The cost of environmental degradation: case studies from the Middle East and North Africa
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, D.C.
World Bank
c2010
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Directions in development: Environment
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVIII, 168 S. Ill. 23 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780821383186 0821383183 9780821383964 0821383965 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The cost of environmental degradation |b case studies from the Middle East and North Africa |c Lelia Croitoru ... eds. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: The cost of environmental degradation
Autor: Croitoru, Lelia
Jahr: 2010
Contents
Voreword xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Abbreviations and Symbols xv
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Lelia Croitoru and Maria Sarraf
Measuring the Cost of Environmental Degradation 2
The Cost of Environmental Degradation in
the Middle East and North Africa 4
Notes 8
References 9
Chapter 2 Water Degradation: The Case of Tunisia 11
Lelia Croitoru, Maria Sarraf, Fadhel Ghariani,
Mohamed Salah Matoussi, and Hamed
Daly-Hassen
Overview of the Water Sector 11
Methodology 13
Cost of Water Degradation 15
Conclusions 28
Notes 29
References 32
Chapter 3 Air Pollution: The Case of lordan 37
Lelia Croitoru, Raffaello Cervigni,
and Amer Jabarin
Overview of Air Pollution 37
Methodology 39
Cost of Air Pollution 41
Conclusions 46
Notes 48
References 50
Chapter 4 Deforestation and Forest Degradation:
The Case of the Islamic Republic of Iran 53
Lelia Croitoru
Overview of the Forest Sector 53
Deforestation and Forest Degradation 55
Methodology 58
Costs of Deforestation and Forest Degradation 59
Conclusions 66
Notes 68
References 70
Chapter 5 Land Degradation: The Case of Morocco 75
Maria Sarraf and Abdeljaouad Jorio
Overview of Land Resources 75
Methodology 77
Cost of Cropland Degradation 79
Cost of Rangeland Degradation 81
Conclusions 82
Notes 85
References 86
Chapter 6 Oil Spill and Waste due to Conflict:
The Case of Lebanon 89
Maria Sarraf, Lelia Croitoru, Mutasem El Fadel,
Karim El-Jisr, Erkki Ikdheimo, Erich Gundlach,
and Samia Al-Duaij
The Oil Spill 90
Demolition, Military, and Medical Waste 114
Conclusions 133
Notes 135
References 141
Chapter 7 Implications for Policies, Investments,
and Institutions 147
SherifArif
Overview 147
The COED s Impact on Policy Making 149
The COED s Impact on Investments 152
The COED s Impact on Institutional
Strengthening 154
Notes 156
References 157
Index 161
Figures
1.1 Estimated COED in Selected Middle Eastern
and North African Countries 8
2.1 Fish Production in Most Polluted Areas vs. Rest
of Tunisia 20
2.2 Fish Production per Boat in Most Polluted Areas vs.
Rest of Tunisia 21
2.3 Annual Cost of Water Degradation in Tunisia 28
3.1 Estimated Damages from Air Pollution 46
3.2 Shares of Environmental Degradation Cost in Jordan,
by Category 47
4.1 Annual Costs of Deforestation and Forest Degradation
in the Islamic Republic of Iran, by Category 67
4.2 Shares of Environmental Degradation Cost in the
Islamic Republic of Iran, by Category 67
5.1 Classes of Land Degradation Severity 78
5.2 Annual Cost of Cropland and Rangeland Degradation,
by Category 83
5.3 Shares of Environmental Degradation Cost in Morocco,
by Category 84
6.1 Oil Impact Areas, July 15 to August 2, 2006 91
6.2 Annual Degradation Cost Caused by the Oil Spill 113
6.3 Map of Cluster Bomb Strikes as of July 23, 2007 129
6.4 Impacts of the July-August 2006 Hostilities on Waste 132
6.5 Estimated COED in Lebanon, by Category, 2006 134
Tables
1.1 Comparative Data on Middle East and
North African Economies 4
2.1 Estimated Impacts of Water Degradation and
Valuation Methods 14
2.2 Cost of Replacing Dam Capacity 19
2.3 Tunisian Groundwater Resources andTheir
Exploitation 25
2.4 Water Volume and Change in Groundwater Table,
by Region 26
2.5 Annual Costs to Pump Additional Water for Resources
Subject to Overexploitation in Tunisia 27
2.6 Replacement Cost of Wells, by Region and Nationally 27
3.1 Pollutant Emissions from Transportation and Industry
Sources, 2004 38
3.2 Estimated PM10 Concentration and Exposed
Population in Selected Urban Areas 41
3.3 Dose-Response Coefhcients for Morbidity from
PM10 Exposure 44
3.4 Estimated Loss of DALYs from Health Effects of
Air Pollution 45
4.1 Characteristics of Forests in the Islamic Republic of
Iran, by Region 57
4.2 Methods to Estimate the Value of Forest Benefits 58
5.1 Severity of Cropland Degradation in Morocco 80
5.2 Estimated Cost of Degraded Cropland 81
5.3 Distribution of Rangelands by Region and Vegetation Type 82
5.4 Estimated Loss of Forage Production and Damage
Costs to Rangelands 83
6.1 Comparison of Jiyeh Fuel with Other Fuels 92
6.2 Oil Spill Damages to Selected Coastal Activities 96
6.3 Forgone Coastal Hotel and Apartment Income due
to Oil Spill 97
6.4 Forgone Beach Resort, Chalet, Public Beach, and
Event Income due to Oil Spill 98
6.5 Forgone Marina Income from Boat Rental and
Water Sports due to Oil Spill 101
6.6 Individual Visitors and Groups Using Palm
Island Nature Reserve Boats 104
6.7 Palm Island Nature Reserve: Forgone Income due
to the Oil Spill 105
6.8 Forgone Tourism Income from the Byblos World
Heritage Site 106
6.9 Income Forgone by Restaurants due to the Oil Spill 108
6.10 Income Forgone to Commercial and Shoreside Fishing
due to the Oil Spill 109
6.11 Estimated Costs of Damage and Cleanup due to
the Oil Spill 112
6.12 Estimated Volume of D emolition Waste 119
6.13 Estimated Cost of Loading and Transporting
Demolition Waste 123
6.14 Cost of Road Depreciation in Beirut 124
6.15 Estimated Cost of Traffic Delays 125
6.16 Estimated Cost of Land for Demolition
Waste Disposal 125
6.17 Estimated Damage Costs of Demolition Waste 126
6.18 Estimated Damage Cost of Unexploded
Ordnances (UXOs) 128
6.19 Estimated Annual Value of Agricultural Production
in the South and Nabatiyeh 129
6.20 Estimated Range of UXO Damage Cost to Agricultural
Productivity 130
6.21 Estimated Damage Cost due to UXOs 131
6.22 Estimated Cost of Damage due to Military Waste 132
6.23 Estimated COED of the 2006 Hostilities in Lebanon 133
Photos
2.1 Reservoir in Northwest Tunisia 18
2.2 Gullies Drain into a Reservoir in Northwest Tunisia 18
4.1 Forested Areas in Rasht, Gilan Province 54
5.1 Wheat Field in Morocco 76
5.2 Grazing Sheep in Morocco 76
6.1 Jiyeh Electrical Power Station and Tanks 90
6.2 Oil Impact on Major Shoreline Types 92
6.3 Oil Pollution in the Port of Daliyi 102
6.4 OiledBird 104
6.5 Containers of Oiled Waste 111
6.6 Building Damage in Beirut s Southern Suburbs 118
6.7 Rubble Disposal Site in Beirut 120
6.8 Aytaroun Pond Filled with Demolition Waste 121
6.9 Demolition Waste in Baalbeck El-Hermel 122
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| spelling | The cost of environmental degradation case studies from the Middle East and North Africa Lelia Croitoru ... eds. Washington, D.C. World Bank c2010 XVIII, 168 S. Ill. 23 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Directions in development: Environment Environmental degradation / Middle East / Case studies Umweltökonomie (DE-588)4061638-1 gnd rswk-swf Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 gnd rswk-swf Environmental degradation / Africa, North / Case studies Middle East / Environmental conditions / Case studies Africa, North / Environmental conditions / Case studies Naher Osten Nordafrika (DE-588)4042482-0 gnd rswk-swf Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content (DE-588)4522595-3 Fallstudiensammlung gnd-content Naher Osten (DE-588)4068878-1 g Nordafrika (DE-588)4042482-0 g Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 s Umweltökonomie (DE-588)4061638-1 s DE-604 Croitoru, Lelia edt HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020530770&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The cost of environmental degradation case studies from the Middle East and North Africa Environmental degradation / Middle East / Case studies Umweltökonomie (DE-588)4061638-1 gnd Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 gnd |
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| title | The cost of environmental degradation case studies from the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_auth | The cost of environmental degradation case studies from the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_exact_search | The cost of environmental degradation case studies from the Middle East and North Africa |
| title_full | The cost of environmental degradation case studies from the Middle East and North Africa Lelia Croitoru ... eds. |
| title_fullStr | The cost of environmental degradation case studies from the Middle East and North Africa Lelia Croitoru ... eds. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The cost of environmental degradation case studies from the Middle East and North Africa Lelia Croitoru ... eds. |
| title_short | The cost of environmental degradation |
| title_sort | the cost of environmental degradation case studies from the middle east and north africa |
| title_sub | case studies from the Middle East and North Africa |
| topic | Environmental degradation / Middle East / Case studies Umweltökonomie (DE-588)4061638-1 gnd Umweltschaden (DE-588)4117286-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Environmental degradation / Middle East / Case studies Umweltökonomie Umweltschaden Environmental degradation / Africa, North / Case studies Middle East / Environmental conditions / Case studies Africa, North / Environmental conditions / Case studies Naher Osten Nordafrika Aufsatzsammlung Fallstudiensammlung |
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