Verfügbarkeit: Cognition :: THWS Bibkatalog

Cognition:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
1. Verfasser:	Whitman, Douglas (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Hoboken, N.J. Wiley 2011
Ausgabe:	1. ed.
Schlagworte:	Cognition Kognitive Psychologie Einführung
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XIX, 603 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780471715665 0471715662

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MARC


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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction to Cognitive Psychology 1 What Is Cognitive Psychology? 2 The Innate Mind and Acquired Mind; The Rationalist and Empiricist Traditions 3 The Middle Ages S The Continuing Debate: Descartes Mind as Rational and Locke s Mind as Empirical 7 René Descartes (1596-1650) and the Innate Mind 7 John Locke (1632-1704) and the Blank Slate 9 Mind as Associations 11 Mind as Brain: Neurology, Phrenology, and Neuropsychology 12 Mind as a Network; From Neurons to Assemblies of Neurons 14 The Mind as Structure 17 Mind as Holistic: Gestalt Psychology 20 Mind as Functional; Evolution and the Adaptive Mind 22 The Adaptive Mind: Logical Positivism and Behaviorism 25 Mind as Rational: Psycholinguisties 26 Mind as an Information Processor: The World Wars and the Development of Intellectual Testing, Information Processing, and Neuropsychology 26 Mind as Computational; Computers, Problem Solving, and Artificial Intelligence 30 What Is Mental Representation? 32 Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neuroscience 33 Inferring Neural Organization Using Cognitive Tasks З З Measuring Brain Activity While Performing Cognitive Tasks 34 The Breakdown of Cognitive Function 35 Caution Regarding Clinical Neuropsychological Cases 36 Conclusions 3 8 Test Yourself Study Questions 40 Key Terms and Concepts 41 Table of Contents Chapter 2 From Sensation to Perception 43 From Sensory Transduction to Perceptions 45 What the Frog s Eye Tells the Frog s Brain 50 The Visual Pathways 56 The What and Where Pathways 57 Building Bridges: Seeing Thunder and Hearing Lightning 60 Gestalt Psychology,- Тор -Down Constructive Perception 62 Pattern Perception 70 Pandemonium 71 David Marr s Information Processing Model of Visual Perception 74 Geon Theory 77 Binding 80 The Agnosias 83 Face Agnosia 85 Faces, Experts, and Objects 87 Summary 100 Test Yourself Study Questions 101 Key Terms and Concepts 101 Chapter 3 Attention in a Noisy World 103 A Case of Left-Sided Neglect; Federico Fellini 104 The Filter Metaphori The Cocktail Party Phenomenon 107 Donald Broadbent s Filter Model 109 The Leaky Filter: Moray and Triesman 110 Early and Late Selection Filters 112 Bottleneck at the Response-Selection Stage 114 The Resource Metaphor 115 You Can t Try Harder When the Task Is Easy 119 Beyond the Single Resource Model 119 Real-World Divided Attention: Cell Phones and Driving 120 Automatic and Controlled Processing 121 labie of Contents Building Bridges Between Mind and Brain: Executive Function, the Supervisory Attentional System, and the Brain 123 Space-Based Attention and Neglect 128 The Spotlight Metaphors Space-Based Attention 128 Posner s Visual Orienting Task: Covert Attention 12 8 Cortical Networks Underlying Spatial Neglect 130 Object-Based Attention 135 Spatial and Object-Oriented Neglect 137 Neglect of Imagined Space 138 Attentional Disorders and the Dysexecutive Syndrome 138 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 143 Conclusions: Attention 144 Test Yourself Study Questions 145 Key Terms and Concepts 146 Chapter 4 The Modal Model of Memory 147 Life Moment by Moment 148 Background for the Modal Model of Memory 150 Memoryi The Modal Model 152 George Sperling s Discovery of Sensory Memory 153 How Long Does Sensory Memory Last? 155 Experiments on the Four-Eared Man 156 The Purpose of Sensory Store 157 How Is Information Coded, or Represented, in Sensory Memory? 158 Short-Term, or Primary, Memory 158 How Much Can Be Stored in Short-Term Memory? 158 Loss ofinformation in Short-Term Memory Store 159 Decay in Short-Term Memory; The Brown-Peterson Task 160 Interference in Short-Term Memory; Proactive and Retroactive 161 Retrieval from Short-Term Memory; The Sternberg Paradigm 165 Coding in Short-Term Memory 166 Phonological Similarity Effect 167 Word Length Effect 167 Articulatory Suppression Effect 167 Semantic Coding in Short-Term Memory 167 xii Table of Contents Summary of the Modal Model of Memory; Transition to Working Memory and Executive Function 170 Test Yourself Study Questions 171 Key Terms and Concepts 172 Chapter 5 Working Memory and the ________ Central Executive 173___________ Patient P.V.; Loss of Verbal Short-Term Memory with Preservation of Visual Short-Term Memory 174 Working Memory Circa 1974 174 Independence of the Visuospatial Sketchpad and the Phonological Loop 176 The Central Executive 177 Working Memory Circa 2000 180 Integration of the Phonological Loop and the Visuospatial Sketchpad 180 Two Routes to Long-Term Memory: Rethinking the Short-Term Store 184 Working Memory and Attention 186 Future Directions of Working Memory 188 Breaking Apart the Visuospatial Sketchpad 188 Building Bridges: The Central Executive and the Frontal Lobes 191 Conclusions 192 Test Yourself Study Questions 194 Key Terms and Concepts 195 Chapter 6 Making Memories 197 P/to 31,811 Digits 198 Factors Influencing Memory Encoding 199 Maintenance versus Elaborative Rehearsal 200 Depth of Processing Model 201 Objections to the Level of Processing Model 206 Table of Contents The Encoding Specificity Principle and State-Dependent Learning 208 Imagery 210 Self-Reference Effect 211 Flashbulb Memories 212 Bartlett s War of the Ghosts ; Memory as Active Reconstruction 215 Electroconvulsive Therapy and Memory 217 Building Bridges: Consolidation of Encoding 220 Memory Destruction versus Memory Reconstruction 223 Conclusions 225 Test Yourself Study Questions 226 Key Terms and Concepts 227 Chapter 7 Retrieval and Memory Distortion 229 Ebbmghaus s Memory Over Time 230 Why Do We Forget? 233 Decay Theory 233 Retrieval Factors: Interference 234 Remembering as a Cause of Forgetting 236 Cue Diffusion 239 Associative Networks: Inhibition 242 Occlusion 243 Suppression and Repression 244 Memory Distortion 245 Eyewitness Testimony 245 Children as Witnesses 2S0 Source Memory 251 Source Monitoring 251 Source Memory and Aging 2 54 Recovered Memories 255 Conclusions: Retrieval and Memory Distortion 257 Test Yourself Study Questions 257 Key Terms and Concepts 258 Table of Contents Chapters Variations of Long-Term Memory 259 K, C: The Loss of Episodic Memory 261 Types of Long-Term Memory 262 Declarative, Explicit Memory: Episodic Memory 263 Neuroanatomieal Separation of Semantic and Episodic Memory 264 Autobiographical Memory 266 Autobiographical Memories Over the Life Span 266 Neural Systems and Episodic, Autobiographical, and Semantic Retrieval 269 Revisiting Consolidation 269 Nondeelarative; Implicit Memory 271 Warrington and Weiskrantz; Implicit Memory Retention in Amnesic Patients 271 Different Methods Reveal Implicit and Explicit Memory 272 Different Time Course for Implicit and Explicit Memory 274 Transfer Specificity and the Distinction Between Implicit and Explicit Memory 275 «I Know Your Face but I Can t Remember , . . ? : Knowing versus Remembering 279 , Feeling of Knowing and Tip-of-the-Tongue as Gradients 280 The Cases of B. G. and J, B,: The Left Remembers, and the Right Knows 282 Do Episodic Memories Become Semantic Memories? 283 Building Bridges.· Temporal Lobe Explicit Memory and Striatum Implicit Memory 284 Conclusions: One Memory or Many? 289 Test Yourself Study Questions 290 Key Terms and Concepts 291 Chapter 9 Categorization and Meaning 293 The Story of the Plague of Insomnia 294 Categories and Semantic Networks: The Classical Rule-Based Approach 296 Table of Contents Problems for the Classical Model 297 Borderline and Unusual Cases 298 Intransivity 299 Family Resemblance 300 Feature Comparison Models 301 A Rose Is a Flower but Is a Fig a Fruit? And What s a Platypus Duck? — Typicality and Family ResemblancejThe Prototype Model 301 Priming Semantic Networks 304 Neural Organization of Semantic Knowledge 307 Exemplar Models 309 Schemata, Frames, and Scripts 312 Imagery-Based Knowledge Representation 316 Are Perception and Imagery Accomplished by the Same Processes? 317 С K. s Perceptual Ability 318 Explanation For С K s Deficit. 319 Connectionist Models of Mind 320 Conclusions; Categories and Meaning 324 Test Yourself Study Questions 326 Key Terms and Concepts 327 Chapter 10 Consciousness 329 Now I am Awake! —The Life of CHve Wearing 330 The Problem of Consciousness 331 Characteristics of Consciousness 332 Consciousness Is the Tip of the Iceberg 332 Implicit Memory 332 Remember-Know 333 Neglect and Blindsight 334 Consciousness Is Both Time Limited and Continuous 336 Consciousness Interconnects Widely Distributed Neural/Cognitive Processes 340 ICC; Modularity of Cognitive Functions 341 The Theatre of Consciousness 343 Perceptual Binding as a Model for Consciousness 345 Spatial Versus Temporal Binding 346 зоя Table of Contents- Bridging Brain and Mind; The Global Neuronal Workplace 352 Awareness of Self and Others: Mirror Neurons, Action, and Understanding 354 The Purpose of Mirror Neurons: Mind Reading 357 Autism and Mirror Neurons 361 Conclusioni The Zombie within — The Purpose of Consciousness 364 Test Yourself Study Questions 365 Key Terms and Concepts 366 Chapter 11 The Description and Overview of Language 367 The Story of My Life, Helen Keller 368 Language and Speech 369 The Speech Apparatus 371 The Speech Signal 372 Categorical Perception 373 Parallel Transmission of Phonemes 375 Semantic, Тор -Down Influence on Speech Perception 375 Morphemes 376 Syntax: Surface and Deep Structure 376 Chomsky s Deep Structure and Yoda Speak 378 Words, Sentences, and the Extraction of Meaning 380 The Garden-Path Model 383 Which Comes First? The Syntax or The Meaning? 385 From Sentences to Narrative and Discourse 389 Building Bridges: Inference and the Brain 395 Conclusions: Language Description and Overview 399 Test Yourself Study Questions 400 Key Terms and Concepts 401 Table of Contents Chapter 1 2 Fundamental Issues in Language Theory 403 Nativist Versus Empiricist Theories of Language Acquisition 405 The Source of Language Structure 408 The Development of Language 409 Early Speech Perception 409 Critical Period for Neural Consolidation of Speech Sounds 410 Acquisition of Words 411 Emergence of Grammar 412 The Language Gene 419 Influence of the Environment 420 Creativity of Language 422 Universal Grammar 422 Poverty of the Stimulus 42 2 Recent Challenges to the Nativist Position 423 The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis; Language Leads to Different Worldviews 423 Some Examples of Culture-Specific Language Differences 425 Conclusions of Whorf Section 429 Thought before Language? 429 Connectionist Models of Language Acquisition 434 Modularity of Language 437 The Neuroanatomy of Language 43 8 Organization of Speech in Bilinguals 444 Uniqueness of Human Language 446 Did Neanderthal Man have Language? 447 Conclusions! Language Issues 448 The Modular Hypothesis 448 Thought Precedes and Underlies Language 449 Thought Precedes Language? 450 Test Yourself Study Questions 451 Key Terms and Concepts 452 xviii Table of Contents Chapter і 3 Information Processing and Artificial Intelligence 453 Artificial Intelligence 455 Protocol Analysis — -Simon 456 Means-End Analysis 458 Utility Theory 460 Bounded Rationality; Heuristics 462 Availability 462 Hindsight Bias 463 Representativeness 466 Anchoring 467 The Framing Effect 468 Counterfacmal Thinking; In the Best of Worlds and the Worst of Worlds 470 Game Theory 476 Expert Systems 478 Conclusions 480 Test Yourself Study Questions 480 Key Terms and Concepts 481 Chapter 1 4 Problem Solving and Reasoning 483 Early Research on Problem Solving; The Gestalt Tradition 484 Wertheimer and Problem Solving 487 Maier s Functional Fixedness 490 Luehins Water Jug Problem: Mental Set 492 Reasoning 494 The Wason Selection Task 499 The Illusion of Objectivity: Availability, Pragmatics, Motivation, and Social Contracts 501 Social Contract Theory 504 Mental Models 508 The Principle of Truth 509 The Equiprobability Principle 511 The Proportionality Principle 512 Table of Contents xix Building Bridges; Imaging Decision Making 514 Analogies 520 But Are We Really Illogical? 527 Test Yourself Study Questions 528 Key Terms and Concepts 529 Appendix A: Neurons 531 Appendix B: Geography of the Brain 539 Appendix C: Imaging the Brain 545 References 555 Author Index 581 Subject Index 589
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spelling	Whitman, Douglas Verfasser aut Cognition R. Douglas Whitman 1. ed. Hoboken, N.J. Wiley 2011 XIX, 603 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cognition Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020543751&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Whitman, Douglas Cognition Cognition Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd
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title	Cognition
title_auth	Cognition
title_exact_search	Cognition
title_full	Cognition R. Douglas Whitman
title_fullStr	Cognition R. Douglas Whitman
title_full_unstemmed	Cognition R. Douglas Whitman
title_short	Cognition
title_sort	cognition
topic	Cognition Kognitive Psychologie (DE-588)4073586-2 gnd
topic_facet	Cognition Kognitive Psychologie Einführung
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