Układy o ziemskich marnościach: Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Łódź
Ibidem
2009
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Negotiations on earthly vanities Includes bibliographical references (p. [301]-313) and index |
| Beschreibung: | 336 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788388679902 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Układy o ziemskich marnościach |b Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 |c Karol Chylak |
| 264 | 1 | |a Łódź |b Ibidem |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a 336 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Negotiations on earthly vanities | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. [301]-313) and index | ||
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a Catholic Church / Poland / History / 20th century |
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a Catholic Church / Treaties, etc / Poland / 1925 Feb. 10 |
| 610 | 1 | 4 | |a Katholische Kirche |
| 610 | 2 | 7 | |a Katholische Kirche |0 (DE-588)2009545-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1918-1925 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Church property / Poland / History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Secularization / Poland / History | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Church and state / Poland / Catholic Church / History / 20th century | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Land reform / Poland | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Rückgabe |0 (DE-588)4312011-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Enteignung |0 (DE-588)4014843-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Agrarreform |0 (DE-588)4000776-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Polen | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Polen |0 (DE-588)4046496-9 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 689 | 0 | 4 | |a Rückgabe |0 (DE-588)4312011-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 5 | |a Geschichte 1918-1925 |A z |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020507982&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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| 942 | 1 | 1 | |c 200.9 |e 22/bsb |f 09042 |g 438 |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804143177629696000 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wykaz skrótów
...........................................................................................7
Wtęp
...........................................................................................................9
ROZDZIAŁ
1.
Sytuacja materialna Kościoła katolickiego w latach
zaborów
1772-1915.................................................................................13
1.1.
Sekularyzacja majątków kościelnych w zaborze pruskim
.................13
1.2.
Sekularyzacja majątków kościelnych w zaborze austriackim
...........27
1.3.
Sytuacja materialna Kościoła katolickiego w Królestwie Polskim
...33
1.4.
Sekularyzacja majątku Kościoła katolickiego w zaborze rosyjskim
-
tzw. ziemie zabrane
...................................................................................58
1.5.
Położenie materialne Kościoła greckokatolickiego w Królestwie
Polskim
.....................................................................................................65
ROZDZIAŁ
2.
Majątek Kościoła katolickiego oraz dobra
poduchowne i poklasztorne w
II
Rzeczypospolitej
..............................73
2.1.
Majątek ziemski Kościoła katolickiego w
II
Rzeczypospolitej
.........73
2.2.
Dobra poduchowne i poklasztorne w
II
Rzeczypospolitej
................93
2.3.
Reforma rolna w dobrach kościelnych a struktura agrarna
II
Rzeczypospolitej
.................................................................................107
ROZDZIAŁ
3.
Reforma rolna w majątkach kościelnych oraz dobrach
poduchownych i poklasztornych na forum parlamentu
w latach
1919-1925...............................................................................113
3.1.
Partie polityczne wobec Kościoła katolickiego i reformy rolnej
w dobrach kościelnych
............................................................................113
3.2.
Zagadnienie formy uposażenia duchowieństwa
..............................124
3.3.
Reforma rolna w dobrach kościelnych w Sejmie Ustawodawczym
..128
3.4.
Reforma rolna w dobrach kościelnych w Sejmie I kadencji
............139
ROZDZIAŁ
4.
Negocjacje między Episkopatem a władzami polskimi
w sprawie reformy rolnej w dobrach kościelnych i pokościelnych
w latach
1915-1925...............................................................................147
4.1.
Formowanie się stanowiska Kościoła katolickiego wobec problemu
odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr kościelnych
..........................................147
4.2.
Majątek Kościoła katolickiego oraz dobra poduchowne i poklasztorne
w cieniu reformy rolnej
...........................................................................162
4.3.
Rokowania Komisji Papieskiej i Rządowej w sprawie układu o dobra
duchowne i poduchowne
.........................................................................182
ROZDZIAŁ
5.
Reforma rolna w dobrach kościelnych oraz podu¬
chownych i poklasztornych w latach
1918-1924................................203
5.1.
Rewindykacja dóbr pokościelnych na Podlasiu
...............................203
5.2.
Dobra duchowne na Ziemiach Wschodnich
....................................228
5.3.
Reforma rolna w poduchownych dobrach donacyjnych
..................236
5.4.
Likwidacja Funduszy Religijnych
...................................................244
ROZDZIAŁ
6.
Układ konkordatowy między Rzecząpospolitą Polską
i Stolicą Apostolską w
1925
roku
.........................................................249
6.1.
Rokowania w sprawie zawarcia konkordatu
....................................249
6.2.
Sprawy majątku ziemskiego i uposażenia w konkordacie polskim.270
6.3.
Kościół katolicki w
II
Rzeczypospolitej wobec konkordatu
...........273
6.4.
Ratyfikacja konkordatu w parlamencie
............................................279
Zakończenie
...........................................................................................287
Indeks osobowy
.....................................................................................293
Bibliografia
............................................................................................301
Spis tabel
................................................................................................315
Spis wykresów
.......................................................................................316
Aneksy
....................................................................................................317
Summary
................................................................................................333
Karol Chylak
Negotiations on earthly vanities. Catholic Church in the face of recovery and
redistribution of Church possessions problem in years
1918-1925-
Summary
In
1918
the Republic of Poland emerged after
100
years of nonexistence and was coming
back to the map of Europe. Restored, it was created anew, in different reality and in different
world. Any attempts to return to situation before annexation couldn t have been actually suc¬
cessful. Such situation was due to not only geopolitical but, above all, social changes. Monar¬
chies have collapsed one by one. New civil societies have been creating democracy or, in the
opposite, the democracies have been building the citizens sense of civility. Bringing to life a
mass state must have led to re-modeling the hitherto ways of carrying out public activity. Po¬
licy stopped being dependent on elites solely and became a universal good. Causing sensation,
left-wing ideologies that have been adjusted to mass requirements and trivialized in common
perception to egoistic needs of the particular societies, have had a great influence on then exi¬
sting mainstays of law and order. Catholic Church, constituting a kind of anchor of the social
system, has been such law and order mainstay. Acceleration of social transformation made the
Catholic Church adapt to situation, change of world perception, institutional reorganization.
The Concordat of
1925,
although constituted a particular stage in the history of Poland
and of Catholic Church in Poland, didn t lead to completion of the ongoing dispute on mate¬
rial situation of the letter. Moreover, the problem of post-clergy goods re-distribution has been
postponed and principles of agrarian reform of the church s goods haven t been specified. Many
details as the matter of past-Greek Catholic goods or religious funds haven t been resolved as
well. In this context, it could be said, that results haven t met the primary expectations within
nearly six years of negotiations but such conclusion wouldn t be just and wouldn t reflect the
actual state. It has to be remembered that negotiations were conducted by parties who have
just been creating their own identity. Both, the state institution and the Catholic Church insti¬
tution have been created from the very beginning. On the one hand there were four states on
the other hand there were four churches. Each of them with its own problems, its own world
perception and its own vision of the future reality.
During the I Word War the Catholic priesthood took active part in the state s political
life in each annexation. It was an attractive partner for many political environments. Catholic
Church was a legal operating institution, possessing more or less funds, huge influence on so¬
ciety and, on the other hand, it was the most common and having social acceptance informa¬
tion broadcaster. Political organizations canvassed for influence among clergy and in reciproci¬
ty. However it all had a different aspect. Those political forces that have been beyond interest
of Catholic Church, have been staying on the other side of barricade, that has often led to ru-
334
thless
fight between each other. Here, it would be worth to notice one more thing. Centers of
Polish Catholicism that were formed during the national slavery had a different reality percep¬
tion. In general all of them were close to central-right-wings or right-wings view, however em¬
phasis were put differently in each of the annexation. There has to be added an unstable poli¬
tical scene which was characterized by frequent and rather considerable transformations of the
particular formations or coalitions. A not insignificant element of then political life constituted
diversity in relationship between environments clustered over
W. Witos
party that has been an
organization without which it was impossible to organize any coalition that could take over the
helm of the rule in the country. Different attitudes of Church s hierarchy towards Chief of Sta¬
te constituted another
aspea.
In such situation clergymen participation in political life was an
element that decompressed a church institution instead of strengthen its influences and create
reality favourable to the Church. One of the most important problems of Polish Church was
not only to overcome differences within the Church but also cancel some sort of personnel pro¬
blems and build relationship that would give opportunity to agree and articulate rather clear
and homogeneous attitudes in particular matters. However, it was a long-lasting process which
required a compromise attitude towards the particular Church s dignitaries and that wasn t easy
especially because of the negotiations on concordat, in particular its material aspect, diat were
conducted simultaneously.
One of the key aspects of the Catholic Church s life was the matter of agricultural reform
in Church s possessions. Clergy s possessions, although considerably reduced by annexation go¬
vernments, in some parts of die country constituted a titbit for those popularizing partition
process. Such situation took place especially in the past Austrian annexation. So called ground
hunger revived by folk communities, being a considerable factor in election games, was a thre¬
at for botb, clergy material situation and their position among countrymen. Also bishops from
former Prussian annexation exerted disturbance about partition process. In this case, among
other important factors determining such attitude, there was a concern about possibility of loss
of independence of Cadiolic Church. Such conviction was taken from
Kulturkampf
experien¬
ces, when Reich government made use of economic pressure trying to make influence on de¬
cisions regarding casting Church s positions. Completely different attitudes were represented
among most of bishops of the former Polish Kingdom. As they were stripped of their posses¬
sions during the annexation process, for many years diey ve kept living on faithful offerings and
government grants. The main concern of this part of clergy was a matter of salary interpreted
as subventions from government, which effected in their attitude regarding agricultural trans¬
formation in Church s possessions
-
they were willing to negotiate and make considerable con¬
cessions in order to be granted with other privileges.
Episcopates attitude concerning agricultural matter was opened at the beginning. Their sta¬
tement issued at the end of year
1918
was favorable, however rather cautious. As the time goes
by, the way of agricultural structure transformation was more and more radical and bishops
attitudes started differing. While considerable amount of clergymen of Polish Kingdom
toge-
335
ther
with Nuncio
Rattim was
willing to compromise, indulging pressure of central or left com¬
munities, the rest of them were supporting solutions proposed by central-right and right com¬
munities. Confrontation of ideas mentioned above took place on the Episcopate convention in
Gniezno
in August
1919.
Nuncio and Metropolitan of Warsaw, A. Kakowski, were excluded
from the convention and their point of view wasn t taken into consideration at all.
One of the most complicated problems in relationship between clergy and governmental
officials was the matter of former Church s possessions. As a matter of fact this problem was
concerning only Church of former Russian annexation, where Episcopate has never accepted
seizure of their property. Re-vindicatory action that had been taken by them has been blocked
by the government. At the beginning it has been focused en the capacity of the state s bud¬
get. Later on, in connection with the agricultural transformation, the problem became serious.
Priesdiood hasn t demanded for restitution
sensu stricte
but they have demanded for increase
in salary (budgetary grants) or for payment the damages. The agricultural debate highlighted
another thing which was the matter of transferring Churches possessions to rebuild agricultu¬
ral structure.
The matter mentioned above was determined by attitude of clergy of former Prussian and
Austrian annexation. If bishops of Polish Kingdom had accepted minimum of ground posses¬
sion as salary of Church s institution, they would have directly threatened possessions of inha¬
bitants of
Wielkopolska
and
Małopolska.
That s why they ve supported ideas of maintaining
not only the highest possessions norms but also keeping mixed salary system, in which ground
would have been a considerable part. In their opinion Church of past Russian annexation was
supposed to be salaried with possessions of former Churches wealth. Existing contradiction in
concept of principles of clergies and Churches institutions sponsorship has been a fundamen¬
tal problem determining lack of agreement between bishops of Polish Catholic Church.
A differentiation in attitudes has influenced the course of negotiations with the govern¬
ment. A lack of understanding enabled those more capable politicians conducting successive
cabinets, game of politics, reaching confidential agreements with the particular groups of cler¬
gy notables against the others. Although bishops haven t usually crossed the line, beyond which
there was a breakdown of the Church s unity, it created a significant confusion in their ranks
that has even more complicated the already complex matter.
The matter of past-Greek Catholic possessions was pacing me odier ways and has to be hi¬
ghlighted as this one constituting completely different problem in relationship between the go¬
vernment and the interested bishops.
The policy carried out by the consecutive governments cannot be missed as well. MWRiO-
Ps attitude was rather homogeneous and stable in the time before the concordat and could
have been determined as located somewhere between cautious attitude of clergy of past Prus¬
sian and Austrian annexation and rather submissive attitude of bishops of Polish Kingdom,
especially with regard to agricultural matter. The way of discussion was fundamentally determi¬
ned by department of agriculture and
GUZ.
Being under control of folk communities, aiming
336
fast
parution
process, they ve often been overcome by radical influences, which led to instru¬
mental treatment of the matter of agricultural transformation as well as to not taking into ac¬
count other fields of economic and the state s political life. Further inter-ministerial agreements
haven t been satisfactory effective, individual departments opted for their choices and represen¬
ted limited ability to compromise.
In
1921,
when
Władysław Kiernik
took over the control on the process of negotiations
regarding Church s possessions, there could be seen a kind of progress. However, it was a
short-term situation and, moreover, not deprived of intense reactions of MWRiOP. The next
relaxation took place in autumn
1922
when it seemed to be close to reach the agreement. Ne¬
vertheless, when
Władysław
Sikorski
s
cabinet highlighted the agricultural matter again, it led
to conference collapse. The talks have been sealed by maintaining the principles of the project
regarding agricultural reform in the Church s possessions that has been led by the coalition go¬
vernment of
Wincenty Witos.
Both parties haven t been prepared to conduct negotiations regarding material status of Ca¬
tholic Church yet. The Episcopate as well as the government couldn t have come to an agre¬
ement, even within their own circle, that would have constituted compromise and proposals
flexible enough so that the other party would have been able to hold a discussion. The levied
thesis have been so different one from another that it seemed as the parties wanted to confront
instead of reaching an agreement. Additionally, each of the partners, when seeing a lack of ho¬
mogeneity within the opposite party, has attempted to look for followers of his own concept
there, instead of looking for solutions acceptable for everyone.
Such a thesis was substantiated by the concordat negotiation process and the arrangement
itself made in
1925.
This arrangement was a great achievement for both the state and the Ca¬
tholic Church although it might have constituted only a kind of vague formula that needed to
have been specified and many issues on possessions of the Catholic Church were excluded from
the arrangement for further agreements and negotiations. The situation that have been formed
among bishops after signing the arrangement has been an evidence of the problem complexi¬
ty and the differentiation in the bishops attitudes although the issue itself has already been di¬
scussed for nearly six years.
A difficult negotiation process regarding material status of the Catholic Church in Poland
enables to see in the bright light the
maner
of opinion on assessment with the Holy See in
1925.
Taking into consideration the great influence of possessions matter, in
1930
cardinal
Aleksander Kakowski
noticed accurately that Concordat arose in the time of fighting for agri¬
cultural reform and perhaps it is too much focused on this, however it is actually good
[...]
for
church in Poland,
[...]
constitutes strong and lasting foundation...
í
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
I
München
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Chylak, Karol 1978- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1183758162 |
| author_facet | Chylak, Karol 1978- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Chylak, Karol 1978- |
| author_variant | k c kc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036587206 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705697248 (DE-599)BVBBV036587206 |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1918-1925 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1918-1925 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polen Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV036587206 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T22:43:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788388679902 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020507982 |
| oclc_num | 705697248 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 336 S. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Ibidem |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Chylak, Karol 1978- Verfasser (DE-588)1183758162 aut Układy o ziemskich marnościach Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 Karol Chylak Łódź Ibidem 2009 336 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Negotiations on earthly vanities Includes bibliographical references (p. [301]-313) and index Catholic Church / Poland / History / 20th century Catholic Church / Treaties, etc / Poland / 1925 Feb. 10 Katholische Kirche Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1918-1925 gnd rswk-swf Church property / Poland / History Secularization / Poland / History Church and state / Poland / Catholic Church / History / 20th century Land reform / Poland Geschichte Rückgabe (DE-588)4312011-8 gnd rswk-swf Enteignung (DE-588)4014843-9 gnd rswk-swf Agrarreform (DE-588)4000776-5 gnd rswk-swf Polen Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 b Agrarreform (DE-588)4000776-5 s Enteignung (DE-588)4014843-9 s Rückgabe (DE-588)4312011-8 s Geschichte 1918-1925 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020507982&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020507982&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Chylak, Karol 1978- Układy o ziemskich marnościach Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 Catholic Church / Poland / History / 20th century Catholic Church / Treaties, etc / Poland / 1925 Feb. 10 Katholische Kirche Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd Church property / Poland / History Secularization / Poland / History Church and state / Poland / Catholic Church / History / 20th century Land reform / Poland Geschichte Rückgabe (DE-588)4312011-8 gnd Enteignung (DE-588)4014843-9 gnd Agrarreform (DE-588)4000776-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2009545-4 (DE-588)4312011-8 (DE-588)4014843-9 (DE-588)4000776-5 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Układy o ziemskich marnościach Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 |
| title_auth | Układy o ziemskich marnościach Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 |
| title_exact_search | Układy o ziemskich marnościach Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 |
| title_full | Układy o ziemskich marnościach Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 Karol Chylak |
| title_fullStr | Układy o ziemskich marnościach Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 Karol Chylak |
| title_full_unstemmed | Układy o ziemskich marnościach Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 Karol Chylak |
| title_short | Układy o ziemskich marnościach |
| title_sort | uklady o ziemskich marnosciach kosciol katolicki wobec problemow odzyskania i redystrybucji dobr duchownych w polsce w latach 1918 1925 |
| title_sub | Kościół katolicki wobec problemów odzyskania i redystrybucji dóbr duchownych w Polsce w latach 1918 - 1925 |
| topic | Catholic Church / Poland / History / 20th century Catholic Church / Treaties, etc / Poland / 1925 Feb. 10 Katholische Kirche Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd Church property / Poland / History Secularization / Poland / History Church and state / Poland / Catholic Church / History / 20th century Land reform / Poland Geschichte Rückgabe (DE-588)4312011-8 gnd Enteignung (DE-588)4014843-9 gnd Agrarreform (DE-588)4000776-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Catholic Church / Poland / History / 20th century Catholic Church / Treaties, etc / Poland / 1925 Feb. 10 Katholische Kirche Church property / Poland / History Secularization / Poland / History Church and state / Poland / Catholic Church / History / 20th century Land reform / Poland Geschichte Rückgabe Enteignung Agrarreform Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020507982&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020507982&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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