Animal models in eye research:
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Ophthalmology
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 215 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780123741691 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Animal models in eye research |c ed. by Panagiotis A. Tsonis |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 215 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020511797 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143189180809216 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface xi
List of Contributors xiii
1. Anatomical and Functional Diversity of Animal Eyes 1
Elke K. Buschbeck
Physical Limits of Eye Designs 2
The Evolutionary Origin of Eyes 2
Diversity of Eye Types 4
Acknowledgments 5
References 5
2. The Simplest Eyes: Rhodopsin-mediated Phototaxis Reception
in Microorganisms 6
John L. Spudich, Elena N. Spudich
Introduction 6
Microbial Rhodopsins, A Large Family With Diverse Phototransducing Functions 7
Modes of Signaling by the Versatile Microbial Sensory Rhodopsins 8
Signaling to a Membrane-embedded Transducer in Haloarchaeal Prokaryotic Phototaxis 8
Signaling to a Cytoplasmic Transducer by a Cyanobacterial Sensory Rhodopsin 10
Light-gated Channel Activity in Chlamydomonas Phototaxis 11
Evolutionary Relationship Between Microbial Rhodopsins and Visual Pigments 12
Acknowledgments 12
References 12
3. The Planarian Eye: A Simple and Plastic System with
Great Regenerative Capacity 15
Emili Salo, Renata Batistoni
Introduction 15
Planarian Eyes 16
Technological Advances in Planarian Studies 17
Planarian Eye Regeneration: A Unique Model for the Study of Eye Organogenesis 18
Animal Models in ETeRcsandi V ® 2008, EUcvier Ltd
Vi CONTENTS
Eye Cell Specification in Planarians: Identifying Planarian Members of the
Retinal Determination Gene Network 21
Conclusions and Future Prospects 23
Acknowledgments 24
References 24
4. Development of the Drosophila melanogaster Eye: from Precursor
Specification to Terminal Differentiation 27
Simon G. Sprecher, Claude Desplan
Introduction 27
Drosophila as A Model System 27
Anatomy and Morphology of the Drosophila Eye 29
Early Development and Specification of Eye Precursor Cells 29
Embryonic Origin of the Eye 30
Early Development of the Eye-antennal Disc: Specification of Eye Versus Antenna 30
The Retinal Determination Network (RDN) Provides the Basis for Eye Formation 31
Function of the RDN 31
Evolutionary Conservation of the RDN 33
The Morphogenetic Furrow and the Specification of Photoreceptor and Accesory Cells 34
Initiation of the Morphogenetic Furrow 34
The Starting Point in Ommatidia Development: Specification of the R8
Photoreceptor Precursor 36
Recruitment and Specification of R1-R7 37
Cell-cycle Control and Apoptosis in the Eye 38
Planar Cell Polarity 39
Terminal Differentiation and Subtype Specification of Photoreceptors 40
Different Ommatidia Subtypes 40
Specification of Inner Versus Outer Photoreceptors 41
Making Inner Photoreceptors to R7 and R8 cells 41
Stochastic Specification of Yellow Versus Pale Ommatidia 42
Developmental Choice to Specify Yellow Versus Pale R8 Photoreceptors 42
Specification of Inners Photoreceptors in the Dorsal Rim Area (DRA) 42
Development and Specification of the Larval Eye 43
Acknowledgments 44
References 44
5. The Antarctic Toothfish: A New Model System for
Eye Lens Biology 48
Andor J. Kiss
The Antarctic Environment 48
Toothfish Biology 49
Lens Biochemistry 50
CONTENTS vii
Lens Crystallin cDNA Sequences 52
Other Aspects of Toothfish Eye Biology 53
Strengths of the Toothfish as a Model System 53
References 54
6. Xenopus, an Ideal Vertebrate System for Studies of Eye
Development and Regeneration 57
Jonathan J. Henry, Jason M. Wever, M. Natalia Vergara, Lisa Fukui
Introduction 58
History of Xenopus as a Model System for Cell, Developmental and
Molecular Biology 58
Xenopus tropicalis: An Emerging Genetic System 59
Technical Advantages of Xenopus as a Model System 59
Basic Biology and Development 59
Tools for Molecular Level Analyses 60
Trangenesis in Xenopus 61
Overview of Eye Development, Anatomy and Morphology 62
Embryonic Origins of Eye Tissues in Xenopus (Cell Lineage Analyses) 62
Early Stages of Eye Development 63
Development of the Lens 65
Analyses of Crystallin Expression During Lens Development 66
Development of the Retina 66
Development of the Cornea and Other Eye Tissues 67
Inductive Interactions in Eye Development 67
Embryonic Lens Induction 67
Induction of the Retina 70
Contributions to our Understanding of the Molecular Basis of Eye Development 70
Molecular Level Control of Retinal Development 70
Molecular Level Control of Lens Development 74
The Process of Lens Regeneration in Xenopus 76
Overview of Lens Regeneration 76
Analyses of Crystallin Expression During Lens Regeneration 78
Contributions to Our Understanding of the Molecular Basis of Lens
Regeneration in Xenopus 79
Functional Studies with cDNA Library Clones 80
Regeneration of the Neural Retina in Xenopus 81
Overview of Retinal Regeneration 81
In Vivo Studies: Ablation of Eye Fragments in Xenopus Tadpoles.
Healing Modes and Their Correlation to the Patterning of
Retino-tectal Projections 81
Axotomy in Xenopus Tadpoles: Optic Nerve Regeneration and
Ganglion Cell Number 82
Retinal Ablation and Eye Restoration in Post-metamorphic Frogs:
Sources of New Retinal Cells 82
Potential of the Pigmented Eye Tissues to Transdifferentiate into
Neural Retina: Experiences from In Vitro Culture and Transplantation Experiments 83
Viii CONTENTS
Future Directions 84
Acknowledgments 84
References 84
7. The Newt as a Model for Eye Regeneration 93
Meagan Roddy, Panagiotis A. Tsonis
Background 93
Retina Regeneration 94
Gene Regulation 96
Lens Regeneration 96
Gene Regulation 97
MicroRNAs 98
Transdifferentiation in Newts: A Model for Stem Cell Differentiation? 99
Immunity and Regulation 99
The Promise of the Newt 100
References 100 ;
i
8. The Chick as a Model for Retina Development and Regeneration 102
Teri L. Belecky-Adams, Tracy Haynes, Jonathan M. Wilson, Katia Del Rio-Tsonis
The Chick Embryo as a Model System 102
Introduction 102
The Advantages of the Chick Embryo 103 I
The Embryonic Chick Toolbox 105
Chick Retina Regeneration 108
Introduction 108
Regeneration by Stem/progenitor Cell Activation 109
Regeneration by Transdifferentiation 110
Using the Embryonic Chick Eye to Probe for Retina Repair Potential
of Mammalian Cells 113
The Post-hatch Chick and Its Potential Sources of Retina Repair 113
Conclusion 114 i
Acknowledgments 114
References 114
)
9. Eye Development Using Mouse Genetics 120 I
Ni Song, Richard A. Lang ¦
Introduction 120
Naturally Occurring Mutants 121
Transgenic Mouse Lines 122
Gene Targeting 123
The Germ Line Null Allele 123
The Conditional Allele 125
CONTENTS ix
Heterologous Gene Expression via Knock-in 125
Temporal Control 126
Hormone-regulated Protein Activity 126
The GAL4/UAS System for Transcriptional Control 127
Tetracycline-regulated Transcriptional Control 127
The LacO/LacIR System for Transcriptional Control 127
Forward Genetics in the Mouse 128
Gene Trapping 128
Chemical Mutagenesis Screens 128
Concluding Comments 130
References 130
10. Epithelial Explants and Their Application to Study Developmental
Processes in the Lens 134
F.f. Lovicu, J.W. McAvoy
Introduction 134
Lens Morphogenesis, Differentiation and Growth 135
Development of Explant Models 136
Preparation of Lens Epithelial Explants 137
Choice of Animals 137
Setting Up for the Explant Procedure 138
Collection of Lens Tissue 139
Isolating the Lens Epithelium 141
Securing the Lens Explant 143
Variations on a Theme 143
Processing Explants for Analysis 144
Light Microscopy Applications 145
Electron Microscopy Applications 145
Future Perspectives 145
References 146
11. Mouse Models of the Cornea and Lens: Understanding
Ocular Disease 148
Satori A. Marchitti, J. Bronivyn Batetnan, J. Mark Petrash, Vasilis Vasiliou
Introduction 148
Mouse Models of the Cornea 149
Mouse Models of Corneal Development and Disease 149
Corneal Crystallins and Relevant Mouse Models 152
Mouse Models of the Lens 155
Transgenic Lens Models 155
Single Gene Mouse Models of Cataract Formation 157
Concluding Remarks 165
Acknowledgments 165
References 165
X CONTENTS
12. Deciphering Irradiance Detection in the Mammalian Retina 173
Robert J. Lucas, Daniela Vallone, Nicholas S. Foulkes
Introduction 173
Orcadian Clock Entrainment 174
The Pupillary Light Reflex (PLR) 174
Masking 174
Melatonin Suppression 174
Irradiance Detection in other Vertebrates 175
Rodless Coneless Mice 175
ipRGCs 176
Xenopus Melanophores: the Discovery of Melanopsin . 176
Melanopsin-knockout Mice 178
Role of Rods and Cones in Irradiance Detection 178
Is Melanopsin a Photopigment? 178
ipRGCS, Melanopsin and Early Development 180
Evolutionary Perspectives and Concluding Remarks 181
Acknowledgments 181
References 181
13. The Rabbit in Cataract/IOL Surgery 184
Arlene Gwon
(Introduction 184
Rabbit Eye Anatomy: Comparisons and Contrasts with the Human Eye 184
Use of the Rabbit in Ocular Surgery Research 187
Lens/Cataract Surgery 187
IOL Biocompatibility 190
Posterior Capsule Opacification 191
Accommodating IOL 196
Lens Refilling 197
Lens Regeneration 197
Summary 199
References 199
14. The Primate in Cataract/IOL Surgery 205
Arlene Gwon
Introduction 205
Lens/cataract Surgery 205
Accommodation 206
Summary 207
References 207
Index 209
|
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| spelling | Animal models in eye research ed. by Panagiotis A. Tsonis 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier 2008 XIV, 215 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ophthalmology Auge (DE-588)4122841-8 gnd rswk-swf Vergleichende Physiologie (DE-588)4187730-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Auge (DE-588)4122841-8 s Vergleichende Physiologie (DE-588)4187730-5 s b DE-604 Tsonis, Panagiotis A. Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020511797&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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| title | Animal models in eye research |
| title_auth | Animal models in eye research |
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| title_full | Animal models in eye research ed. by Panagiotis A. Tsonis |
| title_fullStr | Animal models in eye research ed. by Panagiotis A. Tsonis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Animal models in eye research ed. by Panagiotis A. Tsonis |
| title_short | Animal models in eye research |
| title_sort | animal models in eye research |
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| topic_facet | Auge Vergleichende Physiologie Aufsatzsammlung |
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