Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis: with neutron beams
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Dordrecht [u.a.]
Kluwer Academic Publ.
2004
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Publisher description Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XIII, 423 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM. |
| ISBN: | 1402013043 9781402013041 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis |b with neutron beams |c ed. by Gábor L. Molnár |
| 264 | 1 | |a Dordrecht [u.a.] |b Kluwer Academic Publ. |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 423 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |e 1 CD-ROM. | ||
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| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Gamma rays | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Neutron beams | |
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| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Aktivierungsanalyse |0 (DE-588)4141762-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Molnár, Gábor L. |4 edt | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143220454588416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis
Autor: Molnár, Gábor L
Jahr: 2004
Table of Contents
Preface (Zs. Revay)........................................................................................................xi
Authors.........................................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1. Principles of the PGAA method
(Zs. Revay, T. Belgya)
1. Introduction......................................................................................................1
2. Fundamentals of Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis.....................................2
2.1 Characteristics of neutrons............................................................................2
2.2 Fundamental processes occurring in PGAA.................................................5
2.2.1 Radiative neutron capture, or (n,y)-reaction..........................................5
2.2.2 Radiative neutron capture of epithermal neutrons................................5
2.2.3 Activation.............................................................................................6
2.2.4 Isomeric transition (IT).........................................................................6
2.2.5 Neutron capture with charged particle emission...................................6
2.2.6 Neutron induced fission, or (n,f)-reaction.............................................6
2.2.7 Elastic scattering...................................................................................6
2.2.8 Thermalization......................................................................................7
2.2.9 Inelastic scattering of fast neutrons, or (n,n ) reaction..........................7
2.2.10 Nuclear reactions of fast neutrons.........................................................7
2.2.11 Secondary reactions..............................................................................8
2.3 Probabilities of nuclear reactions..................................................................8
2.4 Energetics of the capture process................................................................14
2.5 Reaction rate equations...............................................................................17
2.5.1 Thin sample approximation................................................................18
2.5.2 Black sample approximation...........................................................19
2.5.3 Real samples.......................................................................................19
3. Characteristics of PGAA................................................................................20
3.1 Analytical properties...................................................................................20
3.2 Characterization of prompt gamma spectra................................................23
3.3 Dynamic range and detection limit.............................................................25
References................................................................................................................28
vi Table of Contents
Chapter 2. Beams and Facilities
(R.M. Lindstrom, Zs. Revay)
1. Basic parts of the PGAA system.....................................................................31
1.1 Neutron sources..........................................................................................31
1.2 Shaping and tailoring the neutron beam.....................................................34
1.2.1 Collimator...........................................................................................34
1.2.2 Neutron filters.....................................................................................34
1.3 Neutron guides and focusing......................................................................35
1.3.1 Straight guides....................................................................................36
1.3.2 Curved guides.....................................................................................37
1.3.3 Supermirror guides.............................................................................38
1.3.4 Neutron lenses....................................................................................38
1.3.5 Diffracted beams.................................................................................40
1.4 Neutron absorbers and shielding: materials issues......................................40
1.5 Shutter.........................................................................................................42
1.6 Beam tube...................................................................................................42
1.7 Sample holder.............................................................................................43
1.8 Beam stop...................................................................................................43
2. Neutron flux mapping and monitoring...........................................................43
2.1 Average neutron wavelength and beam temperature..................................43
2.2 Monitoring and mapping............................................................................45
3. Additional shielding and background issues...................................................47
4. Facilities..........................................................................................................49
References................................................................................................................55
Chapter 3. Samples and Standards
(R.M. Lindstrom, Ch. Yonezawa)
1 Sample considerations....................................................................................59
1.1 Sample size.................................................................................................59
1.2 Sample shape..............................................................................................60
1.2.1 Neutron self-absorption......................................................................61
1.2.2 Neutron scattering within the sample..................................................62
1.2.3 Gamma-ray self-absorption................................................................65
2 Standards and blanks......................................................................................66
2.1 Preparation of standards..............................................................................66
2.2 Reference materials....................................................................................67
2.3 Suitable blanks............................................................................................68
References................................................................................................................69
Table of Contents vii
Chapter 4. Gamma-Ray Spectrometry
(T. Belgya, Zs. Revay)
1. Introduction....................................................................................................71
2. Basic instrumentation.....................................................................................72
2.1 Detectors.....................................................................................................72
2.2 Electronics..................................................................................................74
2.2.1 Analog electronics..............................................................................74
2.2.2 Digital signal processing.....................................................................75
2.3 Dead time and pile-up.................................................................................76
2.4 Response function of germanium detectors................................................78
3. Calibration procedures....................................................................................80
3.1 Energy resolution........................................................................................80
3.2 System nonlinearity....................................................................................81
3.3 Detector efficiency......................................................................................83
3.3.1 Wide energy range efficiency calibration...........................................83
3.3.2 Intrinsic and geometric efficiency.......................................................86
3.3.3 Geometry factor for collimated detectors...........................................87
3.3.4 Active and effective volume of the sample.........................................89
3.4 Calibration sources.....................................................................................90
4. Optimization of detection...............................................................................91
4.1 Spectral background...................................................................................91
5. More sophisticated detection systems.............................................................96
5.1 Compton suppressed and pair spectrometers..............................................96
5.2 Composite germanium detectors.................................................................99
5.3 Coincidence techniques..............................................................................99
5.4 Chopped-beam PGAA..............................................................................101
6. Spectrum evaluation.....................................................................................104
References..............................................................................................................109
Chapter 5. Quantitative Analysis
(Ch. Yonezawa)
1. Introduction..................................................................................................113
2. Elemental identification................................................................................114
3. Standardization.............................................................................................116
3.1 Basics of standardization..........................................................................116
viii Table of Contents
3.2 Relative standardization............................................................................116
3.3 Internal standardization.............................................................................118
4. Sources of error.............................................................................................127
4.1 Spectral interference.................................................................................127
4.2 Gamma-ray background...........................................................................129
5. Utilization of short-lived decay gamma rays................................................133
References..............................................................................................................134
Chapter 6. Applications of PGAA with Neutron Beams
(D.L. Anderson, Zs. Kasztovszky)
1. Introduction..................................................................................................137
2. Applications in Chemistry............................................................................138
2.1 Analysis of Certified Reference Materials................................................138
2.2 Isotopic and Chemical Composition Studies............................................139
2.3 Chemical Matrix Studies..........................................................................140
3. Industry-Related Applications and Materials Science..................................141
3.1 Related Reference Materials.....................................................................141
3.2 Ores, Metal Alloys, and Construction Materials.......................................142
3.3 Fossil Fuels...............................................................................................143
3.4 Catalysts....................................................................................................144
3.5 Glass and Semiconductors........................................................................145
3.6 Nuclear Technology Applications............................................................145
3.7 Material Composition and Processing......................................................146
4. Geology, Geochemistry, and Cosmochemistry.............................................148
4.1 Geochemical Reference Material Analysis...............................................148
4.2 Geology....................................................................................................149
4.3 Cosmochemistry.......................................................................................151
5. Art and Archaeology.....................................................................................152
5.1 Stone tools................................................................................................152
5.2 Ceramics...................................................................................................153
5.3 Pigments and paintings.............................................................................154
5.4 Metal objects.............................................................................................154
6. Food and Agriculture....................................................................................156
6.1 Certification of Reference Materials.........................................................156
6.2 Analysis of Food.......................................................................................157
7. Environmental Studies..................................................................................158
Table of Contents ix
7.1 Atmospheric Gases and Particles..............................................................158
7.2 Water and Sediment Pollution..................................................................159
8. Biology.........................................................................................................160
8.1 Biological Matrix Reference Materials.....................................................160
8.2 Human and Animal Studies......................................................................161
9. Medicine.......................................................................................................162
9.1 Boron Neutron Capture Therapy..............................................................162
9.2 Other Medical Studies..............................................................................163
References..............................................................................................................164
Chapter 7. Prompt Gamma-Ray Spectrum Catalog
(Zs. Revay, R.B. Firestone, T. Belgya, G.L. Molnar)
1. Introduction..................................................................................................173
2. Evaluation of prompt gamma-ray data.........................................................174
2.1 Sources of the evaluation..........................................................................174
2.2 Measurements in Budapest.......................................................................174
2.3 Evaluation.................................................................................................175
3. Spectra and tables for elements....................................................................176
3.1 Format of the elemental spectra................................................................176
3.2 Format of the elemental tables..................................................................179
3.3 Background spectra..................................................................................186
References..............................................................................................................186
3.4 Spectra and tables for each element..........................................................186
Appendices Reference Data
(R.B. Firestone, G.L. Molnar, Zs. Revay)
1. Fundamental constants..................................................................................365
2. Properties of chemical elements...................................................................367
3. Isotopic data..................................................................................................371
4. Radioactive nuclides.....................................................................................380
5. X-ray energies and intensities.......................................................................390
6. Energy and intensity standards.....................................................................393
x Table of Contents
7. Thermal neutron capture data.......................................................................400
8. Resonance parameters and Westcott g factors..............................................410
9. Neutron capture cross section of elements....................................................412
Index............................................................................................................................417
|
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| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:44:12Z |
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| isbn | 1402013043 9781402013041 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis with neutron beams ed. by Gábor L. Molnár Dordrecht [u.a.] Kluwer Academic Publ. 2004 XIII, 423 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Gamma rays Neutron beams Prompte Gammastrahlung (DE-588)4423818-6 gnd rswk-swf Aktivierungsanalyse (DE-588)4141762-8 gnd rswk-swf Prompt-Gamma-Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse (DE-588)4427931-0 gnd rswk-swf Prompte Gammastrahlung (DE-588)4423818-6 s Aktivierungsanalyse (DE-588)4141762-8 s DE-604 Prompt-Gamma-Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse (DE-588)4427931-0 s Molnár, Gábor L. edt http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0820/2005278356-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0820/2005278356-t.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020533964&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis with neutron beams Gamma rays Neutron beams Prompte Gammastrahlung (DE-588)4423818-6 gnd Aktivierungsanalyse (DE-588)4141762-8 gnd Prompt-Gamma-Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse (DE-588)4427931-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4423818-6 (DE-588)4141762-8 (DE-588)4427931-0 |
| title | Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis with neutron beams |
| title_auth | Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis with neutron beams |
| title_exact_search | Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis with neutron beams |
| title_full | Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis with neutron beams ed. by Gábor L. Molnár |
| title_fullStr | Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis with neutron beams ed. by Gábor L. Molnár |
| title_full_unstemmed | Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis with neutron beams ed. by Gábor L. Molnár |
| title_short | Handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis |
| title_sort | handbook of prompt gamma activation analysis with neutron beams |
| title_sub | with neutron beams |
| topic | Gamma rays Neutron beams Prompte Gammastrahlung (DE-588)4423818-6 gnd Aktivierungsanalyse (DE-588)4141762-8 gnd Prompt-Gamma-Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse (DE-588)4427931-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Gamma rays Neutron beams Prompte Gammastrahlung Aktivierungsanalyse Prompt-Gamma-Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0820/2005278356-d.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0820/2005278356-t.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020533964&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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