European state aid law: a commentary
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
München
C.H. Beck
2016
Oxford, United Kingdom ; Portland OR Hart Baden-Baden Nomos |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXXVIII, 1747 Seiten |
| ISBN: | 9783406603266 9783832973896 9781849461900 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a European state aid law |b a commentary |c edited by Franz Jürgen Säcker, Frank Montag ; list of authors: Christoph Arhold [und 23 weitere] |
| 264 | 1 | |a München |b C.H. Beck |c 2016 | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford, United Kingdom ; Portland OR |b Hart | |
| 264 | 1 | |a Baden-Baden |b Nomos | |
| 300 | |a XXXVIII, 1747 Seiten | ||
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| 700 | 1 | |a Säcker, Franz Jürgen |d 1941- |0 (DE-588)120316757 |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Montag, Frank |0 (DE-588)1028620535 |4 edt | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Arhold, Christoph |4 oth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820136588535922688 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
FOREWORD
.
V
LIST OF AU TH O
RS.-XXVII
ABBREVIATIONS.
XXIX
PART I INTROD
UCTION.
1
A. THE BASIC PRINCIPLES OF STATE AID LAW
.
2
B. ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES OF STATE AID C O N TRO
L.
3
I. ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION FOR STATE AID CONTROL
.
5
1. DEFINITION OF STATE AID
.
5
2. EXCEPTIONS TO THE GENERAL BAN ON STATE A ID
.
6
3. INCENTIVES FOR STATE AID ALLOCATION AND THE LOGIC OF SUPRANATIONAL
STATE AID CONTROL
.
7
4. APPROPRIATE TARGETING OF STATE AID C O N TRO
L.
8
II. MOTIVES FOR GRANTING STATE A ID
.
9
1. CLASSIC REASONS FOR MARKET FAILURE: STATE AID AS A TOOL FOR
CORRECTING MARKET F AILURE
.
9
2. POLITICALLY MOTIVATED REASONS
.
14
3. POLITICO-ECONOMIC REASONS
.
17
III. STATE AID CONTROL AS AN ELEMENT OF COMPETITION
POLICY.
18
1. STATE AID CONTROL IN THE SYSTEM OF COMPETITION POLICY
.
18
2. ALTERNATIVE ORGANIZING OF STATE AID CONTROL
.
20
IV. THE *MORE ECONOMIC APPROACH* IN STATE AID CONTROL - THE STATE AID
ACTION PLAN AND STATE
AID M
ODERNIZATION.
21
1. THE STATE AID ACTION P LA N
.
21
2. THE BALANCING T E S
T.
23
3. STATE AID MODERNIZATION
.
30
4. ECONOMIC APPROACH ON THE FACTUAL L
EVEL.
32
5. ECONOMIC APPROACH ON THE JUSTIFICATION
LEVEL.
36
6. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN ASSESSING THE EFFECT OF A ID
. 37
7. INDIVIDUAL CASE ANALYSES VS. PER SE RULES
.
42
V. SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SAAP AND THE SAM - EXAM PLES
.
43
1. EXTENSION OF THE DE MINIMIS
REGULATION.
44
2. GENERAL BLOCK EXEMPTION
REGULATION.
45
3. RESCUE AND RESTRUCTURING G
UIDELINES.
47
4. COMMUNITY FRAMEWORK RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION
.
48
PART II ARTICLE 107 T F E U
.
51
A. BASIC P
RINCIPLES.
56
I. SCOPE OF EUROPEAN LAW ON STATE A ID
.
56
1. TERRITORIAL SCO P
E.
56
2. TEMPORAL
SCOPE.
57
3. MATERIAL SCO P
E.
59
II. RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY (EXCEPT ARTICLE 106
TFEU)
.
61
1. SPECIAL CONDITIONS IN COMPARISON WITH ARTICLES 107 ET SEQQ. T F E U
. 61
2. ARTICLES 107 ET SEQQ. TFEU AS LEX SPECIALIS IN RELATION TO ARTICLE 18
T FE U
.
64
3. PROVISIONS THAT APPLY IN PARALLEL WITH ARTICLES 107 AND 108 TFEU
. 65
4. EU LEGAL STANDARDS WITH NO INFLUENCE ON ARTICLES 107 ET SEQQ. TF E U
.
71
III. RELATIONSHIP TO THE WTO RULES (ANTI-SUBSIDY RULES)
. 71
1. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WTO ANTI-SUBSIDY RU LE S
.
73
2. THE NOTION OF SUBSIDY UNDER THE WTO RULES
.
74
3. POSSIBLE MEASURES AGAINST
SUBSIDIES.
80
4. COMPATIBLE EU STATE AID MAY VIOLATE WTO RU LES
.
81
B. THE DEFINITION OF STATE AID
.
82
I. PRELIMINARY REM
ARKS.
82
II.
ADVANTAGE.
85
1. GENERAL ASPECTS - THE EFFECTS DOCTRINE
.
87
2. ECONOMIC ADVANTAGE AS (NON-)CASH BENEFIT WITHOUT ADEQUATE
CONSIDERATION. 88
III. GRANTED THROUGH STATE
RESOURCES.
154
1. GENERAL
.
155
2. IMPUTABILITY
.
156
3. BURDEN ON STATE RESOURCES
.
162
IV.
SELECTIVITY.
174
1. *CERTAIN UNDERTAKINGS OR THE PRODUCTION OF CERTAIN GOODS*
. 175
2.
SELECTIVITY.
188
V. DISTORTION OF COM
PETITION.
228
1. GENERAL
.
229
2. REQUIREMENTS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF A DISTORTION OF COM
PETITION. 229
VI. EFFECT ON TRADE BETWEEN MEMBER STATES
.
236
1. GENERAL
.
236
2. APPLICATION IN PRACTICE
.
237
C. LEGAL EXEMPTIONS (ARTICLE 107(2) T F E U
).
244
I.
PURPOSE.
244
II. STATE AID WITH SOCIAL CHARACTER THAT IS GRANTED TO INDIVIDUAL CONSUM
ERS
.
244
1. AID WITH SOCIAL CHARACTER
.
245
2. CONSUMER
.
245
3. NON-DISCRIM
INATION.
245
III. AID TO MAKE GOOD THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY NATURAL DISASTERS OR
EXCEPTIONAL OCCURRENCES
.
245
1. GENERAL COMMENTS
.
245
2. NATURAL
DISASTERS.
246
3. OTHER EXCEPTIONAL
OCCURRENCES.
246
IV. AID GRANTED TO THE ECONOMY OF CERTAIN AREAS OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC
OF GERMANY AFFECTED BY
THE DIVISION OF G ERM
ANY.
247
1. THE DIVISION OF G ERM
ANY.
247
2. AFFECTED AREA
S.
250
3. DISADVANTAGES DUE TO
DIVISION.
250
4. NECESSARY COM
PENSATION.
250
5. REPEAL BY THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN U N IO N
.
250
D. COMPATIBLE AND INCOMPATIBLE AID (ARTICLE 107(3) TFEU)
.
251
I.
INTRODUCTION.
251
1. CHANGES DUE TO THE TREATY OF LISBON
.
251
2. INSTITUTIONAL
ASPECTS.
251
3. THE LEGAL NATURE OF AUTHORIZATIONS
.
255
4. HOW CAN THE COMMISSION DECIDE?
.
261
5. PERIOD OF TIM E
.
265
6. CONTENT AND EFFECT OF THE DECISION
.
268
7. NO VIOLATION OF OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE TFEU BY THE COMMISSION*S
DECISION
.
271
8. THE OBLIGATION TO STATE REASONS
.
273
9. RECOVERY OF AID
.
276
II. CASES IN WHICH AID CAN BE APPROVED
.
279
1.
INTRODUCTION.
279
2. GENERAL ASSESSMENT
PRINCIPLES.
279
3. SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR EXEMPTION
.
281
PART III SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST (SG EI)
.
295
A. SGEI AND THE PRINCIPLE OF AN OPEN M ARKET ECONOMY WITH FREE
COMPETITION IN THE EUROPEAN
UNION
.
298
I.
INTRODUCTION.
298
II. IMPLICATIONS OF THE TREATY OF
LISBON.
299
III. THE SGEI PACKAGE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION
.
300
B. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 107 TFEU TO COMPENSATION GRANTED FOR THE
PROVISION OF S G E I
.
301
I. CONCEPT OF
UNDERTAKING.
302
1. ECONOMIC
ACTIVITIES.
302
2. NON ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES OF A PURELY SOCIAL NATURE AND THOSE RELATED
TO STATE PREROGATIVES . 303
3. SERVICE MONOPOLIES
.
306
4. SPECIFIC SECTORS
.
307
5. RELATIVITY OF THE CO N CEP
T.
309
6. PAYMENTS TO AN ENTITY ENGAGED IN ECONOMIC AND NON-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
.
310
II. ADVANTAGE (ALTMARK-TRANS)
.
311
1. 1ST ALTMARK CRITERION: ENTRUSTMENT WITH THE FULFILMENT OF A CLEARLY
DEFINED PUBLIC SERVICE
OBLIGATION.
311
2. 2ND ALTMARK-CRITERION: EX ANTE OBJECTIVITY AND TRANSPARENCY
.
314
3. 3RD ALTMARK CRITERION: NECESSITY (AVOIDANCE OF
OVERCOMPENSATION). 315
4. 4TH ALTMARK-CRITERION:
EFFICIENCY.
316
III. TRADE AFFECTING DISTORTION OF COMPETITION (DE-MINIMIS)
. 322
1.
INTRODUCTION.
322
2. DE-MZMMZS-REGULATION (EU) NO 360/2012 (TEXT)
.
323
3. DE-MINI MIS-REGULATION (EU) NO 360/2012 (ANNOTATIONS)
. 325
C. EXEMPTIONS PURSUANT ARTICLE 106(2) TFEU AND THE SGEI FRAM EW
ORK. 328
I. PURPOSE OF ARTICLE 106(2) TFEU WITHIN STATE AID LA W
.
328
II. SCOPE OF APPLICABILITY - ARTICLE 106(2) TFEU BEYOND THE ALTMARK
CRITERIA. 331
III. APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 106(2) TFEU WITH REGARDS TO THE SGEI FRAM
EWORK
.
332
1.
OVERVIEW.
332
2. ROLE AND SCOPE OF THE SGEI FRAM
EWORK.
332
3. SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST
(SGEI).
334
4. ACT OF ENTRUSTM
ENT.
336
5. THE NECESSITY FOR A ID
.
338
6. NO EFFECTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRADE CONTRARY TO THE UNION*S
INTEREST (ARTICLE 106(2)
SENTENCE 2 T FE U
).
352
7. FURTHER REQUIREMENTS OF THE SGEI FRAM EW
ORK.
360
IV. PRINCIPLES OF PROCEDURE (BURDEN OF PROOF AND INTENSITY OF EXAM
INATION)
.
361
D. SGEI BLOCK EXEMPTION DECISION 2012/21/EU (SGEI D ECISION)
.
362
1.
OVERVIEW.
370
2. CALCULATION OF COSTS
.
371
3. REVENUES TO BE
BALANCED.
373
4. REASONABLE PROFIT
.
374
5. ACCOUNTING UNBUNDLING (ARTICLE 5 (9
)).
376
6. EFFICIENCY INCENTIVES (ARTICLE 5(6))
.
377
PART IV COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) NO 651/2014
. 383
CHAPTER I COMMON PROVISIONS
.
401
INTRODUCTION TO ARTICLES 1 ET
SEQ.
401
I. GENERAL
OBSERVATIONS.
401
II.
PURPOSE.
402
III. HISTORY
.
402
ARTICLE 1: SCOPE
.
403
I.
SCOPE.
405
II. EXCLUDED AID
.
405
ARTICLE 2: DEFINITIONS
.
408
ARTICLE 3: CONDITIONS FOR EXEM
PTION.
424
ARTICLE 4: NOTIFICATION THRESHOLDS
.
424
ARTICLE 5: TRANSPARENCY OF AID
.
427
ARTICLE 6: INCENTIVE
EFFECT.
428
I. PREVIOUS GROUP EXEMPTION REGULATIONS
.
430
II. BASIC RULES APPLICABLE TO BOTH SMES AND LARGE
ENTERPRISES. 430
III. AD HOC AID TO LARGE
ENTERPRISES.
430
IV. DEROGATIONS FOR TAX ADVANTAGES AND SOCIALLY MOTIVATED A ID
. 431
V. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES IN CASE OF FAILURE TO FULFIL CONDITIONS
.
431
ARTICLE 7: AID INTENSITY AND ELIGIBLE COSTS
.
433
ARTICLE 8: C UM
ULATION.
434
ARTICLE 9: PUBLICATION AND INFORM
ATION.
436
CHAPTER II M O
NITORING.
437
ARTICLE 10: WITHDRAWAL OF THE BENEFIT OF THE BLOCK EXEM
PTION.
437
ARTICLE 11: R
EPORTING.
439
ARTICLE 12: M
ONITORING.
439
CHAPTER III SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF A ID
.
440
SECTION 1 REGIONAL AID
.
440
SUBSECTION A REGIONAL INVESTMENT AND OPERATING A I D
.
440
ARTICLE 13: SCOPE OF REGIONAL AID
.
440
ARTICLE 14: REGIONAL INVESTMENT A ID
.
441
ARTICLE 15: REGIONAL OPERATING A I D
.
443
SUBSECTION B URBAN DEVELOPMENT A I D
.
444
ARTICLE 16: REGIONAL URBAN DEVELOPMENT A ID
.
444
A. INTRODUCTION
.
446
I. RATIONALE AND PURPOSE OF REGIONAL A ID
.
447
II.
JUSTIFICATION.
448
1. COMPENSATION FOR REGIONAL
HANDICAPS.
448
2. INCENTIVE
EFFECT.
449
3. LEGAL FRAM
EWORK.
449
III. REGIONAL AID AND EUROPEAN REGIONAL P O LIC Y
.
449
B. GUIDELINES ON REGIONAL STATE AID FOR 2014-2020
.
451
C. PRE SYNOPSES OF GENERAL BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES ON
REGIONAL STATE AID . 473
D. SYNOPSIS OF THE GENERAL BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATION 2008 AND 2014
.
474
I. GBER I TO GBER I I
.
474
II. GBER II TO GBER I
.
482
E. SYNOPSIS OF GUIDELINES ON REGIONAL STATE AID FOR 2007 AND
2014. 493
I. RAG 2007 TO RAG 2014
.
493
II. RAG 2014 TO RAG 2014
.
504
F. COMMENTARY ON ARTICLES 13 AND 14 OF REGULATION 800/2008 (GBER I )
. 532
ARTICLE 13: REGIONAL INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT A ID
.
532
ARTICLE 14: AID FOR NEWLY CREATED SMALL
ENTERPRISES.
533
A. INTRODUCTION
.
539
I. RATIONALE AND PURPOSE OF REGIONAL A ID
.
539
II. STATE AID
JUSTIFICATION.
540
1. COMPENSATION FOR REGIONAL
HANDICAPS.
540
2. INCENTIVE
EFFECTS.
541
3. RELEVANT LEGISLATIVE ACTS
.
541
III. GENESIS
.
541
1. SUPPORT FOR COORDINATION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION ADDRESSED TO THE
MEMBER STATES . 542
2. SECTORIAL LEGISLATION ON THE SPECIFICATION OF TREATY PROVISIONS
. 543
3. STATE AID ACTION P LA N
.
547
B. REGIONAL AID AND EUROPEAN REGIONAL P O LIC Y
.
549
C. THE LEGAL ACTS OF REGIONAL STATE AID LA W
.
551
I. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GBER I AND RAG 2007
.
551
1. SYNOPSIS OF ARTICLES 12-14 GBER I AND THE CORRESPONDING PROVISIONS OF
THE RAG 2007
.
552
2. INTERDEPENDENCE OF GBER I AND RAG 2007
.
554
3. THE RAG 2007 CONTAIN THE LEGAL BASIS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE GBER
I
.
554
II. REGIONAL AIDS ACCORDING TO THE GBER I WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE
REGIONAL GUIDELINES 2007-2013 554
1. PREFACE
.
555
2. TERRITORIAL SCOPE - THE NATIONAL REGIONAL AID MAPS
.
556
3. THE MATERIAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
576
D. THE INCENTIVE
EFFECT.
585
I. T E RM
.
585
II. CONDENSED OVERVIEW
.
586
1. BASIC GENERAL RU LE
S.
586
III. IN DETAIL
.
588
1. THE INCENTIVE EFFECT AS PART OF THE AID GRANTING BASED ON DISCRETION
OF THE GRANTING AUTHORITY
(WITHOUT A PREMATURE START OF THE PROJECT OR ACTIVITY)
.
.
.
588
2. THE INCENTIVE EFFECT IN CASE OF AID GRANTED AT THE DISCRETION OF THE
AUTHORITIES AFTER THE START OF
THE PROJECT (START OF THE PROJECT BEFORE AUTHORIZATION, PREMATURE START
OF THE MEASURE WITHOUT
IMPACTING ITS ELIGIBILITY FOR A ID )
.
598
3. THE INCENTIVE EFFECT IN THE CONTEXT OF AN APPROVED OR EXEMPT AID
SCHEME WITH NO
DISCRETIONARY P O W E
R.
604
4. THE INCENTIVE EFFECT IN CASE OF A CHANGE IN THE LEGAL B A
SIS. 606
5. SUMMARY PRINCIPLES
.
607
E. THE BENEFICIARIES* OWN C O N TRIB U TIO N
.
608
F. LOCK-IN PERIODS
.
609
I. LOCK-IN PERIODS ACCORDING TO THE RAG 2007
.
609
II. THE LOCK-IN PERIODS ACCORDING TO THE RRIA AND GBER I
.
609
III. ADDITIONAL
PROVISIONS.
610
G. AID
INTENSITIES.
610
H. ELIGIBLE AID
.
613
I. SUMMARY ON ELIGIBLE A ID
.
613
1. REGIONAL INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT A ID
.
613
2. REGIONAL OPERATING A ID
.
613
3. REGIONAL AID FOR NEWLY CREATED SMALL ENTERPRISES
.
613
II. REGIONAL INVESTMENT AND EMPLOYMENT AID
.
614
1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
.
614
2. ELIGIBLE INVESTM
ENTS.
614
3. ELIGIBLE INVESTMENT PURPOSES
.
622
4. APPROPRIATE FORMS OF
ASSISTANCE.
626
5. AID FOR LARGE INVESTMENT
PROJECTS.
627
III. OPERATING A I D
.
676
1. TERMINOLOGY
.
676
2.
EFFECTS.
677
3. EXCEPTIONS AND PERM
ISSIONS.
677
4. ABOUT REGIONAL OPERATING AID IN
DETAIL.
678
5. DURATION AND REPORTING
.
685
IV. RULES ON THE CUMULATION OF A ID
.
686
1. GENERAL REM
ARKS.
686
2. CUMULATION PROVISIONS IN RAG 2007
.
686
3. PROVISIONS ON CUMULATION AND BLOCK EXEMPTION
REGULATIONS. 689
J. ENTRY INTO FORCE, IMPLEMENTATION, TRANSPARENCY AND VERIFICATION
. 690
I. GENERAL REM
ARKS.
690
II. TIMELY
VALIDITY.
690
III. APPROVED REGIONAL MAP AS A REQUIREMENT FOR THE APPLICATION
.
691
IV. NOTIFICATION REQUIREM
ENTS.
691
V. APPROPRIATE MEASURES
.
691
VI. BOUNDARY TO AID FOR ENVIRONMENT AND TRAINING
.
693
VII. BOUNDARY TO AID FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPM ENT
.
693
VIII.
TRANSPARENCY.
694
IX. DURATION OF
VALIDITY.
695
SECTION 2 AID TO SMES
.
695
ARTICLE 17: INVESTMENT AID TO SM
ES.
695
I.
PURPOSE.
696
II. FACTUAL
BACKGROUND.
697
III. HISTORY
.
697
IV. S
COPE.
697
V. AIDS FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED
ENTERPRISES.
698
1. DEFINITION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES (SM
E). 698
2. A UTONOM
Y.
699
3. PREPARATION OF THE UNDERTAKING*S ACCOUNTS
.
701
4. AID INTENSITY AND COSTS ELIGIBLE FOR AID
.
701
5. MARKETING AND PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
.
702
6. INCENTIVE
EFFECT.
703
ARTICLE 18: AID FOR CONSULTANCY IN FAVOUR OF SMES
.
703
ARTICLE 19: AID TO SMES FOR PARTICIPATION IN FA IRS
.
703
ARTICLE 20: AID FOR COOPERATION COSTS INCURRED BY SMES PARTICIPATING IN
EUROPEAN TERRITORIAL
COOPERATION PROJECTS
.
703
SECTION 3 AID FOR ACCESS TO FINANCE FOR SMES
.
705
ARTICLE 21: RISK FINANCE A ID
.
705
ARTICLE 22: AID FOR
START-UPS.
708
ARTICLE 23: AID TO ALTERNATIVE TRADING PLATFORMS SPECIALISED IN SMES
. 709
ARTICLE 24: AID FOR SCOUTING C O
STS.
709
I.
INTRODUCTION.
711
1. STATE AID RULES FOR RISK FINANCE
.
711
2. REVISED STATE AID RULES FOR RISK
FINANCE.
713
II. BLOCK-EXEMPTED RISK FINANCE A I D
. 716
1. DEFINITIONS
.
716
2. RISK FINANCE AID (ART. 2 1
).
717
3. SME-AID WITH RISK FINANCE ELEMENTS: AID FOR START-UPS (ART. 22), AID
FOR ALTERNATIVE TRADING
PLATFORMS (ART. 23) AND AID FOR SCOUTING COSTS (ART. 2 4 )
.
727
III. GUIDELINES ON STATE AID TO PROMOTE RISK FINANCE INVESTM
ENTS. 729
1. SCOPE, DEFINITIONS,
APPLICABILITY.
730
2. APPLICABILITY OF ARTICLE 107(1) TFEU IN THE FIELD OF RISK CAPITAL.
THE MARKET ECONOMY
OPERATOR TEST IN THE AREA OF PUBLIC RISK FINANCE MEASURES (SECTION 2.1)
. 732
3. COMPATIBILITY ASSESSMENT OF RISK FINANCE AID UNDER THE GUIDELINES,
BASED ON ART. 107 (3) (C)
TFEU (CHAPTER 3)
.
740
IV. TRANSPARENCY, CUMULATION OF AID, APPROPRIATE MEASURES, REPORTING AND
M ONITORING
.
751
1. CUMULATION OF AID (ART. 8 GBER; SECTION 3.9 GUIDELINES)
. 751
2.
EVALUATION.
752
3. TRANSPARENCY (PUBLICATION AND INFORMATION), REPORTING AND MONITORING
(ARTICLES 9, 11 AND
12 GBER; SECTIONS 3.8 AND 5.4 GUIDELINES)
.
753
4. THE GUIDELINES: APPROPRIATE MEASURES, REVISION (SECTIONS 5.3, 5 .5
). 753
V. CONCLUSIONS
.
754
SECTION 4 AID FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT AND IN N O V ATIO N
. 754
ARTICLE 25: AID FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
.
754
ARTICLE 26: INVESTMENT AID FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES
.
755
ARTICLE 27: AID FOR INNOVATION CLUSTERS
.
756
ARTICLE 28: INNOVATION AID FOR SM
ES.
757
ARTICLE 29: AID FOR PROCESS AND ORGANISATIONAL INNOVATION
.
757
ARTICLE 30: AID FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE FISHERY AND
AQUACULTURE SECTOR
.
757
I.
INTRODUCTION.
759
1. STATE AID RULES FOR RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATION (R&D&I)
.
759
2. REVISED STATE AID RULES FOR
R&D&I.
763
II. BLOCK-EXEMPTED
R&D&I-AID.
765
1. AID FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS (ART. 25 GBER)
.
765
2. INVESTMENT AID FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE - A NEW OBJECTIVE IN
R&D&I-AID RULES (ART. 26
GBER)
.
768
3. INVESTMENT AID AND OPERATING AID FOR INNOVATION CLUSTERS (ART. 27
GBER)
.
769
4. INNOVATION AID FOR SMES (ART. 28 GBER)
.
770
5. AID FOR PROCESS AND ORGANISATIONAL INNOVATION (ART. 29 GBER)
.
771
6. START-UP AID FOR SMALL AND INNOVATIVE ENTERPRISES (ART. 22 (5) GBER)
. 772
7. SPECIFIC RULES FOR THE AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES SECTOR: ART. 30
GBER; THE AGRICULTURAL BLOCK
EXEMPTION REGULATION. R&D-AID IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR
.
773
8. BLOCK-EXEMPTION OF LARGE R&D&I-AID SCHEMES
.
775
III. PRESENCE OF STATE A ID
.
775
1. PUBLIC FINANCING FOR RESEARCH ORGANISATIONS AND RESEARCH
INFRASTRUCTURE (FRAMEWORK
SECTION 2.1)
.
776
2. INDIRECT STATE AID TO UNDERTAKINGS THROUGH PUBLIC FUNDED RESEARCH AND
KNOWLEDGE
DISSEMINATION ORGANISATIONS AND RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURES (SECTION 2.2
FRAMEWORK)
.
780
3. STATE AID THROUGH PUBLIC PROCUREMENT OF R&D-SERVICES (FRAMEWORK
SECTION 2 .3 )
.
782
IV. INDIVIDUAL ASSESSMENT OF
R&D&I-AID.
783
1. COMMON ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES*
.
784
2. COMPATIBILITY CONDITIONS
.
785
3. EVALUATION OF LARGE R&D&I-AID SCHEMES (FRAMEWORK CHAPTER 5 )
. 795
V. CUMULATION OF AID;
TRANSPARENCY.
796
1. CUMULATION OF STATE AID (ART. 8 GBER; FRAMEWORK POINT
4.5.4.1).
.
. 796
2. TRANSPARENCY - REPORTING, PUBLICATION AND INFORMATION (ART. 9, 11 AND
12 OF THE GBER;
FRAMEWORK SECTION 4.7 AND CHAPTER 6)
.
796
VI. CONCLUSIONS
.
797
SECTION 5 TRAINING A ID
.
797
ARTICLE 31: TRAINING AID
.
797
I.
PURPOSE.
798
II.
BACKGROUND.
799
III. HISTORY
.
799
IV. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
800
1. SUBSTANTIVE SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
800
2. TEMPORAL SCOPE OF
APPLICATION.
801
V. THE PRECONDITIONS FOR EXEMPTION IN D E TA
IL.
801
1. THE EXISTENCE OF STATE AID
.
801
2. AID INTENSITY
.
801
3. INCENTIVE
EFFECT.
803
4. LEGAL
CONSEQUENCE.
805
VI. TRAINING MEASURES NOT COVERED BY THE
GBER.
805
SECTION 6 AID FOR DISADVANTAGED WORKERS AND FOR WORKERS WITH
DISABILITIES
.
805
PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS ON ARTICLES 32 ET
SEQ.
805
I. PURPOSE
.
805
II.
BACKGROUND.
806
III. HISTORY
.
806
IV. S
COPE.
807
ARTICLE 32: AID FOR THE RECRUITMENT OF DISADVANTAGED WORKERS IN THE FORM
OF WAGE SUBSIDIES. 808
I. DISADVANTAGED W
ORKERS.
808
II. AID INTENSITY AND COSTS SUSCEPTIBLE FOR AID
.
809
III. NET GAIN IN EM PLOYM
ENT.
809
IV. WORKER*S CLAIM TO PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT (SUBSECTION 4 )
.
809
V. AID NOT COVERED BY THE ARTICLE 32 EXEM
PTION.
810
ARTICLE 33: AID FOR THE EMPLOYMENT OF WORKERS WITH DISABILITIES IN THE
FORM OF WAGE SUBSIDIES
.
810
I. DISABLED W
ORKERS.
811
II. AID INTENSITY AND COSTS SUSCEPTIBLE FOR AID
.
811
III. NET GAIN IN EM PLOYM
ENT.
811
IV. WORKER*S CLAIM TO PERMANENT
OCCUPATION.
811
V. AID NOT COVERED BY THE ARTICLE 33 EXEM
PTION.
812
VI. EXEMPTION FOR CUMULATION UNDER ARTICLE 8(6)
.
812
ARTICLE 34: AID FOR COMPENSATING THE ADDITIONAL COSTS OF EMPLOYING
WORKERS WITH DISABILITIES
.
812
ARTICLE 35: AID FOR COMPENSATING THE COSTS OF ASSISTANCE PROVIDED TO
DISADVANTAGED W ORKERS. 814
SECTION 7 AID FOR ENVIRONMENTAL P RO TECTIO N
.
815
ARTICLE 36: INVESTMENT AID ENABLING UNDERTAKINGS TO GO BEYOND UNION
STANDARDS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION OR TO INCREASE THE LEVEL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN THE
ABSENCE OF UNION
STANDARDS.
815
ARTICLE 37: INVESTMENT AID FOR EARLY ADAPTATION TO FUTURE UNION
STANDARDS. 815
ARTICLE 38: INVESTMENT AID FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY M
EASURES.
816
ARTICLE 39: INVESTMENT AID FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY PROJECTS IN
BUILDINGS. 817
ARTICLE 40: INVESTMENT AID FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY COGENERATION
. 818
ARTICLE 41: INVESTMENT AID FOR THE PROMOTION OF ENERGY FROM RENEWABLE
SOURCES
.
819
ARTICLE 42: OPERATING AID FOR THE PROMOTION OF ELECTRICITY FROM
RENEWABLE SOURCES
.
820
ARTICLE 43: OPERATING AID FOR THE PROMOTION OF ENERGY FROM RENEWABLE
SOURCES IN SMALL SCALE
INSTALLATIONS.
821
ARTICLE 44: AID IN THE FORM OF REDUCTIONS IN ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES UNDER
DIRECTIVE 2003/96/EC
.
822
ARTICLE 45: INVESTMENT AID FOR REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SITES
. 823
ARTICLE 46: INVESTMENT AID FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT DISTRICT HEATING AND
COOLING. 823
ARTICLE 47: INVESTMENT AID FOR WASTE RECYCLING AND
RE-UTILISATION.
824
ARTICLE 48: INVESTMENT AID FOR ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE
.
825
ARTICLE 49: AID FOR ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
.
825
I.
INTRODUCTION.
826
II. AID FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WITHIN THE GBER 2008
.
828
1. COMMON
PROVISIONS.
828
2. SPECIFIC PROVISIONS FOR AID FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
. 829
III. AID FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION WITHIN THE 2014 GBER
.
832
1. COMMON
PROVISIONS.
832
2. SPECIAL
PROVISIONS.
832
IV. 2001 COMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON STATE AID FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION. 835
1.
INTRODUCTION.
835
2. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
836
3. CONTENTS
.
837
4. SPECIAL RULES APPLICABLE TO ENERGY-SAVING M EASURES
.
845
V. 2008 COMMUNITY GUIDELINES ON STATE AID FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
.
846
1. INTRODUCTION
.
846
2. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
848
3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF AID COVERED BY THE 2008
GUIDELINES.
848
VI. 2014 GUIDELINES ON STATE AID FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENERGY
2014-2020 . 860
1.
INTRODUCTION.
860
2. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
860
3. DIFFERENT TYPES OF AID ASSESSED UNDER ARTICLE 107(3) LIT. C TFEU
.
861
SECTION 8 AID TO MAKE GOOD THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY CERTAIN NATURAL
DISASTERS
.
865
ARTICLE 50: AID SCHEMES TO MAKE GOOD THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY CERTAIN
NATURAL DISASTERS
.
865
A. INTRODUCTION
.
866
B. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
866
C. CONDITIONS FOR E XEM
PTION.
866
SECTION 9 SOCIAL AID FOR TRANSPORT FOR RESIDENTS OF REMOTE
REGIONS. 867
ARTICLE 51: SOCIAL AID FOR TRANSPORT FOR RESIDENTS OF REMOTE REGIONS
.
867
SECTION 10 AID FOR BROADBAND INFRASTRUCTURE
.
868
ARTICLE 52: AID FOR BROADBAND
INFRASTRUCTURES.
868
I.
INTRODUCTION.
869
II. EXEMPTION
CRITERIA.
871
III.
EVALUATION.
872
SECTION 11 AID FOR CULTURE AND HERITAGE
CONSERVATION.
873
ARTICLE 53: AID FOR CULTURE AND HERITAGE CONSERVATION
.
873
ARTICLE 54: AID SCHEMES FOR AUDIOVISUAL WORKS
.
875
SECTION 12 AID FOR SPORT AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL RECREATIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURES . 876
ARTICLE 55: AID FOR SPORT AND MULTIFUNCTIONAL RECREATIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURES . 876
SECTION 13 AID FOR LOCAL
INFRASTRUCTURES.
878
ARTICLE 56: INVESTMENT AID FOR LOCAL
INFRASTRUCTURES.
878
CHAPTER IV FINAL
PROVISIONS.
879
ARTICLE 57: REPEAL
.
879
ARTICLE 58: TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
.
880
ANNEX I SME D
EFINITION.
881
ARTICLE 1: ENTERPRISE
.
881
ARTICLE 2: STAFF HEADCOUNT AND FINANCIAL THRESHOLDS DETERMINING
ENTERPRISE CATEGORIES
.
881
ARTICLE 3: TYPES OF ENTERPRISE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION IN CALCULATING
STAFF NUMBERS AND FINANCIAL
A M O U N
TS.
882
ARTICLE 4: DATA USED FOR THE STAFF HEADCOUNT AND THE FINANCIAL AMOUNTS
AND REFERENCE P E RIO D
.
883
ARTICLE 5: STAFF HEADCOUNT
.
883
ARTICLE 6: ESTABLISHING THE DATA OF AN ENTERPRISE
.
884
PART V RESCUE AND RESTRUCTURING AID
.
887
A. INTRODUCTION
.
887
B. COMMON RULES
.
892
I. OVERARCHING REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH THE INTERNAL MARKET
.
892
1. CONTRIBUTION TO AN OBJECTIVE OF COMMON IN
TEREST.
893
2. NEED FOR STATE
INTERVENTION.
894
3. APPROPRIATENESS OF THE A ID
.
894
4. INCENTIVE
EFFECT.
894
5. PROPORTIONALITY - LIMITING THE AID TO THE MINIMUM
.
895
6. NEGATIVE EFFECTS
.
895
7. TRANSPARENCY
.
895
II. DEFINITION OF A *FIRM IN DIFFICULTIES*
.
896
1. GENERAL
PRINCIPLE.
898
2. COMPANIES FORMING PART OF A G RO U P
.
904
3. MASTERING THE DIFFICULTIES BY MEANS OF OWN
RESOURCES.
911
III. SPECIAL PROVISIONS UNDER THE *TEMPORARY FRAMEWORK
FOR THE REAL ECONOMY*
.
911
1. MEASURES UNDER THE COMMISSION *TEMPORARY FRAMEWORK*
.
911
2. NO *FIRM IN DIFFICULTY* ON 1 JULY 2008
.
913
IV. SCOPE OF THE GUIDELINES AND OF SPECIAL RU
LES.
915
V. THE *ONE TIME, LAST TIME* PRINCIPLE
.
916
C. RESCUE A I D
.
921
I.
PRECONDITIONS.
925
1. FIRM IN
DIFFICULTY.
925
2. CASH AID TO AVOID SOCIAL HARDSHIP
.
925
3. NO UNDUE ADVERSE SPILL-OVER
EFFECTS.
927
4. TIME LIM
IT.
928
5. LIMITATION OF THE AMOUNT
.
930
II. POSSIBLE FORMS OF RESCUE AID
.
931
1. LOANS AND
GUARANTEES.
931
2. INTEREST RATES AND FEES FOR GUARANTEES
.
931
III. REIMBURSEMENT OF RESCUE AID OR TRANSFORMING INTO RESTRUCTURING A ID
. 932
D. RESTRUCTURING A I D
.
933
I. RETURN TO LONG-TERM
VIABILITY.
933
1. COHERENT RESTRUCTURING PLAN
.
933
2. RETURN TO VIABILITY WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME P E RIO D
. 940
II. AVOIDING UNDUE DISTORTIONS OF COM PETITION
.
941
1. LIMITING THE AID TO THE MINIMUM/OWN
CONTRIBUTION.
941
2. MEASURES TO LIMIT DISTORTIONS OF COMPETITION (PREVIOUSLY CALLED
*COMPENSATORY MEASURES*) . 948
3. IMPLEMENTING THE RESTRUCTURING PLAN AND COMPLYING WITH CONDITIONS
.
959
4. HIVE-OFF
VEHICLES.
964
E. SPECIAL RULES FOR SME AND SGEI
.
969
I. R&R SCHEMES FOR SM
E.
969
II. TEMPORARY RESTRUCTURING SUPPORT
.
970
III. RESTRUCTURING OF UNDERTAKINGS ENTRUSTED WITH A SG
EI.
971
F. NOTIFICATION AND REPORTING D U TIE S
.
971
I. DUTY TO N O TIFY
.
971
II. ACCELERATED
PROCEDURE.
973
III. IMPLEMENTATION AND AMENDMENTS TO THE RESTRUCTURING P LA N
. 973
IV. REPORTING TO THE COM M
ISSION.
973
PART VI FINANCIAL TRANSFERS AND
TRANSACTIONS.
977
A. STATE CAPITAL IN JECTIO N
S.
980
I.
INTRODUCTION.
980
II. THE MARKET ECONOMY INVESTOR PRINCIPLE
.
981
1. GENERAL
PRINCIPLES.
981
2. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
982
3. ADEQUATE AND MARKET-CUSTOMARY REM
UNERATION.
985
4. TIME AND CRITERIA OF EVALUATION
.
992
III. THE COMMISSION*S SCOPE OF CONTROL OF INVESTMENT DECISIONS BY THE S
TA TE
.
993
IV. SCOPE OF JUDICIAL CONTROL OF COMMISSION*S DECISIONS
. 993
B. FINANCIAL TRANSFERS TO PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS - TRANSPARENCY D IRECTIVE
.
994
1. PUBLIC U
NDERTAKINGS.
994
2. FINANCIAL T
RANSFERS.
995
3. PUBLIC UNDERTAKINGS AND EU STATE AID L AW
.
997
4. TRANSPARENCY
DIRECTIVE.
1003
C.
PRIVATISATION.
1008
I. G
ENERAL.
1008
II. LEGAL FRAMEWORK
.
1010
1. XXIIIRD COMPETITION POLICY REPORT OF THE COMMISSION (PRIVATISATION
GUIDELINES)
.
1010
2. THE COMMISSION*S LAND SALES COM
MUNICATION.
1011
3. THE COMMISSION*S GUIDANCE PAPER
.
1011
III. ABSENCE/PRESENCE OF A I D
.
1011
1. STOCK EXCHANGE SALE
.
1012
2. TENDER
PROCEDURE.
1012
3. EXPERT OPINIONS TO DETERMINE MARKET
VALUE.
1025
4. PRESUMPTION OF STATE AID IF THE PURCHASE TERMS ARE NOT MARKET TE RM S
.
1028
5. (PARTIAL) COMPENSATION OF COSTS ARISING FROM STRUCTURAL DISADVANTAGES
OF (FORMERLY) STATE
OWNED UNDERTAKINGS
.
1034
IV. APPROVAL OF STATE AID IN CONNECTION WITH PRIVATISATIONS
. 1038
V. RECOVERY OF UNLAWFUL A I D
.
1039
1. CALCULATION OF THE AMOUNT OF UNLAWFUL STATE A ID
.
1040
2. DETERMINING THE AID BENEFICIARY/THE RECOVERY D E B TO
R. 1041
3. STATE AID AND WARRANTY CLAUSES/4REPS AND WARRANTIES*
. 1043
D. STATE G
UARANTEES.
1044
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1045
II. NOTICE ON GUARANTEES
(2008).
1046
1.
BACKGROUND.
1046
2. LEGAL NATURE AND TEMPORAL SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
.
1047
3. FORMS OF GUARANTEES CAUGHT BY THE NOTICE
.
1047
4. EXISTENCE OF AID WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE 107(1) T F E U
. 1050
5. QUANTIFICATION OF THE AID ELEMENT
.
1059
6. COMPATIBILITY WITH THE INTERNAL MARKET OF STATE AID IN THE FORM OF
GUARANTEES
.
1061
III. NOTICE ON THE NOTION OF STATE AID WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE
107(1) TFE U . 1062
IV. SPECIAL RULES
.
1063
1. SPECIAL RULES WHICH ARE UNRELATED TO THE FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC
CRISIS. 1063
2. SPECIAL RULES IN THE ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL C
RISIS.
1064
V. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE UNLAWFULNESS OF THE GUARANTEE IN THE
TRIPARTITE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
GUARANTOR, BORROWER AND LE N D E
R.
1066
1. AID TO THE BORROWER
.
1068
2. AID TO THE LE N D E
R.
1070
3. RESIDEX
.
1070
E. PUBLIC REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS
.
1072
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1072
II. LAND SALE COMMUNICATION OF THE COMMISSION
.
1074
1.
INTRODUCTION.
1074
2. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
1075
3. EXCLUSION OF STATE AID ELEM
ENTS.
1077
4. POTENTIAL DISTORTION OF COMPETITION AND TRA D E
.
1086
5. NOTIFICATION OBLIGATION AND RISK OF VOIDNESS
.
1086
6. CRITERIA OF
AUTHORIZATION.
1088
III. NOTICE ON THE NOTION OF STATE AID PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 107(1) T F E
U
.
1088
IV. STATE AID ASSESSMENT OF REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS OUTSIDE OF THE LAND
SALE COM M UNICATION
.
1089
V. STATE AID BY TAX
BENEFITS.
1091
VI. PROPERTY AID IN THE E E A
.
1091
F. EXPORT A ID
.
1091
I. INTRODUCTION, DEFINITIONS, FIELD OF APPLICATION
.
1092
1. BACKGROUND AND P U RP O
SE.
1092
2. FORMS, HERMES CO V
ER.
1092
3. DEFINITIONS
.
1094
4. SYSTEM
.
1095
II. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STATE AID LAW AND EU FOREIGN TRADE
POLICY. 1096
1. FOREIGN TRADE LAW AND EXPORT A I D
.
1096
2. AID FOR INTRA-UNION EXPORTS AND EXPORTS OUTSIDE THE U N IO N
. 1098
III. R
ULES.
1099
1. UNTIL 2012: 1997 COMMUNICATION ON SHORT-TERM EXPORT-CREDIT INSURANCE
.
1099
2. SINCE 2013: THE 2012 COMMUNICATION ON THE APPLICATION OF STATE AID
LAW TO SHORT-TERM
EXPORT-CREDIT INSURANCES
.
1101
3. EXPORT AID IN GUIDELINES AND
BERS.
1102
IV. EXPORT AID AND THE CONCEPT OF AID WITHIN THE MEANING OF ARTICLE
107(1) TFEU
.
1104
1. A
DVANTAGE.
1104
2.
SELECTIVITY.
1104
3. DISTORTION OF COMPETITION AND EFFECT ON TRADE
.
1105
V. AUTHORIZATION OF EXPORT A I D
.
1106
1. GENERAL
.
1106
2. AUTHORIZATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 107(3)(C) T FE U
.
1107
VI. OUTLOOK
.
1108
PART VII TAX
MEASURES.
1109
I. GENERAL
.
1112
1. NO EXCEPTION FOR TAX MEASURES FROM THE STATE AID
PROHIBITION. 1112
2. ASSESSMENT PRINCIPLES
.
1114
3. FORMS OF TAX
CONCESSIONS.
1120
4. SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS RELATING TO PARAFISCAL
CHARGES.
1121
II. STATE CHARACTER
.
1123
1. ATTRIBUTION OF TAX MEASURES IN PRINCIPLE
.
1123
2. BUDGETARY EFFECT THRESHOLD FOR SPECIAL BURDENS AND SPARING
SUBSIDIES. 1123
3. GENERAL CAUSATION THRESHOLD OF BUDGETARY
EFFECT.
1124
4. ATTRIBUTION OF PARAFISCAL CHARGES TO THE STATE
.
1126
III. SELECTIVITY
.
1132
1. FOCUS AND CHALLENGES OF SELECTIVITY ASSESSMENT
.
1132
2. ASSESSING THE SELECTIVE CHARACTER OF TAX
PROVISIONS.
1134
IV. ADVANTAGE
.
1150
1. TAX CONCESSIONS
.
1150
2. PARAFISCAL
FINANCING.
1153
V. RECIPIENTS OF AID: UNDERTAKINGS
.
1157
VI. HARMFULNESS: DISTORTION OF COMPETITION, EFFECT ON TRADE AND COM
PATIBILITY
.
1158
VII. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES: SUSPENSION AND REIMBURSEMENT
.
1159
1. G
ENERAL.
1159
2. H YPOTHECATION - EFFECTS OF AN AID-RELEVANT USE OF REVENUE
.
1160
3. EFFECTS OF ASYMMETRICAL BURDENS
.
1161
PART VIII RULES FOR EXAMINING AID IN SPECIFIC SECTORS
.
1163
A. TELECOM M
UNICATIONS.
1170
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1170
II. BROADBAND
.
1172
1. TRADITIONAL BROADBAND NETW
ORKS.
1173
2. NGA NETW
ORKS.
1182
3. AID TO ULTRA-FAST BROADBAND NETWORKS
.
1185
4.
EVALUATION.
1186
III. DIGITAL TELEVISION
.
1187
1. ARTICLE 107(1) TFEU: PRESENCE OF A ID
.
1189
2. ARTICLE 106(2) TFEU: SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC
INTEREST. 1194
3. ARTICLE 107 (2) AND (3) TFEU: COMPATIBILITY WITH THE INTERNAL MARKET
.
1195
4. ASSESSMENT
.
1200
IV. FURTHER DECISIONS IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SE C TO R
.
1201
B. POSTAL
SERVICES.
1202
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1202
II. PRESENCE OF STATE AID UNDER ARTICLE 107(1) TFEU
.
1204
1. PRESENCE OF AN
ADVANTAGE.
1205
2.
SELECTIVITY.
1211
3. AID GRANTED THROUGH STATE RESOURCES
.
1212
4. DISTORTION OF COMPETITION AND EFFECT ON TRADE
.
1214
III. THE RANGE OF EXCEPTIONS OF ARTICLE 106(2) T F E U
.
1214
1. SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC IN TE
REST.
1214
2.
EXCEPTIONS.
1216
IV. COMPATIBILITY WITH THE INTERNAL M ARK E
T.
1217
V. OUTLOOK
.
1218
C. RADIO AND TELEVISION
.
1218
I. OVERVIEW OF THE STATE AID POLICY IN THE BROADCASTING SE C TO
R. 1218
II. APPLICATION OF THE STATE AID RULES IN THE BROADCASTING SECTOR
.
1221
1. CLASSIFICATION AS STATE A ID
.
1221
2. NEW OR EXISTING AID
.
1225
III. COMPATIBILITY WITH THE INTERNAL MARKET (EXEMPTION)
.
1227
1.
OVERVIEW.
1227
2. ARTICLE 106(2) TF E U
.
1227
IV. CONCLUSIONS
.
1235
D. ENERGY AND COAL
.
1236
I. GENERAL REM
ARKS.
1237
II. STATE AID IN FAVOUR OF THE ENERGY GENERATION SECTO
R.
1238
1. EXISTENCE OF STATE A ID
.
1238
2. COM
PATIBILITY.
1249
III. STATE AID IN FAVOUR OF ENERGY CONSUMERS
.
1266
1. STATE AID FOR PRIVATE CONSUM
ERS.
1266
2. STATE AID FOR
UNDERTAKINGS.
1267
IV. EMISSION TRA D IN G
.
1279
1. POTENTIAL STATE AID IN EMISSION TRADING SYSTEMS
.
1279
2. POSSIBLE COM
PATIBILITY.
1281
V. NUCLEAR POW
ER.
1283
VI. C O A
L.
1286
1. GENERAL REM
ARKS.
1286
2. COMPETENCE
.
1287
3. APPLICABLE LA W
.
1287
E. B ANK
ING.
1291
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1291
II. STATE AID CONTROL BEFORE THE FINANCIAL
CRISIS.
1293
1. INSTITUTIONAL LIABILITY AND GUARANTOR
LIABILITY.
1293
2. CAPITAL
INJECTIONS.
1297
3. RESTRUCTURING
CASES.
1301
5. BANCO DI SICILIA AND
SICILCASSA.
1304
6. BANKGESELLSCHAFT BERLIN
.
1305
III. STATE AID CONTROL IN THE FINANCIAL SE C TO
R.
1307
1. THE FINANCIAL CRISIS
.
1307
2. THE NEW LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR STATE AID CO N TRO
L.
1308
3. COMMISSION
DECISIONS.
1322
4.
ASSESSMENT.
1333
F. LAND TRANSPORT (WITH A FOCUS ON ROAD T RA N SP O
RT).
1336
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1337
II. TRANSPORT POLICY AND LIBERALIZATION
.
1338
1. TRANSPORT
POLICY.
1338
2. THE CONCEPT O F *TRANSPORT*
.
1338
3. LIBERALIZATION
.
1339
III. STATE AID
RULES.
1341
1. PRIMARY LAW
.
1342
2. IMPLEMENTATION IN SECONDARY LEGISLATION
.
1349
IV. AID OUTSIDE THE PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT SECTOR
.
1360
1. ROAD TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
.
1360
2. TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
S.
1364
3. AID TO SM
ES.
1364
4. ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION.
1364
5. FREIGHT TRANSPORT BY ROAD
.
1365
6. BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATIONS
.
1366
7. INVESTMENT AID
.
1366
8. OPERATING A I D
.
1367
G. RAIL TRANSPORT
.
1367
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1368
II. TRANSPORT BY RAIL IN E
UROPE.
1369
III. TRANSPORT BY RAIL AND STATE AID RU
LES.
1371
1. ARTICLE 106(2) TFEU AND A LTM
ARK.
1371
2. ARTICLE 93 T F E U
.
1372
3. REGULATION NO 1192/69
.
1376
4. COMPENSATION FOR THE DISCHARGE OF PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS IN THE
PUBLIC PASSENGER
TRANSPORT SECTOR (REGULATION NO
1370/2007).
1376
IV. AID OUTSIDE OF PUBLIC PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION
.
1378
1. RAILWAY INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING (CHAPTER 2 OF THE RAILWAY GUIDELINES)
.
1378
2. AID FOR THE PURCHASE AND RENEWAL OF ROLLING STOCK (CHAPTER 3 OF THE
RAILWAY GUIDELINES) . 1380
3. AID FOR DEBT CANCELLATION (CHAPTER 4 OF THE RAILWAY GUIDELINES)
.
1382
4. AID FOR RESTRUCTURING RAILWAY UNDERTAKINGS - RESTRUCTURING A
*FREIGHT* DIVISION (CHAPTER 5 OF
THE RAILWAY
GUIDELINES).
1382
5. AID FOR TRANSPORT COORDINATION (CHAPTER 6 OF THE RAILWAY GUIDELINES)
. 1383
6. STATE GUARANTEES FOR RAILWAY UNDERTAKINGS (CHAPTER 7 OF THE RAILWAY
GUIDELINES)
.
1386
7. FREIGHT TRANSPORT BY RAIL
.
1386
8. DE MINIMIS REGULATION
.
1387
H. INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT
.
1387
1.
INTRODUCTION.
1387
2. INLAND WATERWAY TRANSPORT AND STATE AID RULES
.
1388
3. CASE-LAW AND DECISION-MAKING
PRACTICE.
1392
I. INTERMODAL TRANSPORT
.
1397
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1397
II. INTERMODAL TRANSPORT AND STATE AID RU LE
S.
1399
1. PUBLIC FINANCING OF INFRASTRUCTURE AND EQUIPMENT WHICH IS NOT CAUGHT
BY ARTICLE 107(1)
T FE U
.
1399
2. REGULATION NO 1191/69
.
1400
3. REGULATION NO 1107/70
.
1401
4. REGULATION 1370/2007 AND DIRECT APPLICATION OF ARTICLE 93 TFEU
. 1402
5. REGULATIONS (EU) NO 733/2013 AND NO 994/98
.
1402
III. DECISION-MAKING PRACTICE
.
1403
1. DECISION-MAKING PRACTICE PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 93 TFEU
. 1403
2. AUTHORIZATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 107(3)(C) T FE U
.
1406
J. MARITIME TRANSPORT
.
1409
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1409
II. GUIDELINES OF THE COMMUNITY FOR STATE AID IN MARITIME TRAN SP O RT
.
1411
1. LEGAL CLASSIFICATION AND ECONOMIC CO N TE X
T.
1411
2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF MARITIME TRANSPORT
GUIDELINES.
1412
3. SCOPE OF THE MARITIME TRANSPORT GUIDELINES
.
1413
4. FLAGGING REQUIREMENTS
.
1414
5. ELIGIBILITY FOR APPROVAL OF CERTAIN AIDS
.
1415
6. COMPENSATION FOR PUBLIC SERVICE OBLIGATIONS
.
1423
7. CEILING
.
1426
III. AID WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE *MARCO POLO* PROGRAM M
E. 1426
IV. AID FOR PORTS AND OTHER MARITIME TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURES.
1428
1. PORT A ID
.
1428
2. AID FOR OTHER MARITIME TRANSPORT
INFRASTRUCTURES.
1432
3. GUIDELINES FOR STATE AID IN THE PORT
SECTOR?.
1432
K. SHIPBUILDING
.
1433
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1433
II. SHIPBUILDING FRAMEWORK
.
1435
1. SCOPE
.
1437
2. DEFINITION OF SHIPBUILDING
.
1437
3. SPECIFIC RULES
.
1438
4. NOTIFICATION REQUIREM
ENTS.
1448
L. AUTOMOTIVE
SECTOR.
1448
M. STEEL
.
1450
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1450
II. THE NOTION OF STEEL IN STATE AID CASES
.
1451
III. RESTRUCTURING A ID
.
1452
1. CLOSURE A ID
.
1453
2. THE GENERAL PROHIBITION OF RESCUE AND RESTRUCTURING A I D
. 1453
3. SPECIAL RESTRUCTURING REGIMES FOR NEW MEMBER
STATES.
1454
4. SPECIAL REGIMES FOR CURRENT AND POTENTIAL CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
. 1460
IV. INVESTMENT AID
.
1462
1. REGIONAL AID
.
1462
2. ENVIRONMENTAL A ID
.
1463
3. CRISIS AID UNDER THE TEMPORARY FRAMEWORK
.
1464
V.
CONCLUSION.
1465
N. H O U SIN G
.
1466
I. STATE AID AND HOUSING DEVELOPMENT.
.
.
1467
1. FUNDAMENTALS AND ECONOMIC
SIGNIFICANCE.
1467
2. SUBSIDY PROGRAMMES
.
1467
3. SUBSIDIZATION OF SOCIAL HOUSING
DEVELOPMENT.
1469
II. THE SUBSIDIZATION OF SOCIAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FROM THE PERSPECTIVE
OF UNION LAW
.
1469
1. SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST AND THE BAN ON STATE A ID
.
1469
2. THE ALTMARK TRANS DECISION OF THE E C
J.
1471
3. SOCIAL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT AS SERVICE OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST
.
1472
4. CONCLUSIONS
.
1489
O. CULTURE/SPORTS/TOURISM
.
1490
1. GENERAL
.
1490
2. THE NOTION OF STATE AID TERM IN THE SECTORS OF CULTURE, SPORTS AND TO
U RISM
.
1491
3. ORIGIN OF ARTICLE 107(3) LIT. D T FE U
.
1493
4. SCOPE OF ARTICLE 107(3) LIT. D T F E U
.
1495
5. C
ULTURE.
1495
6. STATE AIDS FOR THE PROMOTION OF HERITAGE CONSERVATION AND ART 53 GBER
.
1503
7. SPORTS AND ART 55
GBER.
1503
8. T O U RISM
.
1506
9.
PROSPECT.
1507
PART IX ARTICLE 108 T F E U
.
1509
A. PURPOSE OF THE RULE AND SCOPE OF ITS APPLICATION
.
1511
I. G
ENERAL.
1511
II. PROCEDURE BETWEEN THE COMMISSION AND THE MEMBER STATE
. 1513
III. DIFFERENT TYPES OF
PROCEDURE.
1515
B. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION P RO C ED U RE
.
1516
I. PREVENTIVE CONTROL OF NEW OR ALTERED AID
.
1517
1. NOTIFICATION
OBLIGATION.
1517
2. CONTENT AND FORM OF THE
NOTIFICATION.
1519
3. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
.
1520
4. CONCLUSION OF THE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
.
1521
5. SIMPLIFIED PROCEDURE
.
1522
II. PROCEDURE IN CASES OF UNLAWFUL AID AND IN CASES OF MISUSE OF A ID
.
1524
1. UNLAWFUL AID
.
1524
2. MISUSE OF A ID
.
1526
III. EXAMINATIONS OF EXISTING AID SCHEM
ES.
1526
1. ONGOING EXAM
INATIONS.
1526
2. APPROPRIATE M
EASURES.
1528
C. FORMAL INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE
.
1529
I. GENERAL
.
1529
II. OPENING DECISION AND FURTHER PROCEDURES
.
1529
III. REQUESTS FOR INFORM
ATION.
1531
IV. CONCLUSION OF THE FORMAL INVESTIGATION
PROCEDURE.
1532
1. TIMING OF THE FINAL
DECISION.
1532
2. TYPES OF DECISION
.
1533
V. EXCEPTIONAL AUTHORISATION BY THE
COUNCIL.
1534
VI. REFERRAL TO THE ECJ (ARTICLE 108(2) SUBPARA. 2 TFEU)
.
.
1536
D. THE COMMISSION*S INTERNAL P RO C ED U RE
.
1538
E. STANDSTILL C LAU
SE.
1539
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1539
1. PURPOSE OF THE STANDSTILL
OBLIGATION.
1539
2. GRANTING OF A ID
.
1540
II. SCOPE OF APPLICATION
.
1540
1. AID TYPES
.
1540
2. TEMPORAL
SCOPE.
1542
HI. CONSEQUENCES OF A VIOLATION OF THE STANDSTILL OBLIGATION
. 1543
F. COMPETITION COMPLAINTS BEFORE NATIONAL C O U
RTS.
1545
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1545
II. EUROPEAN LAW PRINCIPLES
.
1546
1. DUTY OF NATIONAL COURTS TO PROTECT CONCERNED
PARTIES.
1546
2. CLARIFICATION BY THE CELF CASE LA W
.
1548
III. APPLICATION OF NATIONAL PROCEDURAL RU LE
S.
1550
1. PRINCIPLES
.
1550
2. TYPES OF ACTIONS
.
1551
PART X COUNCIL REGULATION (EC) NO 659/1999
.
1553
PRELIMINARY NOTE TO ARTICLE 1
.
1557
CHAPTER I GENERAL
.
1558
ARTICLE 1: DEFINITIONS
.
1558
I. G
ENERAL.
1559
II. INDIVIDUAL DEFINITIONS
.
1559
1. AID (LIT A)
.
1559
2. EXISTING AID (LIT. B )
.
1560
3. NEW AID (LIT. C)
.
1563
4. AID SCHEMES AND INDIVIDUAL AID (LIT. D AND E )
.
1564
5. UNLAWFUL AID (LIT. F )
.
1565
6. MISUSE OF AID (LIT. G)
.
1566
7. INTERESTED PARTIES (LIT. H)
.
1566
CHAPTER II PROCEDURE REGARDING NOTIFIED A ID
.
1567
ARTICLE 2: NOTIFICATION OF NEW A ID
.
1567
I. G
ENERAL.
1567
II. NOTIFIABLE AID
.
1567
1. PROPOSALS FOR THE GRANTING OF NEW AID
.
1567
2. NOT STIPULATED OTHERW
ISE.
1568
III. TIMELY
NOTIFICATION.
1568
IV. COMPLETE
NOTIFICATION.
1568
ARTICLE 3: STANDSTILL
CLAUSE.
1569
ARTICLE 4: PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE NOTIFICATION AND DECISIONS OF
THE C OM M ISSION
.
1569
I. G
ENERAL.
1570
II. SCOPE OF THE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
.
1570
III. CONCLUSION OF THE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
.
1571
1. NON-AID
DECISION.
1571
2. DECISION NOT TO RAISE
OBJECTIONS.
1571
3. DECISION TO INITIATE THE FORMAL INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE
. 1571
IV. TIME LIMITS FOR
DECISIONS.
1572
ARTICLE 5: REQUEST FOR INFORMATION MADE TO THE NOTIFYING MEMBER S TA TE
.
1573
I. G
ENERAL.
1574
II. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
.
1574
III. REMINDER WITH ADDITIONAL TIME LIMIT FOR PROVIDING INFORMATION
. 1574
IV. ASSUMPTION OF REVOCATION OF THE
NOTIFICATION.
1574
V. DECLARATION OF COMPLETENESS OF THE NOTIFICATION
.
1575
ARTICLE 6: FORMAL INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE
.
1575
I. G
ENERAL.
1576
II. CONTENT OF THE OPENING
DECISION.
1576
III. STATEMENTS
.
1577
1. TIME LIMIT FOR STATEM
ENT.
1577
2. SUBMISSION OF THE STATEMENTS TO THE MEMBER STATE
.
1577
3. CONSIDERATION OF THE STATEMENTS
.
1578
ARTICLE 6A: REQUEST FOR INFORMATION MADE TO OTHER
SOURCES.
1578
ARTICLE 6B: FINES AND PERIODIC PENALTY PAYMENTS
.
1579
ARTICLE 7: DECISIONS OF THE COMMISSION TO CLOSE THE FORMAL INVESTIGATION
PROCEDURE
.
1581
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1583
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1583
III. DETAILS
.
1583
1. COMPLETION OF THE FORMAL INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE BY DECISION
.
1583
2. MEMBER STATES* RIGHT TO COMMENT ON MARKET INFORM
ATION. 1586
3. IMPLEMENTATION OF DECISIONS PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 7
.
1586
4. INFRINGEMENT AGAINST A CONDITION OR OBLIGATION
.
1588
5. DURATION OF THE FORMAL
PROCEEDINGS.
1588
ARTICLE 8: WITHDRAWAL OF NOTIFICATION
.
1589
1. WITHDRAWAL OF
NOTIFICATION.
1589
2. CLOSURE OF THE FORMAL INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE
.
1590
ARTICLE 9: REVOCATION OF A
DECISION.
1590
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1590
II. DETAILS
.
1591
1. REVOCATION OF A
DECISION.
1591
2. INCORRECT INFORM
ATION.
1591
3. OPPORTUNITY TO SUBMIT COM M
ENTS.
1591
4. OPENING OF THE FORMAL INVESTIGATION PROCEDURE
.
1591
5. OTHER CASES OF THE REVOCATION OF A DECISION
.
1592
CHAPTER III PROCEDURE REGARDING UNLAWFUL A ID
. 1592
ARTICLE 10: EXAMINATION, REQUEST FOR INFORMATION AND INFORMATION
INJUNCTION
.
1592
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1593
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1593
III. DETAILS
.
1593
1. OBLIGATION TO EXAM
INE.
1593
2. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION TO THE MEMBER STATE CONCERNED
. 1594
3. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION TO THIRD P
ARTIES.
1594
4. INFORMATION
INJUNCTION.
1594
5. LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF AN INFRINGEMENT OF THE INFORMATION
INJUNCTION. 1594
ARTICLE 11: INJUNCTION TO SUSPEND OR PROVISIONALLY RECOVER A I D
. 1595
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1595
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1596
III. DETAILS
.
1596
1. SUSPENSION INJUNCTION
.
1596
2. RECOVERY
INJUNCTION.
1596
ARTICLE 12: NON-COMPLIANCE WITH AN INJUNCTION DECISION
.
1597
1. NON-COMPLIANCE WITH AN INJUNCTION
.
.
.
1597
2. REFERRAL OF THE MATTER TO THE COURT OF JUSTICE
.
1597
ARTICLE 13: DECISIONS OF THE COMMISSION
.
1598
1. DECISIONS OF THE COMMISSION ON UNLAWFUL AID
.
1598
2. NO TIME-LIMITS FOR UNLAWFUL AID
.
1599
ARTICLE 14: RECOVERY OF A ID
.
1599
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1600
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1601
III. DETAILS
.
1601
1.
TWO-STEP-PROCEDURE.
1601
2. RECOVERY
DECISION.
1602
3. CONTRARY TO A GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNITY L A W
.
1605
4. RECOVERY
INTERESTS.
1608
5. RECOVERY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROCEDURES UNDER NATIONAL LAW OF THE
MEMBER STATE
CONCERNED
.
1609
6. PRACTICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF THE RECOVERY
.
1612
ARTICLE 15: LIMITATION PERIOD FOR THE RECOVERY OF AID
.
1613
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1613
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1614
III. DETAILS
.
1614
1. DEADLINE FOR
RECOVERY.
1614
2. INTERRUPTION OF THE
DEADLINE.
1614
3. EXISTING AID AFTER
PRESCRIPTION.
1614
4. APPLICATION ON OLD
CASES.
1615
ARTICLA 15A: LIMITATION PERIOD FOR THE IMPOSITION OF FINES AND PERIODIC
PENALTY PAYM ENTS
.
1615
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1615
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1616
III. DETAILS
.
1616
1. LIMITATION PERIOD
.
1616
2. INTERRUPTION OF THE LIMITATION PERIO D
.
1616
ARTICLE 15B: LIMITATION PERIODS FOR THE ENFORCEMENT OF FINES AND
PERIODIC PENALTY PAYM ENTS. 1616
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1617
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1617
III. DETAILS
.
1617
1. LIMITATION PERIOD
.
1617
2. INTERRUPTION OF THE LIMITATION P
ERIOD.
1617
CHAPTER IV PROCEDURE REGARDING MISUSE OF A I D
. 1618
ARTICLE 16: MISUSE OF A ID
.
1618
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1618
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1618
III. DETAILS
.
1619
1. MISUSE OF AID
.
1619
2. APPLICABLE PROVISIONS
.
1619
3. W ITHOUT PREJUDICE TO ARTICLE 23
.
1619
CHAPTER V PROCEDURE REGARDING EXISTING AID
SCHEMES. 1619
ARTICLE 17: COOPERATION PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 93(1) OF THE TREATY
. 1619
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1620
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1620
III. DETAILS
.
1620
1. ON-GOING MONITORING OF EXISTING AID SCHEM
ES.
1620
2. REQUEST FOR INFORMATION BY THE COM MISSION
.
1621
3. PRELIMINARY VIEW ON COM
PATIBILITY.
1621
ARTICLE 18: PROPOSAL FOR APPROPRIATE M
EASURES.
1622
1. VIEW ON THE COMPATIBILITY WITH THE INTERNAL M A RK E
T.
1622
2. PROPOSAL OF APPROPRIATE M
EASURES.
1622
ARTICLE 19: LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF A PROPOSAL FOR APPROPRIATE M EASURES
.
1622
1. ACCEPTANCE OF THE PROPOSED M
EASURES.
1623
2. REJECTION OF THE PROPOSED M
EASURES.
1623
3. COUNTER PROPOSAL OF THE MEMBER STATE
.
1623
CHAPTER VI INTERESTED PARTIES
.
1623
ARTICLE 20: RIGHTS OF INTERESTED PARTIES
.
1623
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1624
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1624
III. DETAILS
.
1625
1. LIMITED PROCEDURAL RIGHTS OF INTERESTED PARTIES
.
1625
2. RIGHT TO SUBMIT COMMENTS
.
. 1625
3. RIGHT TO REPORT AN INFRINGEMENT AGAINST STATE AID LA W
.
1625
4. RIGHT TO REQUEST A COPY OF THE DECISION
.
1627
5. ACCESS TO DOCUMENTS PURSUANT TO REGULATION 1049/2001
. 1628
CHAPTER VIA INVESTIGATIONS INTO SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY AND INTO AID
INSTRUMENTS.
1628
ARTICLE 20A: INVESTIGATIONS INTO SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY AND INTO AID
INSTRUMENTS
.
1628
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1629
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1629
III. DETAILS
.
1630
1. LEGAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ARTICLE
20A-INQUIRIES.
1630
2. INVESTIGATIVE TO O
LS.
1630
3. PUBLICATION OF A REPORT
.
1630
4. USE IN FURTHER STATE AID PROCEEDINGS
.
1630
CHAPTER VII M
ONITORING.
1631
ARTICLE 21: ANNUAL REPORTS
.
1631
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1631
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1631
III. DETAILS
.
1632
1. FORM AND CONTENT OF ANNUAL RE P O
RTS.
1632
2. TRANSMISSION AND PUBLICATION OF THE ANNUAL RE P O
RT.
1632
3. LEGAL STATUS OF ANNUAL REP O
RTS.
1633
ARTICLE 22: ON-SITE M
ONITORING.
1633
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1634
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1634
III. DETAILS
.
1634
1. SERIOUS DOUBTS WITH REGARD TO COMPLIANCE WITH A
DECISION. 1634
2. OPPORTUNITY TO SUBMIT COM M
ENTS.
1635
3. SHALL ALLOW ON-SITE M
ONITORING.
1636
4. MONITORING POWERS OF THE COM M
ISSION.
1636
5. CARRYING OUT OF AN ON-SITE
INSPECTION.
1636
ARTICLE 23: NON-COMPLIANCE WITH DECISIONS AND JUDGM
ENTS.
.
1636
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1637
II. DETAILS
.
1637
1. NON-COMPLIANCE WITH A
DECISION.
1637
2. NON-COMPLIANCE WITH A JUDGMENT OF THE COURT OF
JUSTICE. 1638
III. APPLICATION OF THE DEGGENDORF-JURISPRUDENCE
.
1638
CHAPTER VILA COOPERATION W ITH NATIONAL COURTS
.
1639
ARTICLE 23A: COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL C O U
RTS.
1639
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1640
II. HISTORY OF THE PROVISION
.
1640
III. DETAILS
.
1640
1. COOPERATION ON INITIATIVE OF A NATIONAL COURT
.
1640
2. COOPERATION ON INITIATIVE OF THE COM M ISSION
.
1640
CHAPTER VIII COMMON PROVISIONS
.
1641
ARTICLE 24: PROFESSIONAL
SECRECY.
1641
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1641
II. DETAILS
.
1641
1. NO DISCLOSURE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORM
ATION.
1641
2. INFORMATION COVERED BY PROFESSIONAL
SECRECY.
1642
3. CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION OF THE MEMBER S TA TE
.
1642
4. PROCEDURAL IMPLEMENTATION
.
1643
ARTICLE 25: ADDRESSEE OF
DECISIONS.
1643
ARTICLE 26: PUBLICATION OF DECISIONS
.
1644
I. PURPOSE OF THE PROVISION
.
1645
II. DETAILS
.
1645
1. PUBLICATION OF A SUMMARY OF THE DECISION
.
1645
2. PUBLICATION OF THE COMPLETE
DECISION.
1645
3. PUBLICATION OF ARTICLE 6 B DECISIONS
.
1646
4. PUBLICATION OF A
NOTICE.
1646
5. PUBLICATION OF DECISIONS OF THE C
OUNCIL.
1646
ARTICLE 27: IMPLEMENTING PROVISIONS
.
1646
ARTICLE 28: ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON STATE AID
.
1647
ARTICLE 29: CONSULTATION OF THE C OM M
ITTEE.
1647
ARTICLE 30: ENTRY INTO FO RC E
.
1648
PART XI ARTICLE 109 T F E U
.
1649
I. INTRODUCTION/SCOPE OF APP LICATIO N
.
1650
II. TOPICS OF IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS
.
1650
III. IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS ALREADY A D O P TE D
.
1651
1. IMPLEMENTING REGULATIONS IN THE TRANSPORTATION
FIELD.
1651
2. ENABLING REGULATION FOR BLOCK EXEMPTION REGULATIONS
.
1651
3. PROCEDURAL REGULATION
.
1660
IV. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY
.
1663
1. ARTICLE 103 TFEU
.
.
. 1663
2. ARTICLE 106(3) T F E U
.
1663
3. ARTICLE 107(3)(E) T FE U
.
1664
4. ARTICLE 108(2) SUBPARA. 3 TFEU
.
1664
PART XII JUDICIAL PROTECTION AT
EU-LEVEL.
1665
A. SYSTEM OF LEGAL PROTECTION
.
1667
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1667
II. DISTRIBUTION OF COMPETENCES IN STATE AID CASES AND ORGANIZATION OF
THE EU -COURTS
.
1668
III. PROCEEDINGS IN THE EU-COURTS
.
1670
1.
BACKGROUND.
1670
2. WRITTEN
PROCEDURE.
1673
3. ORAL
PROCEDURE.
1675
4. JUDGMENT
.
1676
IV. OVERVIEW OF THE PROCEDURES AVAILABLE IN STATE AID
CASES.
1677
1. MAIN
PROCEEDINGS.
1677
2. A
PPEALS.
1678
3. EXPEDITED PROCEDURE AND INTERIM
RELIEF.
1679
B. MAIN PROCEEDINGS IN STATE AID CASES
.
1680
I. OVERVIEW
.
1680
II. ACTION FOR ANNULMENT, ARTICLES 263 AND 264 TFEU (EX ARTICLES 230,
231 T E C )
.
1680
1.
INTRODUCTION.
1681
2.
ADMISSIBILITY.
1681
3. MERITS
.
1698
4. JUDGMENT
.
1701
III. ACTIONS FOR FAILURE TO ACT, ARTICLE 265 AND 266 TFEU (EX ARTICLE
232 AND 233 TEC)
.
1702
1.
INTRODUCTION.
1703
2.
ADMISSIBILITY.
1703
3. MERITS
.
1705
4. JUDGMENT
.
1706
IV. ACTION FOR DAMAGES, ARTICLE 340(2) TFEU (EX ARTICLE 288(2) T E C )
.
1706
1.
INTRODUCTION.
1706
2.
ADMISSIBILITY.
1707
3. MERITS
.
1707
4. JUDGMENT
.
1709
V. REFERENCE FOR PRELIMINARY RULING, ARTICLE 267 TFEU (EX ARTICLE 234
TEC) . 1709
1.
INTRODUCTION.
1709
2.
ADMISSIBILITY.
1710
3. DECISION AND EFFECTS
.
1712
C. INTERIM RELIEF IN STATE AID C
ASES.
1713
I.
INTRODUCTION.
1713
II.
ADMISSIBILITY.
1714
III. M E
RITS.
1714
IV. D
ECISION.
1716
V. INTERIM RELIEF IN APPEAL PROCEDURES
.
1716
INDEX
.
1717 |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036579029 |
| classification_rvk | PS 3460 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)699861616 (DE-599)DNB1003708498 |
| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4136710-8 Kommentar gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Kommentar |
| id | DE-604.BV036579029 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T11:31:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783406603266 9783832973896 9781849461900 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020499977 |
| oclc_num | 699861616 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-M382 DE-29 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-521 DE-945 DE-384 DE-20 DE-11 DE-12 DE-523 DE-N2 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-188 |
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| physical | XXXVIII, 1747 Seiten |
| publishDate | 2016 |
| publishDateSearch | 2016 |
| publishDateSort | 2016 |
| publisher | C.H. Beck Hart Nomos |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | European state aid law a commentary edited by Franz Jürgen Säcker, Frank Montag ; list of authors: Christoph Arhold [und 23 weitere] München C.H. Beck 2016 Oxford, United Kingdom ; Portland OR Hart Baden-Baden Nomos XXXVIII, 1747 Seiten txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Subventionsrecht (DE-588)4183935-3 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4136710-8 Kommentar gnd-content Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Subventionsrecht (DE-588)4183935-3 s DE-604 Säcker, Franz Jürgen 1941- (DE-588)120316757 edt Montag, Frank (DE-588)1028620535 edt Arhold, Christoph oth DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020499977&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | European state aid law a commentary Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Subventionsrecht (DE-588)4183935-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4183935-3 (DE-588)4136710-8 |
| title | European state aid law a commentary |
| title_auth | European state aid law a commentary |
| title_exact_search | European state aid law a commentary |
| title_full | European state aid law a commentary edited by Franz Jürgen Säcker, Frank Montag ; list of authors: Christoph Arhold [und 23 weitere] |
| title_fullStr | European state aid law a commentary edited by Franz Jürgen Säcker, Frank Montag ; list of authors: Christoph Arhold [und 23 weitere] |
| title_full_unstemmed | European state aid law a commentary edited by Franz Jürgen Säcker, Frank Montag ; list of authors: Christoph Arhold [und 23 weitere] |
| title_short | European state aid law |
| title_sort | european state aid law a commentary |
| title_sub | a commentary |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Subventionsrecht (DE-588)4183935-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Subventionsrecht Kommentar |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020499977&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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