiscence
Básně
Závěr
................................................................................................................... 252
Doslov
................................................................................................................ 257
Prameny a literatura
....................................................................................... 262
Zkratky
.............................................................................................................. 269
Přílohy
................................................................................................................ 277
Archivní materiály
...........................................................................................388
Summary
............................................................................................................414
Rejstřík
...............................................................................................................418
SUMMARY
ŠTĚPÁN PLAČEK
The life of an intelligence fanatic in the service
of the Czechoslovak Communist Party
One of the important factors remaining in the historical development of the
Czechoslovak Republic in the period
1945-1948
is the issue of defining and
determining the direction taken by the Czechoslovak security apparatus of
that time. After all, a long term political power struggle came to a head in the
dispute between the Czechoslovak Communist Party and non-communists
over the validity of the dismissal of eight non-communist district command¬
ers of the National Security Corps in Prague. At the same time, it is not pos¬
sible to ignore the fact that the Czechoslovak Republic had different foreign
policy consequences after the Second World War (such as an alliance with
the USSR). These were also necessarily reflected in the policies that were
asserted in the internal life of the state, and the security apparatus was no
exception in this regard. Together with Jan Frolik and
Karel
Kaplan, I as¬
sert that the Czechoslovak Communist Party found its bearings very quickly
while constructing and building a new security apparatus, and that it made
efficient and effective use of specific components such as state security corps
and intelligence divisions in its political battle.
Another important issue concerning the period
1945-1948
is the role of spe¬
cific individuals in particular disputes and tasks as well as in building a new
security system. In analysing the behaviour of important individual protago¬
nists, we can make many new discoveries. Consequently, I consider it very
important to provide an analysis and description of the activity of the Federal
Security Division
(Zemský odbor bezpečnosti)
followed by that of the Min¬
istry of the Interior s political intelligence department.
Štěpán Plaček
was
extraordinarily active in both these institutions. I consider him to have played
a crucial role and to have been of vital importance in the construction and
operation of intelligence divisions inside the Ministry of the Interior.
Plaček
had unbelievable organisational skills and was incredibly determined. His
unshakeable communist convictions helped him during the most difficult
-414-
struggles and moments of his life. His relations with senior politicians in the
Czechoslovak Communist Party apparatus and the Soviet intelligence appara¬
tus in Prague were of a standard that went far beyond the norm.
Another important matter is the fact that most of the founders of the intel¬
ligence and and state security corps found themselves in prison at the start
of the
1950s.
I think it cannot be disputed that, if they had been genuinely
judged for their actual activities and actions, then the punishments they
received would have at least corresponded to what they got for fabricated
crimes.
Plaček
was also one of those affected by this. As opposed to his col¬
leagues,
Plaček
was arrested two years earlier. At the same time, from a his¬
torian s point of view, it is possible in the first stage of the investigation con¬
ducted against him (at a time when he was accused of Titoism) to evaluate
this as being useful for understanding the mechanisms that operated after
the Second World War inside the security apparatus, i.e. during the period
when
Plaček
was at the height of his power.
The last relevant point in the
Plaček
case is his personal life, which enables
one to find an explanation for his attitudes, value system and moral judge¬
ments. His motivations and mode of operation subsequently add a personal
dimension, which is logically connected with his publicly known speeches and
actions. The picture created of
Štěpán Plaček
in this viewpoint and in the wider
historical context creates a model example of a personality who participated in
intelligence activities for the benefit of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in
the years
1945-1948,
and who was directly involved in his role at the Ministry of
the Interior in establishing the communist regime in February
1948.
The decision to insert
Štěpán Plaček
s
own story into the wider contexts
of the time distinguishes this study from others published to date, not only
with regard to this person but also with respect to the issue of political intel¬
ligence at the Ministry of the Interior. At the same time, it takes account of
another clearly defined area
-
the trials of State Security officers at the start
of the
1950s.
Even from this standpoint,
Plaček s
case is exceptional in many
respects. In this regard, I am not only thinking of things such as the quantity
of documents produced by
Plaček
himself in the arrest of Rudolf
Slánský,
but primarily of the relevance of the content of these documents.
On the basis of a critical study and analysis of the relevant sources and li¬
terature, I have arrived at the presented biographical study of
Štěpán Plaček.
At the same time, I have tried to formulate and insert the basic milestones of
his life within their wider context.
In the first part of the article, I focused on
Plaček s
youth, when he was
a student and became acquainted with Marxist-Leninist ideas as well as
his membership of and activities in the Communist Party. Other important
-415-
SUMMARY
experiences for him include the loss of his mother and brother, the tragic fate
of his father, and the danger he was exposed to during the Nazi occupation.
I also present his wife
Zora Gavrič
and take a closer look at his diffident
attempts at literature.
The second chapter takes note of
Plaček s
career in political intelligence at
the Ministry of the Interior. It takes a closer look at the shape of the security
apparatus after the Second World War in the Czechoslovak Republic and
Plaček s
very active involvement in this. How important a personality was
he from a long-term perspective? How crucial were his activities? Why did
he become a respected individual on the one hand, and a man who also pro¬
voked fear and unease inside the State Security agency on the other? What
did the causes of his downfall consist of?
Plaček
had very good organis¬
ational skills. He was ruthless and he cooperated very closely with officers
from the Soviet, Yugoslav, Bulgarian and other intelligence agencies. Among
other things, he was instrumental in peripheral developments such as intel¬
ligence terminology or the system for training officers from intelligence and
state security divisions. He was rightly considered by his contemporaries to
have been the founding father of the State Security agency.
The third section describes his time in prison, which began in November
1949
and ended in April
1957.
This part deals with the circumstances surrounding
his arrest, the transformation of the purpose of his being investigated (from
Titoism to murder) and testimony from this period (not just statements, but
also his efforts to retrospectively prove the validity and legitimacy of his decisi¬
ons). The subsequent fourth section is directly connected to the third chapter. It
takes a closer look at the personalities of
Plaček s
main investigators.
The fifth section inserts
Plaček s
case into the wider contexts of the relevant
period (into the system of trials with State Security officers). Was his case ex¬
ceptional somehow in comparison with other cases directly connected with
the anti-state conspiracy centre of Rudolf
Slánský?
I consider it interesting
and important to draw attention to the well-known fact (see
Artur
London s
The Confession) that the State Security officers who were arrested incrimina¬
ted and accused each other of various fabricated crimes purely to minimise
their own activities and the danger that evidently threatened them in an¬
other trial in-camera (where they genuinely feared for their life
-
see the case
of
Osvald Závodský). Plaček
was obviously no different. He rejected many
accusations and debated many indictments. He also attributed the guilt for
his wrongdoings onto someone else, ideally someone who was already dead
(e.g. Rudolf
Slánský).
The sixth chapter offers an insight into
Plaček s
inner soul. It analyses his
correspondence with his wife
Zora.
This does not cover the entire period,
-416-
SUMMARY
however. (It concerns a number of letters from the years
1953-1957.)
What
emotions did he experience after his conviction? What did he occupy himself
with in prison? The letters also reveal what information he had about events
in the Czechoslovak Republic and the world.
The seventh chapter takes a closer look at
Plaček s
life after he was relea¬
sed from prison in April
1957
up to his death in February
1992.
It draws at¬
tention to his new hopes, challenges and ambitions (which sometimes rema¬
ined unfulfilled, of course). Imprisonment had an impact on
Plaček s
health.
Nonetheless, despite all the twists and turns of his destiny and the hum¬
iliation he experienced,
Plaček
remained a committed communist. Naturally,
as illustrated by the eighth chapter (based on passages from his unpublished
memoirs), imprisonment marked
Plaček
considerably and represented a
trauma that he often revisited.
I consider the resultant text to be a kind of probe conducted at various
levels: first, it comprises an effort to paint a representative picture of the per¬
sonalities who jointly established the security agenda after the Second World
War; second, it represents an effort to present the nascent instruments of the
repressive system in the Czechoslovak Republic; third it documents the time
in which the storyline is played out. On the basis of the knowledge collated
in the paper, I think that it is possible to come to a general conclusion such as
an understanding of the mechanisms behind the operation of a totalitarian
system.
Plaček s
case undoubtedly raises the issue of the role of the individual in
the machinery of totalitarian power.
Plaček
was in a position where he could
undoubtedly influence and direct things. Unfortunately, it is all too obvious
that not even his abilities or intellect prevented him from acting immorally
and illegally. He threw himself into serving a system that subsequently de¬
voured him. This is clear proof of what I would call internal human pernici-
ousness (self-destructiveness).
-417-
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kalous, Jan 1972- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1088792529 |
| author_facet | Kalous, Jan 1972- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kalous, Jan 1972- |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036627901 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705755827 (DE-599)BVBBV036627901 |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1945-1949 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1945-1949 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Tschechische Republik Tschechoslowakei Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Tschechische Republik Tschechoslowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV036627901 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:44:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788087211397 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020547784 |
| oclc_num | 705755827 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| physical | 425 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Ústav pro Studium Totalitních Režimů |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kalous, Jan 1972- Verfasser (DE-588)1088792529 aut Štěpán Plaček život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ Jan Kalous Praha Ústav pro Studium Totalitních Režimů 2010 425 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Štěpán Plaček: the life of an intelligence fanatic in the service of the Czechoslovak Communist Party Plaček, Štěpán / 1909-1992 czenas Plaček, Štěpán 1909-1992 (DE-588)138648794 gnd rswk-swf Československo / Ministerstvo vnitra czenas Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1945-1949 gnd rswk-swf Agenti / Česko / 20. stol czenas Komunisté / Česko / 20. stol czenas Zpravodajové / Česko / 20. stol czenas Političtí vězni / Československo / 1948-1968 czenas Zpravodajské služby / Československo / 1948-1989 czenas Komunistický režim / Československo / 1948-1989 czenas Secret service agents / Czech Republic / 20th century czenas Communists / Czech Republic / 20th century czenas Reporters / Czech Republic / 20th century czenas Political prisoners / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1968 czenas Intelligence service / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1968 czenas Communist regime / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1989 czenas Politischer Gefangener Geheimdienst (DE-588)4019737-2 gnd rswk-swf Biografie (DE-588)4006804-3 gnd rswk-swf Tschechische Republik Tschechoslowakei Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 gnd rswk-swf Plaček, Štěpán 1909-1992 (DE-588)138648794 p Biografie (DE-588)4006804-3 s DE-604 Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4078435-6 g Geheimdienst (DE-588)4019737-2 s Geschichte 1945-1949 z Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020547784&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020547784&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Kalous, Jan 1972- Štěpán Plaček život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ Plaček, Štěpán / 1909-1992 czenas Plaček, Štěpán 1909-1992 (DE-588)138648794 gnd Československo / Ministerstvo vnitra czenas Agenti / Česko / 20. stol czenas Komunisté / Česko / 20. stol czenas Zpravodajové / Česko / 20. stol czenas Političtí vězni / Československo / 1948-1968 czenas Zpravodajské služby / Československo / 1948-1989 czenas Komunistický režim / Československo / 1948-1989 czenas Secret service agents / Czech Republic / 20th century czenas Communists / Czech Republic / 20th century czenas Reporters / Czech Republic / 20th century czenas Political prisoners / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1968 czenas Intelligence service / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1968 czenas Communist regime / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1989 czenas Politischer Gefangener Geheimdienst (DE-588)4019737-2 gnd Biografie (DE-588)4006804-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)138648794 (DE-588)4019737-2 (DE-588)4006804-3 (DE-588)4078435-6 |
| title | Štěpán Plaček život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ |
| title_auth | Štěpán Plaček život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ |
| title_exact_search | Štěpán Plaček život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ |
| title_full | Štěpán Plaček život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ Jan Kalous |
| title_fullStr | Štěpán Plaček život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ Jan Kalous |
| title_full_unstemmed | Štěpán Plaček život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ Jan Kalous |
| title_short | Štěpán Plaček |
| title_sort | stepan placek zivot zpravodajskeho fanatika ve sluzbach ksc |
| title_sub | život zpravodajského fanatika ve službách KSČ |
| topic | Plaček, Štěpán / 1909-1992 czenas Plaček, Štěpán 1909-1992 (DE-588)138648794 gnd Československo / Ministerstvo vnitra czenas Agenti / Česko / 20. stol czenas Komunisté / Česko / 20. stol czenas Zpravodajové / Česko / 20. stol czenas Političtí vězni / Československo / 1948-1968 czenas Zpravodajské služby / Československo / 1948-1989 czenas Komunistický režim / Československo / 1948-1989 czenas Secret service agents / Czech Republic / 20th century czenas Communists / Czech Republic / 20th century czenas Reporters / Czech Republic / 20th century czenas Political prisoners / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1968 czenas Intelligence service / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1968 czenas Communist regime / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1989 czenas Politischer Gefangener Geheimdienst (DE-588)4019737-2 gnd Biografie (DE-588)4006804-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Plaček, Štěpán / 1909-1992 Plaček, Štěpán 1909-1992 Československo / Ministerstvo vnitra Agenti / Česko / 20. stol Komunisté / Česko / 20. stol Zpravodajové / Česko / 20. stol Političtí vězni / Československo / 1948-1968 Zpravodajské služby / Československo / 1948-1989 Komunistický režim / Československo / 1948-1989 Secret service agents / Czech Republic / 20th century Communists / Czech Republic / 20th century Reporters / Czech Republic / 20th century Political prisoners / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1968 Intelligence service / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1968 Communist regime / Czechoslovakia / 1948-1989 Politischer Gefangener Geheimdienst Biografie Tschechische Republik Tschechoslowakei |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020547784&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020547784&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kalousjan stepanplacekzivotzpravodajskehofanatikavesluzbachksc |