Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism: 5 Religious symbols, Hinduism and migration: contemporary communities outside South Asia, some modern religious groups and teachers
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Format: | Buch |
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Sprache: | English |
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Leiden [u.a.]
Brill
2013
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Schriftenreihe: | Handbook of oriental studies
Section 2, India ; 22,5 |
Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
Beschreibung: | XCI, 774 S. Ill. |
ISBN: | 9789004178960 |
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Titel: Bd. 5. Brill's encyclopedia of Hinduism. Religious symbols; Hinduism and migration: contemporary com
Autor:
Jahr: 2013
Table of Contents, Volume V
Prelims
Preface . xvii
List of Contributors . xviii
Notes for Users . xxxiii
Primary Sources .„. xxxv
Primary Source Abbreviations . lxviii
Journals and Series . lxxvii
General Abbreviations . xc
Religious Symbols
Cakra . 3
Symbolic Meanings of the Cakra . 3
History . 4
Worship of Sudarsana . 5
Cakra in New Age Movements . 6
Conclusion . 6
Colors . 7
Color in Medicine, Magic, Metaphysics, and Ritual . 7
Elements, Experience, and the Cosmos . 9
Colorlessness, Purity, and Transcendence . 10
Deities, Devotion, and Iconography . 11
Red, Gold, and "Shining": Vitality, Agni, Rudra, and the Goddess . 11
Blue, Black, and "Dark": Krsna, Siva, and Kali . 12
White and Ash Gray: Soma and Siva . 12
Perspectives on Color . 13
Conch . 14
Mythology . 14
Iconography . 14
The Conch as a Sign of Visnu . 14
The "Presence" of Visnu's Conch on Earth . 15
Use in Ritual . 15
Divine Attributes and Emblems . 16
The Term "Emblem" in the Present Context . 17
Ornaments . 18
Aksamãlã (String of Seeds or Beads Used for a Contemplative Practice) . 18
Animal Skin (Carman) . 18
Arrow (Bana, Sara) . 19
Axe or Hatchet (Parasu, Kuthãra) . 19
Banner, Flag (Dhvaja, Ketu) . 20
Begging Bowl (Bhiksãpãtra) . 20
Bell (Ghantã) .'. 20
Book, Palm-Leaf Manuscript (Pustaka) . 20
Botde, Waterpot, or Ewer (Kamandalu, Kundikã, Kalasa, or Bhrrigãra) . 20
Bow (Capa, Dhanus, or Sãrriga) . 21
Chisel or Related Implement (Tañka) . 21
Cloth (Vostra) .'. 22
Club (Gada, Lakuta; Musala [Pesde]) . 22
Cobra (See Serpent) . 23
VI TABLE OF CONTENTS
Conch Shell (Sarikha) . 23
Dagger (See Knife) . 23
Deer (Mrga) . 23
Discus or Wheel (Cakra) . 23
Drinking Vessel (Pãtra, Pãnapãtrà) . 23
Drum (Damaru [a Small Hourglass-Shaped Drum]; Dhakkã) . 24
Earth (Mahi, Dharani) . 24
Elephant (Gaja) . 24
Eye (Netra, Nayana, or Aksa) . 24
Fire (Agni, ¡vala) . 25
Flag (See Banner) . 25
Flute (Venu, Murali) . 25
Fly Whisk (Câmara) . 25
Fruit (Phala) . 25
Goad, Elephant Driver's Hook (Arikusa) . 26
Hammer (Mudgara) . 26
Head, Bald Head (Munda) . 26
Jewel-Filled Vessel (Ratnapãtra) . 26
Knife or Dagger (Kartari, Kartr, or Churi) . 26
Litiga (Sign, Emblem, or Phallus) . 26
Lotus (Padma, Parikaja, or Kamala) . 27
Mace (See Club) . 28
Mirror (Darpana) . 28
Money Bag (Mãtrãbhastrã) . 28
Mongoose (Nakula) . 28
Moon Crescent (Bãlacandra - YoungMoon) . 28
Noose, Lasso (Pãsa) . 29
Parasol (Chattra) . 29
Parrot (Suka; Tarn. Kilt) . 29
Peacock Feathers (Mayürapattra, Mayürapiccha) . 29
Pen, Reed Pen (Lekhani) . 30
Phallus (See Liriga) . 30
Plow (Hala) . 30
Pot of Riches (Nidhipãtra) . 30
Radish (Mülaka) . 30
Rooster (Kukkuta, Krkavãku) . 30
Sacrificial Ladles (Sruk or Sruc, Sruva) . 30
Serpent, Cobra (Sarpa, Nãga, or Bhujanga) . 30
Shield (Khetaka) . 31
Skull, Skull-Cup (Kapãla) . 31
Spear, Lance, or Javelin (Sakti, Súla; Tarn. Vel) . 32
Staff (Danda) . 32
Stringed Instrument Resembling a Lute or Stick Zither (Vina, Vallaki) . 32
Sweet Balls (Modaka) . 33
Sword (Khadga; Also Asi) . 33
Thunderbolt or Bolt of Lightning ( Vajra) . 34
Tooth or Tusk (Danta; Svadanta [One's Own Tooth or Tusk]) . 34
Treasure (See Pot of Riches) . 34
Trident (Trisüla, Süla) . 34
Water Lily (Kalhãra or Kahlãra, Utpala, Nilotpala, or Indivara) . 35
Waterpot (See Bottle) . 35
Winnowing Fan (Sürpa) . 35
Wreath or Garland (Mãlã) . 35
Divine Musical Instruments . 36
Musical Instruments . 37
Myth, Drama, and Religious Practice . 43
Dress and Adornment . 45
TABLE OF CONTENTS VII
Fire . 50
Agni in Comparisons and Metaphors . 50
Agni's Hiding . 51
The Trifunctional Fire . 52
Sexual and Procreative Fire . 53
Gems, Gold, Seed, and Soma: The Multiforms of Fire . 56
Concluding Remarks . 57
Gemstones . 59
The Conventional Properties and Meanings of Gemstones . 59
The Origins of Gemstones . 60
Diamonds, Pearls, Snake Gems, Emeralds, and Sapphires . 61
Crystal . 62
Notable Individual Hindu Gemstones . 63
Magical, Idolatrous Hindu Gems in the Western Imagination . 64
Hair . 65
Practices . 65
Meanings . 69
Liriga . 72
Textual Sources . 72
Liriga in Ritual . 77
Iconography . 79
Lotus . 82
The Lotus and Hindu Deities: Auspiciousness and Generative Power . 83
Detachment . 84
The Lotus and the Sun . 85
Mâlã . 87
Fresh Flowers and Puja . 88
Making Mãlãs: Devotion or Work? . 89
Mudrãs . 91
Mudrãs in Theatre . 91
Mudrãs in Iconography . 92
Mudrãs in the Tantric Texts and Rituals . 92
The Mudrãs as States of Consciousness in the Krama . 96
New Field and Ancient Echoes . 97
Om . 100
Om in the Vedas and Upanisads . 100
Otn in Later Literature . 101
Regional Traditions . 101
Conclusion . 102
Prasãda . 103
Material Prasãda in Hindu Ritual . 103
Prasãda in Vaisnava Contexts . 104
Prasãda in Saiva Contexts . 105
Prasãda in Sãkta Contexts . 106
General Observations on Contemporary Hindu Prasãda . 107
Prasãda in Sanskrit Sources . 108
Understanding Prasãda in Classical and Contemporary Terms . 110
Rãm . 112
Literary Sources for Rãm and Rãmnãm . 113
ThePurãnas . 114
Tantric Tradition and Literature . 114
Medieval Vaisnava Upanisads . 114
Svanii Rãmãnanda and His Sampradàya . 115
The Written "Rãm" . 116
Rãmnãm Banks . 117
Sacred Threads . 119
Sacred Threads in Hindu Rituals . 119
Vili TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Sacrificial Cord of the Brahmans . 120
The Ascetics' and Others'Threads . 121
Sãlagrãma . 123
History of Sãlagrãma Worship . 123
Kinds of Sãlagrãmas . 124
Arca and Sãlagrãma . 124
Narratives about the Origins of the Sãlagrãma . 125
Smell . 127
The Sense of Smell and the Nature of Odors . 127
Important Odors in Hinduism . 128
Aromatic Materials and Perfumes . 129
Later Developments . 132
Sound . 134
The Veda as a Paradigm of Sacred Sound . 134
Brahman in the Early Rgveda . 135
The Language Goddess Vãc . 136
Mantras, Melodies, and Nonsemantic Sthobas . 136
Om in the Upanisads . 139
Holy Hearing and Acoustic Piety in Postvedic Literature . 140
Tantric and Devotional Mantras - Mantra Power and Musicalized Devotion . 141
Fluid Signs and Sonic Symbols - Language and the Alphabet in Scientific Contexts . 143
The Postvedic Language Goddess and the Alphabet as Primordial Sound . 145
Linguistic Metaphysics . 146
The Nãdabrahman as a Cultural and Transcultural Symbol . 148
Svastika . 150
Tilaka and Other Forehead Marks . 152
Origins of the Mark . 154
Life-affirming and Life-negating Values . 154
Concepts of the Deity: Gods and Goddesses . 155
Sectarian Traditions . 156
Sectarian Marks and Their Connection to Caste and Stage of Life . 156
The Three Horizontal Lines of Saiva Devotees . 157
The Sounds of the Sacred Name: Mantra and Meaning . 157
Pilgrimage and Sacrality of Local Places; Physical and Moral Purity . 158
Purity: Physical, Ritual, Moral . 159
Meditation and the Eye of Wisdom . 159
The Auspicious State of Being Married . 159
Conclusion . 160
Trees and Plants . 161
Important Plants and Trees . 162
Conclusion . 166
Vãhanas . 168
Vãhanas in Iconography . 169
Ajfl(goaf) . 170
Akhu (mouse, rat) . 170
Ananta ("Endless," "Infinite"; also called Sesa) . 170
Asva (horse) . 170
Bhãsa (vulture): seegrdhra . 170
Bhüta (lit. living being): see Râvana . 170
Gaja (elephant) . 170
Gardabha (ass, donkey) . 171
Garuda ("Devourer") . 171
Go (cow) . 171
Godhã, godhikã (lizard, iguana) . 171
Grãha (crocodile) . 171
Grdhra (vulture) . 171
Hanumãn ("Having [Large] Jaws") . 171
Hamsa (wild goose) . 171
Harin: see mrga . 171
TABLE OF CONTENTS IX
Kabandha (a category oí gana) . 171
Kâka (raven) . 171
Kãmadhenu ("Wish-fulfilling Cow") . 171
Kapota (dove, pigeon) . 171
Khara (ass): see gardabha . 171
Kola (boar) . 171
Kukkuta (cock) . 171
Kürma (tortoise) . 171
Mahisa (buffalo) . 171
Makara (dolphin, crocodile) . 171
Mandüka (frog) . 173
Mãrjâra (cat) . 173
Matsya (fish) . 173
Mayüra (peacock) . 173
Mesa (ram) . 173
Mina (fish): see matsya . 173
Mrga (gazelle, antelope, deer) . 173
Mrtaka (corpse): see sava . 173
Nakra (crocodile): see graha . 173
Nãga (snake) . 173
Nandi ("Rejoicing," "Gladdening") . 173
Nara (man) . 173
Preta (the dead, departed) . 173
Rãvana ("Roaring" or "Causing to Cry") . 173
Rksa (bear) . 174
Särdüla (tiger, lion, panther, leopard) . 175
Sarpa (serpent): see nãga . 175
Sava (corpse) . 175
Sesa ("Remainder") . 175
Sikhin (peacock): see mayitra . 175
Simha (lion) . 175
Suka (parrot) . 175
Sükara (boar): see kola . 175
Srgãla (or èrgala; jackal) . 175
Svan (dog) . 175
Syena (hawk) . 175
Vlüka (owl) . 175
Ustra (camel) . 175
Vanara (monkey) . 175
Vrica(wolf) . 175
Vrsan, vrsabha (bull) . 175
Yãli (leogryph) . 175
South Indian Temple Vãhanas . 175
Vibhüti . 181
Yoni . 184
Hinduism and Migration: Contemporary Communities outside South Asia
Afghanistan . 189
Developments in the Late 20th Century . 190
Restriction, Religious Persecution, and Expulsion Since 1992 . 190
The 21st Century - Discrepancies between General Improvements for Muslims and the
Precarious Situation of Hindus and Sikhs . 191
Summary . 192
Australia and New Zealand . 193
Australia . 193
"Coolie" Diaspora . 193
White Australia Policy . 194
The Post-Independent Hindu Settlement . 194
The Postcolonial and Postmodern Phase . 195
X TABLE OF CONTENTS
Adaptation . 196
Conclusion . 199
New Zealand . 199
Canada . 206
China . 212
Indians in China since the 1980s . 212
Religious Practices among the Indian Traders in China . 214
Conclusion . 216
Denmark . 217
The Indian Hindus . 218
The Sri Lankan Tamil Hindus . 219
Keeping Up Hindu Traditions in a New Setting and Under New Circumstances . 221
East Africa . 222
Social Background . 224
Temples and Spiritual Gatherings . 225
Conclusion . 227
Fiji . 229
The Religious Life of the First Generation . 230
The Period as a Farming Community . 230
Independence and Development of a Political Community . 232
Conclusion . 233
France . 235
Gulf Countries . 240
Hindu Communities . 241
Hindu Traditions . 241
Temple Worship . 241
Life-cycle Rituals . 242
Festivals . 242
Oman . 242
United Arab Emirates . 242
Bahrain . 243
Kuwait . 243
Saudi Arabia . 244
Qatar . 244
Yemen . 244
Concluding Remarks . 244
Guyana . 246
A South Indian-Based Religious Tradition . 246
The North Indian-Based Religious Tradition . 247
The Modern Challenges . 248
International Connections . 250
Conclusion . 250
Indonesia . 252
Religion in Indonesia . 252
The Idea of Agama Hindu . 253
Hindu Community . 254
Of Solidarity, Place and Person . 254
The Good, Collective and Otherwise . 255
Italy . 257
Malaysia . 263
Mauritius . 269
Temples and the Social Structure . 270
Modern Developments . 271
Conclusion . 272
Netherlands . 274
Processes of Loss, Maintenance, and Reorientation . 274
Successful Integration? . 276
Analysis and Typification . 277
TABLE OF CONTENTS XI
Norway . 279
Portugal . 285
Migration to Portugal after Mozambican Independence . 285
Adaptation: Economic Integration . 287
Sociocultural Integration . 288
Russia . 291
Singapore . 295
South Africa . 300
Social History of South African Indians . 300
Emergence of Temple Culture . 301
A Challenge to Ritualistic Hindu Culture: Neo-Hinduism . 303
Bollywood Influence on Hinduism . 305
Recent Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) in South Africa . 305
Conclusion . 306
Suriname . 307
Religious Reproduction and Group Formation . 307
Postwar Institutionalization . 309
Some Specific Religious Issues . 310
Conclusion . 311
Sweden . 312
Diaspora Hindus and Their Shrines . 312
Diaspora Temples in Stockholm . 313
Gujaratis in West Sweden . 314
Shrines of the Guru Movements . 314
Yoga in Sweden . 315
Integration, Representation, and Visibility . 316
Switzerland . 317
Hindu Migrant Communities . 318
New Religious Movements with a Hindu Background . 320
The Presence of Global Hindu Movements . 321
Yoga in Switzerland . 322
Thailand . 324
The Thai Brahmans . 324
Various Communities of Indian Hindus due to Migration . 325
The Hindus' Position inThai Society . 327
Trinidad and Tobago . 329
Religion in the Village Setting . 329
The New Hinduism of the Postwar Era . 331
Conclusion . 332
United Kingdom . 334
Hinduism in Britain: Sources . 334
Hindu Settlement and Communal Development . 335
Home and Family . 337
National Initiatives and Global Interconnections . 338
United States . 342
History of Hindu Ideas and Practices . 342
Vivekananda and the Ongoing Messages of "Universalism" . 343
Yoga . 345
History of Hindus in the United States . 346
Statistics and Taxonomy of Hindu Institutions in the United States . 346
Domestic/Informal Groups . 347
Global Organizations . 347
Temple Communities . 347
Cyber Societies . 347
Cultural Groups . 348
Temple Hinduism . 348
Community Activities . 351
Vietnam . 353
Xll TABLE OF CONTENTS
Some Modern Religious Groups and Teachers
AdDharm . 359
Mangoo Ram and the Founding Circle . 359
The Ideology of a Political Religion . 360
Schisms, Census, and an Epic Fast . 361
Politics and the Decline of Ad Dharm . 363
AdDharm Anew . 364
AnandamayiMa . 366
Anandamayi Ma's Life . 366
Ma's Teachings . 368
Anandamayi Ma, an Avatar of Kali . 369
The Human Kali after Her Death . 371
Conclusion . 372
Aramuga Navalar . 373
Life, Activity, and Teaching . 374
Criticism of Protestant Missionaries . 376
Ãgamas and Rituals . 376
Caste . 377
Images of Navalar . 378
Art of Living Foundation . 380
The Founder . 380
The Teachings . 381
Free Education: Ved Vignan Maha Vidya Peeth . 385
Transforming Rural India . 385
Peace . 386
Politics . 387
The Future . 387
AryaSamaj . 389
Origins, Doctrinal Basis, and Early Development . 389
The Social Project of Aryanism: Education, Caste Reform, and Women's Uplift . 391
The Political Entanglements of the Arya Samaj . 393
The Arya Samaj in Independent India and Overseas . 395
Aurobindo . 397
Early Life . 397
Major Works . 398
Life during the 1920s and 1930s: the Mother and the Founding of the Äsram . 400
Three Formulations of His Yoga . 401
Later Life and Writings and Death: 1938-1950 . 402
Legacy . 403
Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh/Osho . 405
The Early Years . 405
The First Phase: 1960-1974 . 405
Core Teachings under the Various Names Rajneesh Used . 407
The Second Phase: The PuneAsrum, 1974-1981 . 407
The Disciples in Pune . 409
The Third Phase: Passage to America, 1981-1985 . 409
The Fourth Phase: The Buddha Returns to Pune, 1986-1990 . 411
The Fifth Phase: The Contemporary Movement, from 1991 . 412
The Legacy . 412
Bhaktisiddhanta Saraswati . 415
Historical Context . 415
Early Life . 4j6
Religious Practice . 417
Missionary Work . 418
The Gaudiya Math in Europe . 420
Crises of Succession . 420
Modern Hindu Personalism . 420
Studies of Bhaktisiddhanta's Work . 421
TABLE OF CONTENTS Xlll
Bharat Sevashram Sangha and Swami Pranavanandaji Maharaj . 424
The Child Manifestation of Siva . 425
Athletic Asceticism and Brahmacarya . 426
Organization Development . 427
The Divine Guru . 428
Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha . 432
Early History of BAPS . 432
Line of Succession . 432
Growth . 433
Transnational Growth . 434
Brahmo Samaj and Keshub Chandra Sen . 437
Chinmayananda and Chinmaya Mission . 445
Life . 446
Teachings . 448
Organizations . 450
Dayananda Saraswati . 453
Modern Search for Truth . 453
Dayananda's Thought and Philosophy . 454
Constructing Vedic Religion . 454
Defining Ethical Hinduism . 455
Aryans, Ãryãvarta, and Unity among Hindus . 458
Hindu Nationalism and State . 459
Conclusion . 460
Female Gurus and Ascetics . 461
Women and Classical Definitions . 461
Social Expectations for Women . 464
Authority . 466
Community . 466
Hans Ji Maharaj and the Divya Sandesh Parishad . 470
Biography . 470
Contested Academic Sources . 472
The Teachings of Shri Hans Ji Maharaj . 473
The Heritage of Shri Hans Ji Maharaj . 474
Hariharananda Aranya . 476
Kãpil Guphã (Cave of Kapila) . 477
Preparation for Meditation . 480
Meditation . 481
Conclusion . 483
ISKCON and Bhaktivedanta Prabhupada . 485
A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami (Srila Prabhupada) . 485
History and Development . 487
Tradition, Doctrines, and Practices . 488
ISKCON's Position About Its Relation to Hinduism . 489
Jiddu Krishnamurti . 491
Biographical Details . 491
Philosophical Foundations . 494
Dialogue . 496
Education . 496
Relationship . 497
Krishnamacharya . 498
Lakshman Joo . 502
Life and Works . 502
Philosophy and Spiritual Practice . 504
Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and Transcendental Meditation . 508
Mahima Dharma and Bhima Bhoi . 515
Legendary Origins . 515
Youth and Initiation . 515
First Disciples and the Äsrama in Khaliapali . 516
xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS
Disappearance and Succession . 516
Themes of Bhima Bhoi's Poetry . 516
Bhima Bhoi: The Blind Ascetic? . 519
The Subaltern Voice . 520
The Lay Guru . 521
Institutional Splits with the Mahima Dharma Movement . 521
Mata Amritanandamayi Mission Trust and Embracing The World . 523
Mata Amritanandamayi . 523
Disaster Relief . 526
Housing/Care for Children/Fighting Hunger . 527
Empowering Women . 528
Education . 529
Medicine . 529
Critics . 529
Melmaruvathur Movement . 531
Origins of the Temple . 531
The Goddess and Bangaru Adigalar . 532
Innovative Rituals and Tradition . 532
The Goddess Focuses on Social Problems . 533
Local and Pan-Indian Deity . 533
Modern Astrologers . 535
Translators and Educators . 535
The Appeal to (and of) Nãdigranthas . 537
Cultural Transmission and Western Practitioners . 538
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi . 542
Biography . 542
Concepts and Practices . 545
The Bhagavadgitã . 549
Muktananda and Siddha Yoga . 552
The Practices . 555
NarayanaGuru . 559
Life and Education . 559
Literary Works . 560
Philosophy . 561
Religious and Social Reforms . 562
Radhakrishnan . 566
Radhasoamis . 572
The Utopian Society of Dayalbagh . 572
The Spiritual Kingdom of Beas . 576
Ramakrishna . 578
The Life and Teachings of Ramakrishna: Primary Sources . 578
The Early Life of Ramakrishna . 579
Spiritual Apprenticeship . 580
A Brahman Guru and Middle-Class Devotees . 581
The Gospel of Ramakrishna . 582
Ramakrishna Math and Mission . 586
Ernie and Etic Literature on the Ramakrishna Math and Mission . 586
The Origins and Early Development of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission . 587
Landmarks in the Subsequent Development of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission . 590
Conclusion . 591
Ramana Maharshi . 594
Life and Works . 595
Philosophy . 597
RammohunRoy . 602
Rammohun's Life . 602
Rammohun's Works . 604
Rammohun's Ideas . 606
Rammohun's Legacy . 608
TABLE OF CONTENTS XV
Sarada Devi . 610
Sarada Devi and Sri Ramakrishna . 610
Ramakrishna's Passing and the Emergence of the Holy Mother . 613
Her Later Years: Family Anxieties . 616
Charisma, Wit, and Wisdom of the Holy Mother . 617
Satguru Sivaya Subramuniyaswami . 619
Religious Lineage: Kadaitswami, Chellappaswami, and Yogaswami . 622
The Hinduism Today Magazine . 623
Sathya Sai Baba . 625
The Conquest of Death: Charisma in the Imagination, Globalization, and Transcendence . 625
Constructing the Sacred Person in Indie Theology: A Philosophy of Intimate Charisma . 625
Sathya Sai Baba's Life Story, Personhood, and Charisma . 626
Extending Sacred Personhood and Charisma . 628
Theories of Charisma and Sathya Sai Baba's Personhood: Relationality, Affect,
and Persuasiveness . 629
Constructing and Deploying Sacred Personhood; Strategies, Narratives, Durabilities,
and Logics . 630
Beyond Humanity and Divinity: Tactical Captivity and Strategic Liberation . 631
Towards Nomadic Charisma . 631
Satnamis . 634
Satnãmís in Early Modern India . 634
TheSatnampanthofChhattisgarh . 635
Formation of the Satnampanth . 635
Critical Elaborations . 637
Issues of Gender . 639
Questions of Politics . 639
Shirdi Sai Baba . 641
The Life . 641
The Teachings . 646
Conclusion . 648
Sivananda and the Divine Life Society . 651
Sivananda and M. Eliade . 652
Sivananda and Tantrism . 653
Building the Divine Life Society . 654
Sivananda and the All-India Tour . 655
Creating a Transnational Community: The Divine Life Society and Worldwide Yoga . 657
Swadhyaya Movement and Pandurang Shastri Athavale . 659
Swadhyaya after Athavale . 662
Swaminarayan and Swaminarayan Hinduism . 664
The Life Story of Sahajanand Swami . 664
Swaminarayan Teachings . 665
Swaminarayan Social Reform and Discipline . 666
Division . 668
Transnational expansion . 670
Conclusion . 671
Tagore . 672
Budding Poet . 672
Religious Training and Experiences . 672
Jívandevatã, God of Life . 673
Public Universalist Hinduism and the Hindu Nation . 674
Theology of Hindu Modernity . 675
The Religion of Man . 677
Theosophical Society . 679
Theosophy, Evolution, and Spirituality . 684
"No Religion Higher Than Truth" . 686
Vivekananda . 689
Vivekananda's Life . 689
Points of Contention . 691
XVi TABLE OF CONTENTS
Vivekananda's Works . 692
Vivekananda's Ideas . 692
Vivekananda's Legacy . 695
Vivekananda Kendra . 698
Eknath Ranade, the Founder of the Vivekananda Kendra . 699
Emic and Etic Literature on the Vivekananda Kendra . 699
The Origins and Development of the Vivekananda Kendra . 700
Vivekananda Kendra's Yoga Way of Life . 702
Conclusion . 703
Yogananda and the Self-Realization Fellowship . 704
Early Life in India . 704
Traveling . 705
Autobiography of a Yogi and Intersections . 705
Self-Realization Fellowship: Then and Today . 709
Conclusion . 711
Appendix
Devadãsís/Courtesans . 715
Courtesans between Power, Shame, and Fame . 715
Power: The Eye of the Beholder . 716
Power: A Logic of Practice . 717
Between Shame and Fame: Shame . 720
Between Shame and Fame: Fame . 722
Power Revisited . 723
Hinduism and Dravidian Identity . 725
The First Key Moment: The Separation of Brahmans and Non-Brahmans . 726
The Second Key Moment: Linking Dravidian Ideology with Tamil Saivism and Saiva Siddhãnta . 728
The Indigenization of Dravidian Ideology . 728
P. Sundaram Pillay (1855-1897) . 729
J.M. Nallaswami Pillai (1864-1920) . 730
Maraimalai Adigal (1876-1950) . 731
Feminism . 734
The Woman Question . 734
Catalyst by Elite Men . 734
Women's Voices . 737
Post-Independence and Post-colonial Feminisms: Methods and Issues . 741
Nature and Praxis of Feminism . 742
Interventions . 743
Nationalism . 750
Early Developments . 750
Who Is a Hindu? . 753
TheSangh Parivar . 755
Conclusion . 758
Politics and Media . 760
Media and Religion in Colonial India . 760
Media Theory and Practice in the Era of National Independence . 761
A New Phase of Hinduism? . 764
Mediatic Differences and Linguistic Divisions . 766
Conclusion . 767
Glossary . 771
Sections for Future Volumes . 775 |
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spelling | Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism 5 Religious symbols, Hinduism and migration: contemporary communities outside South Asia, some modern religious groups and teachers ed. by Knut A. Jacobsen ... Leiden [u.a.] Brill 2013 XCI, 774 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Handbook of oriental studies : Section 2, India 22,5 Handbook of oriental studies 22 Jacobsen, Knut A. 1956- Sonstige (DE-588)121355527 oth (DE-604)BV035745097 5 Handbook of oriental studies Section 2, India ; 22,5 (DE-604)BV000295138 22,5 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020532889&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
spellingShingle | Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Handbook of oriental studies |
title | Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism |
title_auth | Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism |
title_exact_search | Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism |
title_full | Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism 5 Religious symbols, Hinduism and migration: contemporary communities outside South Asia, some modern religious groups and teachers ed. by Knut A. Jacobsen ... |
title_fullStr | Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism 5 Religious symbols, Hinduism and migration: contemporary communities outside South Asia, some modern religious groups and teachers ed. by Knut A. Jacobsen ... |
title_full_unstemmed | Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism 5 Religious symbols, Hinduism and migration: contemporary communities outside South Asia, some modern religious groups and teachers ed. by Knut A. Jacobsen ... |
title_short | Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism |
title_sort | brill s encyclopedia of hinduism religious symbols hinduism and migration contemporary communities outside south asia some modern religious groups and teachers |
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